关于构词法的课件.ppt

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active, creative, negative, positive, expensive
manlike, childlike, warlike
-ly
有…性质的
-ous
有…性质的
-some
易于…的, 引起…的
-y
充满,性质
friendly, lovely, motherly, brotherly, hourly dangerous, humorous, harmonious, famous
捍卫
half-understand 一知半解
white-wash 粉刷
undergo
忍受
overcome dry-clean
sleepwalk
sunbathe
3 . 合成形容词
long-haired 长发的
first-class 一流的
snow-white
hand-made 雪白的
five-year-old 手工的
n foresee, foregead
同inter- 互相,之间coinotpeerrnaattei,ocnoa-l,owner
minitneir-a小ct型 miniskir t, m i n i b u s
的 mis- 错 misuse,
误地 multi- m i s u n d e r s t a n d ,
构词法
构词法:
合成 (Compounding)
派生法( Derivation )
转化法( Conversion )
合成法:
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成次的构成 大致有以下几种情况。
1. 合成名词
greenhouse efect, greenhouse climate
reading-
schoolgirl get-together
under- 在下面 ,不triangle, tricycle

underground, undergraduate 本科
vice- 副


vice-pLeabharlann Baiduesident
2 . 后缀
游客 tour ist

名词性后缀
visit or
travel e
- e r, 人,物
s i n g e r, worker, listen er r f yer, recorder , con tain er cl ea n e r 清洁工
colorless, wonderless, useless, careless, hopeless, painless, joyless, thoughtless , speechless
-en
由…制成的
-ed
有…特征的
-an
来自
-ive
… 性质的
-like 像…的
woolen, wooden, golden blue-eyed, long-haired, blonde-haired, left-handed, European, American, Australian
leadership, friendship, ownership
-hood
状态,时间范 围,区域范围
childhood, brotherhood, fatherhood
-logy 学科
-ion 动作 , 状 态 -th 状态
-ian 专家
-ism 主义
-dom 状态 , 领
biology, psychology, geology 地质学
life-long
五岁的
dark-blue 终身的
good-
深蓝的
looking high-class
好看的
easy-going well-
known
widespread newly-built homesick carsick newborn
warm-hearted face-to-face
4. 合成副词
-ish,
国家的, 有…性质的
childish, boyish, girlish, foolish, British, Polish English ,selfish, Jewish
-ful
充满…的
-less
缺乏…的
colorful, wonderful, useful, careful, hopeful, painful, joyful, thoughtful
多 over- 过 mistrust

multinational,
movuelrtwipgleelmo vee r s u p p l y, odve r c omeoukl,tip l
cgoice
semi- 半
semi-circle, semiweekly, semi-
sub- 在…下面 colon
- o r,
,清洗剂 / 器
人,物
visitor, actor, editor
-ess,
actress, waitress,
女性
gostess, princess
-ist, 从事…的 人,信仰 者
scientist, socialist ,artist, pianist, violinist , tourist, psycgologist, cgemist, dentist, Marxist
recor d
clea n
n . 记 He broke the record.
v录.
记录
He lies to record something while reading a book.
a d j . 干净 Please keep tidy and clean.
v. 清扫 You have to clean the blackboard after class.
troublesome, tiresome, awesome 令人敬畏的
rainy, dirty, sunny, cloudy, sandy, snowy, sleepy, healthy, girly
副词后缀: -ly , -
wards
a d j-
-ly 以…为方式 slowly, happily, simply
im)u-n(- (不不) )i mapro s s i b l e , impolite
untie, unfair,
anti - 反,防 antifreeze, a n t i v i r u s
auto - 自动的 a u tob ik e ,
fore- 预先,
a u toma tio
前 co- 共
adv -ly 辅 +\y-
-ward(s)
向…的
ily upward, backward, eastward, forwlalyerd
转化法( Conversion )
taste
boo k
n. 味道 It has a good taste. v. 尝起来 It taste very good.
n . 书籍 This book is very good. v. 记载 He is booking the history.
名词性后缀
-ness 状态, 性 质
-ment 行为, 结 果 -ship 状态
happiness, illness, selfishness, sadness darkness, carelessness, endlessness , speechlessness
equipment, entertainment, amusement, excitement, agreement, management, argument
room spaceship
highway hotdog
handwriting get-
working-
greenhouse together
people
breakdown dinning room
msuandfmowaner
overcoat
sleeping car
2. 合成动词
safe-guard
形容词词性的词缀: - a b l e , -cal, -
isg, - like, -ful, -ous, -al
-(a)ble, agreeable, payable, readable , visible,
可…的
reasonable
-cal
与…有关的
political, musical, practical
sometimes alongside beforehand Nearby maybe forever
有时地 并排地 事先地 附近地
注意:
1. 一个词可和多个词合成
handbag, handball, handwriting, handmade
2. 合成词的含义未必是每个部分的意思的叠加,有的
有引申,有的有特殊含义,有的意思相反。
discussion , decision, dictation, organization
length, width, growth, truth ,death musician socialism , communism , realism, modernism kingdom, freedom, wisdom
super- 超级,上层subway
sur- 表面
supermarket, superior
tele- 远
surface, surname, surround
的trans- 横穿 ,通过telephone, telegram, television
tri- 三
transplant, transport, transform
pre- (前pr)e-reading, p r e f i g g t , preliberation re-( 重新 )rewrite, re c o n s id e r, reuse
in-( 不i)nexpensive, indirect, incorrect,
indcirse- (d 不 disagree discover disappe
greenhouse
温室
walkout
罢工
black hole
黑洞
mad-doctor
神经科医生
pig iron
生铁
the Milky
银河
3.W合a y成词的形式:连写,分写,连字符。(美语多不
用连字符,英语多用连字符;有些合成词取得固定地
位后,连写。)
派生法 --- 词缀法
1 . 加前缀的构词法 :
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