2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案(代码：12) (1)
2015职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案
2015职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案2015年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:When it comes to eco-friendly homes, cost and energy efficiency remain top priorities for most people. However, the benefits of a sustainable living environment extend far beyond just these two factors. In the past few years, a new trend has emerged that focuses on creating healthy indoor spaces that enhance both physical and mental well-being.Indoor air quality, natural lighting, and building materials are key elements that contribute to the overall healthfulness of a home. Homes with low levels of indoor pollutants can reduce the risk of respiratory diseases and allergies, while exposure tonatural light can improve mood and alertness. Additionally, choosing natural and non-toxic building materials can further enhance the well-being of the occupants.1. The main idea of the passage is__________.A. c ost and energy efficiency are the top priorities foreco-friendly homesB. sustainable living environments benefit people’s physical and mental healthC. i ndoor air quality is the most important factor for a healthy homeD. healthy indoor spaces are expensive to createAnswer: B2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as contributing to the overall healthfulness of a home?A. I ndoor air qualityB. Natural lightingC. S oundproofingD. Building materialsAnswer: C3. What can exposure to natural light do for occupants of a home?A. R educe the risk of respiratory diseasesB. Increase the risk of allergiesC. I mprove mood and alertnessD. Decrease energy efficiencyAnswer: C4. What is one way to enhance the well-being of a home’s occupants?A. C hoose natural and non-toxic building materialsB. Use synthetic materials in constructionC. I nstall artificial lightingD. Increase indoor pollutantsAnswer: A5. Which of the following best describes the new trend in sustainable living environments mentioned in the passage?A. F ocusing on cost and energy efficiencyB. Creating healthy indoor spaces for physical and mental well-beingC. U sing artificial lightingD. Not considering indoor air qualityAnswer: BSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph based on the content of the statement. Each paragraph may be chosen once.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The coffee industry has been a major player in the global economy for centuries. From its origins in Africa to its widespread consumption around the world today, coffee has become an integral part of many cultures. However, recent concerns about the environmental impact of coffee production have raised questions about the sustainability of the industry.6. Coffee has been consumed globally for many centuries.7. Concerns about the environmental impact of coffee production have emerged recently.8. The coffee industry has a long history dating back to Africa.9. Coffee production has become a major economic force around the world.10. The sustainability of the coffee industry is being questioned due to environmental concerns.Answer: 3Part II Vocabulary and StructureSection ADirections: Choose the correct answer to complete each of the following sentences.11. The teacher usually______ her students________a lot of homework.A. gives, tooB. gives, withC. gives, too manyD. gives, a lot ofAnswer: C12. By the time Tom_________ the station, the train had already left.A. had reachedB. reachedC. was reachingD. reachesAnswer: A13. The company is planning _______ a new product line next year.A. launchingB. to launchC. launchedD. launchAnswer: B14. Everyone was surprised by the sudden______ of the storm.A. breakB. strikeC. pauseD. hitAnswer: D15. I’d like to ______ a table for two for this evening, please.A. bookB. reserveC. orderD. reserveAnswer: BSection BDirections: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.16. The company is______ a new marketing campaign to attract customers. (launch)17. We had to ______ our plans due to the bad weather. (revise)18. The______ system in this building is very inefficient. (heat)19. The new manager has brought a lot of______ to the company. (innovate)20. She is very______ about starting her own business. (enthusiasm)Answer: 16. launching17. revise18. heating19. innovation20. enthusiasticPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 3Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:One of the biggest challenges facing the technology industry today is cybersecurity. With the increasing amount of data being stored online and the rise of cyber attacks, companies must take steps to protect their information and systems.Cybersecurity professionals play a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data and preventing security breaches.21. What is the biggest challenge facing the technology industry today?A. Technological advancementsB. CybersecurityC. Data storageD. Cyber attacksAnswer: B22. Why do companies need to protect their information and systems?A. To prevent technological advancementsB. To increase data storageC. To safeguard sensitive dataD. To encourage cyber attacksAnswer: C23. What role do cybersecurity professionals play in the industry?A. Creating security breachesB. Safeguarding sensitive dataC. Increasing cyber attacksD. Preventing data storageAnswer: B24. What must companies do to protect their information and systems?A. Increase data storageB. Safeguard sensitive dataC. Prevent security breachesD. Encourage technological advancementsAnswer: C25. According to the passage, what is on the rise in the technology industry?A. Technological advancementsB. CybersecurityC. Data storageD. Cyber attacksAnswer: DPart IV WritingSection ADirections: In this section, you are going to write an essay on the importance of lifelong learning. Write at least 150 words.Lifelong learning is essential in today’s rapidly changing world. With advances in technology and globalization, the skills and knowledge required for success are constantly evolving. In order to stay competitive in the workforce, individuals must continue to learn and adapt throughout their careers. Lifelong learning not only enhances one’s job prospects but also contributes to personal development and fulfillment.Furthermore, lifelong learning allows individuals to stay updated on new developments in their field and remain relevant in a rapidly changing environment. By seeking out opportunities for continuous learning, individuals can adapt to new challenges and take advantage of emerging trends. Lifelong learning also fosters creativity and innovation, as individuals are exposed to new ideas and perspectives.In conclusion, lifelong learning is an invaluable asset in today’s fast-paced world. By committing to continuouslearning, individuals can enhance their skills, stay relevant in the workforce, and lead more fulfilling lives. Investing in lifelong learning is a positive step towards personal and professional growth.Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English.26. 我们必须采取措施保护环境，防止进一步的破坏。
2015职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案
2015职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案2015 Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Class A LevelSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In cities, millions of people live _____1_____ close together, yet most of them ____2___ have no close friends. This means there are more lonely people than ever before. Many of them are elderly. They used to see friends nearby every day, but now they are lucky if they see them ____3____ few times a year.How is it that ____4___ people come to be so lonely? There are many reasons. Work, for example, is important for most people. Very often, to be successful, one has to go to live where the best job is. So, ____5___ of us have to move away from friends and family to live and to work.There are probably more lonely people living in ____6____ than anywhere else in the world. The reason for this is that in cities people live close together, but know little about each other.People who live in the ____7____ street or block of flats may never have ____8____ person who lives only a few doors away.School teachers have a lot to do with this ____9____, the first thing they need to do is to get children to realize that perhaps the ____10___ friend is the one that is nearest to them.1. A. so B. as C. very D. rather2. A. however B. nor C. yet D. but3. A. a B. two C. couple D. a4. A. such B. as C. these D. that5. A. some B. few C. many D. a lot6. A. cities B. towns C. villages D. countries7. A. the same B. identical C. different D. similar8. A. knows B. known C. know D. knowing9. A. problem B. activity C. situation D. fact10. A. most B. best C. near D. nextSection II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. (30 points)Passage OneQuestion 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:In 13th-century England, the Black Death was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. This plague was carried by fleas on the backs of ________ and was spread in the streets of London. Ships arriving from foreign ________ also helped to spread the disease. The situation was made even worse because dead bodies lay rotting in the ________ and people were too terrified to go outside. The streets were ________ with refuse and filth.11. A. rats B. dogs C. cats D. mice12. A. cities B. villages C. towns D. countries13. A. waters B. fields C. streets D. hills14. A. clean B. filled C. packed D. stuffed15. A. A. thing B. something C. everything D. nothingPassage TwoQuestion 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Scientists are working on a new process to turn ________ into a soft and flexible fabric. The plastic bags used to wrap food in supermarkets are made from ________. At present, most of them are thrown away even though they are non-biodegradable. A company in the United States hopes to ________ them into carpets and sleeping bags. They will be soft and suitable for use in houses ________ the edges will be bound with fabric.16. A. planks B. bottles C. metals D. glasses17. A. cotton B. plastic C. leather D. nylon18. A. make B. put C. spin D. drop19. A. so B. however C. whereas D. but20. A. beside B. although C. because D. althoughPassage ThreeQuestion 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:More and more people in Europe are suffering from health problems such as heart disease and ________ because they eat too much ________ food. Doctors have given advice on how to ________ a diet to save one from developing such diseases. They say we should eat more ________ and less fatty food.21. A. lungs B. stomachs C. skins D. hands22. A. cooked B. raw C. good D. delicious23. A. find B. suggest C. include D. increase24. A. fish B. bread C. cheese D. butter25. A. just B. after C. even D. onlySection III TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)26. You must be aware of the limitations of your abilities.27. The old man was struck dead by a passing car.28. The audience was impressed by the young singer's performance.29. They have put off the meeting until next week.30. Please inform me of the result as soon as possible.Section IV WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Hobby. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 我最喜爱的爱好是什么。
职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案答案附后
经典资料,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可编辑修改
经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可修改
2015年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案
第l部分：词汇选项第1～15题,每题1分,共15分
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语;请将答案涂在答题卡相应的
位置上;
1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth．
A take out
B break off
C push in
D dig up
2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．
A play
B show
C send
D tell
3 This table is strong and durable．
A long-lasting
B extensive
C far-reaching
D eternal
4 He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A fired
B resigned
C died
D retreated
5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror．
A smiling
B laughing
C shouting
D staring。
2015年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案汇总
2015职称英语理工类A级考试真题：一．词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept2.She showed a natural aptitude hard to accept.A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible5.They were locked in mortal cmbat.A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correct8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A.survicestC.dieD.move10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A.fairB.fullC.coexistingD.public11.They promote simulation of ethnic group into the main-streasm culture.A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.intergration12.A saleman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A.principalB.officalC.simpleD.legal13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.A.silenceB.praiseC.assureplain14.We live for years in a perpetual state of fear.A.emotionB.nervousC.terribileD.Contimuous15.The starving children were a pathectic sight.monB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.pitiful二．阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案讲解
2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案职称英语考试《理工类A级》阅读理解强化练习题(5)Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone —far from it. Secondly, common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cuff, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.词汇：psychoanalyst n.精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt.隔绝rear vt.抚养 predispose 易导致 care taker n.照顾者，看管人 entail vt.蕴涵infant n.婴儿 anthropologist n.人类学家1.Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A) Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car for children at the age of three or older.B) Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C) The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.D) Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.2.Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?A) Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B) Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.C) A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D) Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's s personality.3.It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that ______ .A) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societiesB) a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC) mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD) children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years4.Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?A) Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.B) The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.C) The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.D) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.5. Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?A) Children under three should stay with their parents.B) Early day care has positive effects on children's development.C) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.D) The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.「答案解析」1.C 波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。
2015年职称英语考试理工A级真题及答案
2015年职称英语考试理工A级真题及答案【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。
词汇学习七每组词汇学习有15 道小题。
在每道题的句子里都有一个加底线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。
1. Loud noises can be annoying.A) hateful B) painful C) horrifying D) irritating1. D annoying和irritating意思最相近，有“使烦恼的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。
hateful 有“可恨的”，“心怀不满的”等意思。
He is hateful to me.我觉得他可恨。
Don't be so hateful.别这么怨天尤人。
painful:痛苦的。
I don't like his painful look.我不喜欢他那副痛苦的表情。
horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震惊的”的意思。
These were horrifying experiences.这些经历不堪回首2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A) sufficiently B) noticeably C) intentionally D) absolutely2. C deliberately和intentionally意思相同：故意，蓄意地。
sufficient:足够的，充分的。
This is sufficient for my needs.足够我用了。
noticeable:明显的，易见的。
全国职称英语等级考试理工类试题及答案
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 With immense relief. I stopped running.A some B、enormous C little D extensive2 The scientists began to accumulate data.A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit.B passedC reachedD led4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possibleB profitableC easyD wise5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A factB mysteryC statementD game6 That guy is really witty.A smartB uglyC honorableD popular7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonableB dramaticC humiliatingD horrifying8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A preparedB trainedC qualifiedD guided9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praisesB writesC imitatesD describes10 The meaning is still obscure.A vagueB transparentC alienD significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.A destroyB decreaseC delayD pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumesB expectsC predictsD considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A rememberB followC understandD learn14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.A awkwardB strangeC stupidD awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbidB advocateC inheritD withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2015年职称英语理工a级考试题及答案
2015年职称英语理工a级考试题及答案【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。
词汇学习六每组词汇学习有15 道小题。
在每道题的句子里都有一个加底线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。
1. With immense relief, I stopped running.A) much B) enormous C) little D) extensive1．B immense：巨大的。
enormous：巨大的。
The expense of living is immense today．现在生活的开支很大。
Their losses were enormous．他们的损失巨大。
much：许多。
The students have given me much help．学生给了我许多帮助。
little：小；少。
The old man lived in a little house in the woods．老人生活在树林中的一座小屋里。
extensive：广泛的。
They make extensive contacts with the Chinese people．他们跟中国人广泛接触。
2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.A) build up B) put up C) make up D) clear up2.A accumulate：积累。
build up：建立起。
The old teacher has accumulated a lot of teaching experience．这位老教师积累了丰富的教学经验。
We have built up a good reputation．我们建立起了很好的声誉。
2015职称英语(理工A类)真题及答案(文字版)更新
2015年职称英语考试《理工A》真题Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn‟t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth‟s surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoi c period, about 800 million years ago —but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?Well,it seems the air wasn‟t so great then, after all.Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth‟s atmosphere couldn‟thave supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advance mentswere poised to occur.“There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherRein hard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We‟re providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earth‟s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygen‟srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gaveus the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today‟sconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highlydynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surfa ce Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be agame changer.”Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation‟s Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; ThomasJohnson, of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned18. The teamwas funded by several research institutes.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Geneticadvancements triggered the rise of animals.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Thesamples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned21. Thestudy revealed that chromium found in Earth‟s continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. TimLyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned据网友提供信息，2015年职称英语考试理工A概括大意与完成句子真题及答案，广大考生可以参考本帖，对照答案。
2015职称英语(理工A类)真题及答案(文字版)
“It seems clear that there is a f-iorsrdt er difference
inthe nature of Earth surfa ce Cr cycling ” before and after the rise of animals.
“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment, ” saidco -author Tim Lyons of the University of California- Riverside. “This could be agame changer. ”
2015 年职称英语考试
《理工 A》真题
Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn?t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth?s surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?
职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案资料答案附后
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】
【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】
2015年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案
第l部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的
位置上。
1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth．
A take out
B break off
C push in
D dig up
2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．
A play
B show
C send
D tell
3 This table is strong and durable．
A long-lasting
B extensive
C far-reaching
D eternal
4 He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A fired
B resigned
C died
D retreated
5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror．。
职称英语等级考试理工类a级试题及答案7p
1 It isobviousthat he will win the game．
A likely
B possible
C clear
D strange
2 There is noriskto public health．
A point
B danger
C chance
D hope
3 Did anyonecallme when was out?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into
difficulties for血e first time．Wildlife has suffered too．In lowland forests，elephants，deer, and
tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog．
But smog is not just an Asian problem．In fact，the word was first used in London in 1905 to
President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban au human cloning and many states in
the US will have passed anti—cloning laws by the end of the year”
全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题及答案10p
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1With immense relief. I stopped running.A some B、enormous C little D extensive2The scientists began to accumulate data.A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate3Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit.B passedC reachedD led4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possibleB profitableC easyD wise5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A factB mysteryC statementD game6That guy is really witty.A smartB uglyC honorableD popular7The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonableB dramaticC humiliatingD horrifying8It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A preparedB trainedC qualifiedD guided9This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praisesB writesC imitatesD describes10 The meaning is still obscure.A vagueB transparentC alienD significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.A destroyB decreaseC delayD pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumesB expectsC predictsD considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A rememberB followC understandD learn14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.A awkwardB strangeC stupidD awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbidB advocateC inheritD withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive greenThey need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.16It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned200ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
201 5年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题题解
2015年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题题解第1部分：词汇选项1 B lure表示“诱惑”，与tempt意思相近。
题干意为：我们被来钱快的诱惑所吸引。
其他选项，amount“量”，supply“供给”，sum“总量”。
2 C rejection意为“拒绝”，与refusal意思相同。
题干意为：大多数人难以接受拒绝。
其他选项，excuse“借口”，client“客户”，destiny“命运”。
3 D simultaneous意思是“同时发生的，联立的”，simultaneous trial“同时发生的事（试验）”，可与coexisting替换。
题干意为：在旁边的楼里同时进行着另一场试验。
4 Abold意为“大胆的，勇敢的”，可与brave替换。
题干意为：该组织有足够的勇气面对媒体。
其他选项，pleased“高兴的”，powerful“强大的”，sensible“明智的”。
5 D tolerate意为“容忍”。
题干意思是：在我的课堂上我不会容许这种行为发生。
意思上可以与accept“接受”替换。
其他选项，control“控制”，observe“观察，遵守”，regulate“调节，规定”。
6 A perish意为“灭亡，消失”，可与die替换。
题干意为：他认为，欧洲必须变革，否则就会灭亡。
其他选项，survive“幸存”，last“持续”，move“移动”。
7 C transparent意为“透明的”，这里可以与clear“清晰的”替换。
题干意思是：人们认为，这些程序很复杂，不够透明。
其他选项，necessary“必须的”，special “特殊的”，correct“正确的”。
8 B compliment意思是“恭维，称赞”，可与praise“赞扬”替换。
题干意为：我必须对你对困难局势的处理表示赞扬。
其他选项，silence“寂静”，assure“保证，担保”，complain“抱怨”。
9 A aptitude意为“天资”，意思与talent“才能，天资”相近。
2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案
2015职称英语理工类A级试题及答案职称英语考试《理工类A级》阅读理解强化练习题(5)Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone —far from it. Secondly, common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cuff, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.词汇：psychoanalyst n.精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt.隔绝rear vt.抚养 predispose 易导致 care taker n.照顾者，看管人 entail vt.蕴涵infant n.婴儿 anthropologist n.人类学家1.Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A) Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car for children at the age of three or older.B) Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C) The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.D) Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.2.Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?A) Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B) Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.C) A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D) Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's s personality.3.It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that ______ .A) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societiesB) a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC) mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD) children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years4.Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?A) Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.B) The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.C) The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.D) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.5. Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?A) Children under three should stay with their parents.B) Early day care has positive effects on children's development.C) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.D) The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.「答案解析」1.C 波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。
职称英语等级考试真题理工类A级答案附后
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年职称英语等级考试真题(理工类A级)第1部分：词汇选项(第1—1 5题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. suddenlyB. generallyC. slightlyD. greatly2. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. knowing3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. pushing.C. notifyingD. inviting4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommended15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.A. obviousB. majorC. unclearD. minor第2部分：阅读判断(第1 6～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Scientists once estima ted that Earth’s crust started shifting three billion years ago.A. RightC. Not mentioned20. It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2015年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第l～15题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept【答案】D【解析】句意：在我的课堂上我无法容忍那种行为。
tolerate容忍，忍受。
control控制。
observe观察；遵守。
regulate调节；控制。
accept接受。
tolerate与accept意思相近，可相互替换，因此本题正确答案为D项。
2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste【答案】B【解析】句意：她表现出做这份工作的天赋。
aptitude天资；能力。
sense感觉，感官。
talent天赋。
flavor风味，香料。
taste口味；尝起来。
aptitude与talent意思相近，可相互替换，因此本题正确答案为B项。
3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal【答案】D【解析】句意：大多数人难以接受拒绝。
rejection拒绝，否决。
excuse借口；打扰。
client 客户。
destiny命运。
refusal拒绝。
rejection与refusal意思相近，可相互替换，因此D项为正确答案。
4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible【答案】C【解析】句意：这个组织勇于面对媒体。
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2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题（代码：12）第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. tasteA. excuse D. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. activeA. amountB. supply D. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correctA. ServiceB. danger D. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. moveA. fair D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legalC .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, once su fficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?Well, it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found thatoxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’t have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally u navoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We’re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth’s continental crust, an d chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygen’s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxy gen level at 40% of today’s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the ear ly atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.“If we are right, our results will really c hange how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”“There’s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The team was funded by several research institutes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。