2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案(代码：12) (1)

2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题（代码：12）

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. control

B. observe

C. regulate

D. accept

2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.

A. sense

B. talent

C. flavor

D. taste

A. excuse D. destiny

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased

B. powerful

C. brave

D. sensible

5. They were locked in mortal combat.

A. deadly

B. open

C. actual

D. active

A. amount

B. supply D. sum

7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A. clear

B. necessary

C. special

D. correct

A. Service

B. danger D. threat

9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A. survive

B. last

C. die

D. move

A. fair D. public

11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.

A. policy

B. value C .equality D. integration

12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A. principal

B. official

C. simple

D. legal

C .assure D. complain

14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear

A. emotional

B. nervous

C. terrible

D. Continuous

15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.

A. common

B. unexpected

C. unforgettable

D. pitiful

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth

Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, once su fficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?

Well, it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.

In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that

oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’t have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.

“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally u navoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We’re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”

The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth’s continental crust, an d chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.

Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.

Oxygen’s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxy gen level at 40% of today’s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.

In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the ear ly atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.

“If we are right, our results will really c hange how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”

“There’s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.

16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. The team was funded by several research institutes.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

First Image-recognition Software

1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.