高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解第二部分怎样准解题第二讲推理判断题__于文有据不枉断
技法4 文章出处类——根据文章体裁和内容推出处
arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-
【近3年全国卷考情分析】
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
一、推理判断题解题技巧要掌握
技法1 推断隐含意义类——逻辑分析得结论 知答题方略 一“抓”一“整”找“依据”,巧做推断隐含题 1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理:要善于抓住某一段话中的关键 信息,即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或 正面推理。 2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上, 整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。 3.以事实为依据:推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据,不能凭空 想象,这样才能做出合理的推断。
group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with
those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened somet the dominant response. Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow , these
完整版)高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧
完整版)高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧推理判断题是高层次阅读理解题中较为主观的一种,考生需要根据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及措辞、态度和语气,找出表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句,然后运用相关知识进行推理判断,得出符合逻辑的结论。
近年来,高考中经常出现以下五种推理判断题:一、推断隐含意义或深层意义1.这类题干中通常含有learn(),infer(),suggest(),imply(),conclude()。
indicate()等标志性词语,常见的提问方式有:1).We can know from the passage that ________.2)。
We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________.3).___ ______.4).It ___ ________.5).The underlined sentence indicates that ________2.解题技巧①针对细节推断:在原文中找到相关的信息源,对具体内容进行分析,推理判断得出结论。
例如,原文中提到“你是否曾经听到过从墙壁里传来的奇怪声音?它听起来像是一个时钟吗?如果是的话,那可能是由一个甲虫制造的。
很久以前,人们认为这个滴答声意味着有人即将死去。
因此,这种甲虫被称为“死亡守望者甲虫”。
从文中可以推断出,这种甲虫的声音让人感到________。
A.高兴B.惊讶C.恐惧D.兴奋需要填的是C,因为文中明确提到人们曾经认为这种声音意味着有人即将死去,因此可以推断出这种声音让人感到恐惧。
Why ___ any good news。
All I read about is murder。
bribery。
and death。
Frankly。
I’m sick of all the bad news.The author ___。
___ with the constant barrage of bad news。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之细节理解题和推理判断题导学案
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧PartI. 考情分析PartII. 阅读原则1、做题顺序:先题后文,题文对仗(题目顺序即文章顺序),偶有例外。
2、题目定位词停靠:首字母大写词,实意名词或动词,形容词副词PartIII. 阅读理解五大题型1、细节理解题(事实细节题)2、推理判段题3、词义猜测题4、主旨大意题5、观点态度题一、细节理解题常见的提问形式:1.Who/What/Where/When/Why/How/Which/...?2.What was the reason for...?3.At which place can...?4.All the statements are true except.5.In the passage, the author states that.6.What’s the right order of the events ?细节理解题技巧总结:1.错误选项的特点:1)明显远离定位范围2)绝对性选项(must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none, pletely, absolutely 等…)2. 正确选项的特点:1)原文重现2)同义改写eg. UK England /BritainThe bottleneck is the supply of teachers. The lack of teachers.supplywondifferent【Example 1】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship(战船)Bismarck(俾斯麦号), the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn(受战争破坏的)England.The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean ______.A. to sink the Hood(胡德号战舰)B. to gain control of FranceC. to cut off American supplies to BritainD. to stop British warships reaching Germany【Example 2】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship(战船)Bismarck(俾斯麦号), the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn(受战争破坏的)England.The British had feared such a task. No warships(战船)they had could match the Bismark(俾斯麦号)in speed or in firepower(火力). The Bismarck had eight 15inch guns(火炮)and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 30 nautical miles (海里) an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable(不沉的).Many people believed that the Bismarck was the most strongest one because she ______.A. was fast and powerfulB. had more men on boardC. was under Luetjens’ mandD. had bigger guns than other ships牛刀小试:【EX. 1】However, the British had to sink her. They force their best battleship Hood(胡德号战舰)to hunt down the Bismarck(俾斯麦号). On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.It was a meeting(会面)that the German mander(指挥官)did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1, 419 men with her.We learn from the text that on 24 May ______.A. the British won the battle against the BismarckB. the Bismarck won the battle against the BritishC. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriouslyD. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British【EX. 2】But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged . Her mander decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck’s speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.Her mander tried to sail(航行)to France in order to ______.A. have the ship repairedB. join the other GermansC. get help from the FrenchD. get away from the British二、推理判断题常见提问方式1.The passage implies (暗示) that_______.2.We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.3.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4.What is the tone (语气) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to (倾向于) _____.7.Where would this passage most probably appear(出现)?8.The next paragraph would most probably deal with_______.9.At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.技巧点拨:1.推断隐含意义【Example 1】A buildityourself solar still(自制太阳能蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available…..The only ponents(成分)required, though, are a 5' ×5' sheet of clear(透明的)or slightly milky(略带乳白色的)plastic, six feet of plastic tube(试管), and a container(容器)—perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water. These pieces can be folded(折叠)into a neat little pack and fastened(系)on your belt(腰带).1.What do we know about the solar still (蒸馏器)from the first paragraph? ()A. It’s delicate(精致的).B. It’s expensive.C. It’s plex.D. It’s portable(便携的).推断隐含意义题技巧总结:①Scanning,找到相关信息点②Study reading,不但理解表层,而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析③推理,以文中提供的信息为依据,结合常识,作出符合逻辑的推断2.推断写作目的【Example 1】It’s an amazing acplishment(成就)and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations(企业), and other social organizations(组织). Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? ()A. To encourage supports.B. To advertise ing events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.推断写作目的题技巧总结1:找句来推断写作目的。
高中英语推理判断题解题技巧
高中英语推理判断题解题技巧篇一:高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧编辑点评:推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推断出没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。
这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属深层理解题。
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推断出没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。
这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属深层理解题。
此类试题的设计常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词。
这类题的设问方式主要有:(1)We can infer from the passage that ______.(2)What can be inferred from the passage?(3)Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?(4)It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______.(5)The author suggest in this passage that ______.(6)The writer implies that ______.(7)It can be inferred that ______.(8)It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(9)On the whole, we can conclude that ______.(10)From the text we can conclude that ______.(11)After reading the passage we may conclude that______.(12)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?(13)The author is inclined to think that ______.(14)When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that______.(15)What's the writer's attitude towards...?(16)What's the author's feeling towards...?(17)In the writer's opinion...理解文段的隐含信息包括:推测或人物的观点、态度、意图、身份、情感,对或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出评价等,属于深层理解,是语言学习者必须具备的交际能力之一。
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧从历年高考试题可以看出,推理判断题是英语阅读理解的常考题型之一,同时也是考生们失分较多的题。
这类题型考查对文章中隐含或深层的含义的理解能力,要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题型吧!【推理判断题的类型】1. 文章出处、来源以及读者对象推断对于这类题型考生可以从文章的格式以及内容出发,例如:(1)报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
新闻的事实性、严肃性较强,文章风格严谨、客观,就某一事实评论时通常不会出现对某一观点很大的倾向性。
(2)广告:广告的格式特殊,容易辨认。
产品广告通常包括对物品的介绍、推广、价格等,招聘广告会包括对招聘人员的要求及职位描述。
(3)产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
(3)网站:通过文中online(在线)、web(网络)、website(网址)、click(点击)等字眼可轻松判断出文章源于网络。
因此,考生在平时的学习中需要留意不同文体的结构和语言特征,以便考试时能迅速识别正确答案。
【考例】(2022年新高考I卷,A篇)21. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.解析:根据文章标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature“文学导论课程评分规则”以及Essays (60%)下的“the grade for this course (本课程的成绩)”和Group Assignments (30%)下的“...Blackboard, our online learning and course management system (...Blackboard,在线学习和课程管理系统)”可推知,本文是对一个文学导论课程评分规则的详细介绍,应该是选自课程方案。
2023届高考英语复习+高三阅读专项+推理判断技巧+课件
常见设问形式:1.What can we infer about...?2.Which of the following statements does the passage support?3.What does the author imply about...? 4. What can we learn / know about the author from 5.What conclusion could be drawn / discover / conclude from ___?
2020年7月天津 A篇
考法3 :推断写作意图
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats (载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
【高考】英语阅读理解专项攻略—推理判断题ppt课件
fly.The Transition is now follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.
推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息,而且还要进行一定的判断和推理,并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured(受伤)each year.
4.The fact... Is mentioned by the author to
【典型考例】
(2018全国Ⅰ·B)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to
grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
This passage would be most likely to be found in_____
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的特点及解题技巧全
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的特点及解题技巧[名校内部资料]一、推理判断的概念释义与设问方式从严格意义说,推理与判断是两个缜密组合却侧重点不同的概念。
推理是指通过文章所提供的有关内容作为前提和依据进行推断,得出文中没有明确提到的结论。
判断是指对文章提供的事实信息进行辨别和分析,然后得出合理的结论。
阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对文中细节隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的推理和判断,从而理解作者所要传达的信息,得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
#高考#阅读理解推理判断题常见的设问方式有:What can be inferred from the text ?How would the author feel about the outcome of the event ?Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the text ?What can we infer about ...?What can we know about the ... from the first paragraph ? What can we infer from the last paragraph ?What is the purpose of the last part of the text ?What is the author's purpose in writing the text ?What is the author's attitude to / toward the ...?Where might this passage be taken from ?What does the text imply ?Where can the text be found ?Where is the passage most likely to be taken from ?Where would this passage most probably appear ?二、推理判断题的细分题型特点及其解题技巧高考英语阅读理解推理判断题,根据考查的深层次内容,又可以再细分为“隐含意义推断题,观点态度推断题,写作意图推断题,文章出处或写作类型推断题和篇章结构推断题”5种小类型。
高考英语推理判断题解题策略
高考英语推理判断题解题策略在高考英语中,推理判断题是相对较难的题型之一。
该题型要求考生通过对文章或段落进行分析和推断,来判断陈述是否正确。
针对这种题型,以下是一些解题策略供参考。
首先明确题干中陈述的话题推理判断题的选项通常都是对文章中某些陈述的判断,而这些陈述往往和题干中的主题有关。
因此,首先需要明确题干中表达的主题,然后仔细阅读文章,找到与主题相关的内容,从而判断选项的正确性。
注意文章中的定语从句和插入语很多推理判断题的文章中会出现大量的定语从句和插入语,这些语段往往让文章的结构和意思变得复杂,容易让人混淆。
因此,在阅读和分析文章时,需要仔细辨认这些从句和插入语,将它们和文章的主旨进行结合看待。
只有正确理解这些语段,才能更好地判断题目。
分析选项中文章所述陈述的状态在推理判断题中,选项往往是对文章中某一陈述的判断,或者是对一组陈述之间关系的判断。
在面对这些选项时,考生需要仔细分析选项中陈述的状态,判断它是否符合文章中所述事实。
如果选项中表达的陈述与文章中的陈述矛盾,那么就可以排除它。
利用排除法找到正确的选项面对一些比较复杂的推理判断题,考生可能无法直接判断哪个选项是正确的。
这时,可以采用排除法找到正确的答案。
先将选项中与文章所述事实矛盾的选项排除,最后从剩余的选项中选择正确的答案。
注意选项的权威性在推理判断题中,有些选项可能具有迷惑性,通常它们与文章所述的事实相较之下,可能更具说服力。
然而,需要注意的是,选项有时并不具有权威性。
因此,在选择答案时,要根据自身的知识背景和阅读程度,慎重选择选项,确保其具有一定的权威性。
针对个别题目的解题思路以下列举一些在考场上遇到的难解推理判断题的解题思路。
矛盾句型的判断对于一些矛盾句型,可以采取推理的方法来解决问题。
首先,理解矛盾句型的两个陈述的大意,然后对它们进行逻辑分析。
最后,根据逻辑分析的结果,推断出哪个陈述是正确的。
多个陈述的辨析对于涉及多个陈述的题目,可以采用分类比较的方法,找出一个或多个具有共性的选项,然后将它们和文章中所述的内容进行比较,筛选出正确选项。
英语阅读-推理判断题
P3 Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.
statements is true?
A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.
B. Fighting back tears may cause some health
to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight
it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional
response(反应).
(2分钟)
●According to the author, which of the following
topic sentence What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?
高考英语阅读理解专题讲解 之 推理判断题 (共49张PPT)
◆We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to _________.
这类题常见的设问方式有: • What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? • The next paragraph would most probably deal with_________.
选项特点
正确选项特点 不是文中直接或明确说明的内容, 是间接表达出来
◆What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?______
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
作者写文章的目的通常有三种: to entertain readers 常见于故事类的文章; to persuade readers 常见于广告或议论文; to inform readers 常见于文化类、社会类、科普类、新闻报道类文章。
考生可以根据不同的文体特点来快速确定主题句,把握文章主旨。常 见文体确定写作意图的方法如下: 1.记叙文:一般会在首段或尾段出现隐含作者写作意图的总结性语言,
全文围绕此总结性语言展开陈述。 2.说明文:一般会在文中反复出现所要说明的事物Fra bibliotek者道理,作者的写
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选5篇)
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选5篇)高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选篇1)一、直接看题干,找出题中所给的重点词(人名、地名、数字等),然后回到原文找这个[关键词],在原文中定位后面,就变小了选择范围。
二、多次理解含[关键词]句子的前后句子,按照前文中后面意思推断单词和短语的含义,然后做出判断和推理。
三、选择完成后面,再通读*,从主旨大意上把控掌握作者的用意、观点和态度,验证自己的选择。
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选篇2)1、原句重复产生,200%错。
正确的都是有改动的,即同意替换。
2、*是按顺序出题的。
你要认为不是,就是你做错了。
3、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项,这当中之一是对的。
(要有这个意识)。
4、就大多数情况下来说,some people,表作者不认同的观点。
few people,表作者的观点。
5、用*里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除。
200%错。
(要有能辨别这个选项是不是*中例子的能力)。
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选篇3)很多同学在高考英语阅读理解中,都错在了关键的第一步——审题上。
那么到底如何看题干,大家应该看哪里?大部分同学都知道,用时间、大写词去定位,但其实这只是最基本的定位信息。
A、看似松散,一般每篇只有四个问题,实则考查对*中心思想的把握能力。
B、看似粗线条,根据文中具体信息便可判断正确答案,实则考查句意理解的精确度。
C、抓住关键句,每段的首句大抵是本段的关键句。
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选篇4)通读全文很多同学在做英语阅读理解的时候为了节省时间,常常只是阅读标题,然后粗略的浏览*,这样做会破坏*的整体性,容易错过关键的信息。
我们在做阅读理解的时候要用最快的速度通读*,然后判明主旨。
这样做才能提高答题的有效性。
注重细节我们在做英语阅读理解的时候还会遇到题干中给出的干扰项,要想跨越这些干扰就需要我们对*进行仔细的阅读,结合着上下文对整体的*脉络进行梳理。
排除干扰项,选择正确的答案。
高考英语阅读解题技巧(精选篇5)我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型,根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同,可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解推理推断题解题技巧篇1推理推断属于高层次阅读理解,在解答时应留意以下几点:1.把握常见的提问形式常用infer, imply,suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 等词提问,或提问中含有表示推想的情态动词,如:can, could, might, would 等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组,如probably, most likely 等。
2. 解题思路做题时肯定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的外表意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会的“弦外音〞.在阅读是要抓住文章的主题和详情,分析文章结构,依据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深沉含义。
首先在进行推理时,要认真阅读短文,千万不行脱离原文而凭个人的看法,主观臆断。
其次对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机。
事件的因果关系及未言明的倾向、意图、看法、观点等要进行合乎规律的推断。
推理分析,进一步增添理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西。
再次,在解答推理问题时,应清晰应清晰所要解答的问题是针对某个详情进行推断,还是针对主题思、的意图进行推断。
针对详情的推断可运用略读的方法,快速在阅读材料中确定推理根据的位置或范围,然后在进行推理推断。
针对主题思想进行推断时,其解题的主要根据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的规律关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、缘由与结果(cause and effect),主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)3.推理题的解题方法(1)抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理做此类试题时,要擅长某一段话中的'关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理推断,利用逆向思维或正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
(2)整合全文(段)信息进行推断做推理题时,有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来进行推理推断,确定最正确结论。
高中高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧.docx
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节,也要求理解抽象的含义,既要求理解字面意思,又要求理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。
推理判断属于高层次阅读理解,在解答时应注意以下几点:1.掌握常见的提问形式常用infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose等词提问,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如:can, could, might, would等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组,如 probably, most likely 等。
2. 解题思路做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会作者的“弦外音”.在阅读是要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深沉含义。
首先在进行推理时,要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法,主观臆断。
其次对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机。
事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推断。
推理分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西。
再次,在解答推理问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行判断,还是针对主题思、作者的意图进行判断。
针对细节的推断可运用略读的方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后在进行推理判断。
针对主题思想进行判断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact )、原因与结果( cause and effect) ,主观点与次观点( main idea and supporting idea )3.推理题的解题方法(1)抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理做此类试题时,要善于某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理判断,利用逆向思维或正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
高考英语阅读理解之推理判断
高考英语阅读理解之推理判断一、解题原则要牢记推理判断题要求考生能够充分理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据,在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。
首先,要理解文章的字面意思,弄清上下文的整体逻辑;其次,在阅读过程中要注意作者词句中的深层次含义;第三,要通读题干,充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容和方向,以免白费力气。
最后,仔细挖掘作者隐藏在文章中的一些重要含义,切勿用自己的主观判断来代替文章内容,勿用观点代替事实。
需注意:有的题目只需要简单的逻辑判断,一步即可推得,考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化,推理很多步,反而得出错误的答案。
推理的基础是原文内容,而不是自己的经验和主观判断。
二、答案特征需明辨命题人在设置选项时,正确选项和错误选项各有对应的特点和规律。
考生若熟知这些特点和规律,可提升答题的正确率。
1.正确答案选项的特点1)内容的含义比较丰富,具有综合性和概括性,尤其是当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候,意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案。
2)正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,不会用绝对性词汇,而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇,如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably 等。
3)正确答案有时反而与我们通过常识判断得出的结论相反。
因此,如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相符,而余下的那一个却是反常识的,那么可考虑那个选项是否为正确答案。
2.干扰答案选项的特点1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当成间接推理。
2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果,把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的。
3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点。
因此,考生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理。
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二、解题方法
根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点 或看法,判断作者的态度是客观的、主观的,肯定的、否定 的或是中立的。
例It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I've never heard anything so
6.注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用 了too,excessively,rather等,则常带有否定的意味。
例 The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare,a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror , repeating the words , “ Hello , class.I'm Mr.Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually came,my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor,but rather a 12yearold boy.
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧
所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息, 推断出未知的信息,即把有关的文字作为已知部分, 从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词 或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。此类考题 虽然没有明确的答案,但考生在理解全文的基础上可 以进行推理和判断其答案。推理判断题主要包括推断 隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断观点态度、推断文章 出处、推断写作意图等。尤以推断隐含意义的题居多。
二、解题方法
解答这类推断题时,可根据文章的内容或结构来推 断,也可根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处,如广告的用 词和格式非常特殊,因此容易辨认;报纸的前面会出现日 期、地点或通讯社名称;产品说明的特点也比较明显,一 般会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。
例 The multimillion pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化) of everyday life.
ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King? A.He is strict. B.He is unkind. C.He has the wrong idea. D.He sets a timetable for mothers.
解析: 推断作者观点态度题。由“I've never heard anything so ridiculous (荒谬可笑的)”可知。
例 Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
第一类 推断隐含意义
旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者 的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。
一、常见的设问形式
推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(暗示), imply(暗示),indicate(暗示),conclude(推断,得出结论)等词 语。常见的题干设题形式如下:
1.We can know from the passage that ________.
答案: C
第二类 推断写作意图
推断写作意图,即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者 写该文章的目的。
一、常见的设问形式
1.The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.
2.The passage is meant to ________. 3.The author's purpose is to show ________. 4.The purpose of the article is to ________.
答案: B
第三类 推断观点态度
推断观点态度,即要求考生推断作者对某人某事 的看法或作者所持的观点。
一、常见的设问形式
1.The author seems to be in favor of/against ______. 2 . The author may probably agree with/support ________. 3.What's the author's opinion about...? 4.In the author's opinion...?
二、解题方法
作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种 观点和告知读者某些信息三种。
解答此类题时主要有两种方法: 1.主旨推断法:写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个 中心主题,因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。 2.文体推断法:根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的 写作目的。如记叙文,
特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章,其目的 是娱乐读者;夹叙夹议的文章,其目的是让读者得到 某种启示或教育;广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接 受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点;科普说明文或新 闻报告,其目的是告知读者某些信息。
What is the purpose of this text?
A.To solve a problem.
B.To give practical advice.
C.To tell an interesting story. D.To present a research result.
解析:推 断 写 作 目 的 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 的 中 心 句 (最后一句)可知,这是一篇说明文,其目的是给 养宠物的人提一些实用的建议。
答案: C
第四类 推断文章出处
推断文章出处,即通过阅读材料,感知内容,从 而推断材料的来源。
一、常见的设问形式
1.The text is most likely to be taken from ________. 2.Where does the text probably come from? 3.Where can we most probably read this text?
二、解题方法
解答这类题时,首先通过寻读找到相关信息点(推理的依 据);然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义;最后结合语境和 常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作 者的言外之意。解答此类题目,需注意以下几个问题:
1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理,切忌掺 杂自己的主观想法或经验。
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out,stay outside with them.When you're cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time,make sure they have a warm,solid shelter against the wind,thick bedding,and plenty of nonfrozen water.
As digital media(媒介) is important to its idea,the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.
Set to open in 2013,the £188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre,with which it will share sarn about the author from the Paragraph?