现在完成时用法及练习

现在完成时态详细讲解及其练习

一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。

I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）

——Have you found your lost pen yet?

——No, I haven’t found it yet.（我很着急）

②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点/从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。

二、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别

1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；

2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。

三、在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。

现在完成时可以和带有since 或for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：

I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be here

die →be dead begin(start)→be on come back→be back fall

ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) leave →be away get up→be up finish →be over ope n →be open close →be closed borrow →keep或be on →be in 或be a member of… go to school→be a student buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)begin to study→study get to know →know come to work→work 等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once , never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。

He has been to Beijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（还没有回来）

have/has been in 待在某地

如：They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。

（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时态练习题

一选择填空。

( ) 2. Her father ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years.

(A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead

(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died

( ) 3. I have _____this nice watch for two years.

(A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend

( ) 4.He _____his home for ten years.

(A)has left (B)left from

(C)has been away from (D)was away from

( ) 5.He _____a league member for three years

(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become

( ) 6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years

(A)joined the army (C)become a soldier

(B)been an army (D)been in the army

( ) 7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school