高英第二册修辞汇总
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para.2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para.20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para.20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8) Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22) Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24)Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1) Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice… (Para.26)Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para. 19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13)Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para.8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scal e, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer sp ace (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122) Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? (Authors’ Note)“Really?” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?” (Para. 73)Who knew? (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Y oung MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young me n had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Para. 8)6. …but sinc e the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3)。
高级英语第二册修辞全集
Lesson2I. Are they really the same flesh as youself?——rhetorical question2. They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into then ameless mounds of the graveyard. — alliterati on ‘metaphor 3.Sore-eyed childre n clustereverywhere in un believable nu mbers,like clouds of flies. — simile4. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. ——irony5. There was a fren zied rush of Jews. — tran sferred epithet6. A white skin is always fairly con spicuous. — syn ecdoche7. What gover nment service.——rhetorical questi on8. L ong lines of wome n,be nt double like in verted capital Ls,work their way slowly across thefields. — simile9. This kind of thing makes one 10.1 am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest toscrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a whiteskin. ------ s yn ecdoche12. And really it was like watch ing a flock of cattle to see the long colu mn,a mile or two miles ofarmed men.—simile13. -------- w hile the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direct ion, glitteri ng likescraps of paper. metaphorLesson31. no one has any idea where it will go as it mean ders or leaps and sprkles or justglows. ----- metaphor2. they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.They are like the musketeers ofDumas — simile3. sudde nly the alchemy of con versati on took place — metaphor4. the glow of the con versatio n burst into flames ---- metaphor5. The con versatio n was on win gs. --- metaphor6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasa nt. ----- m etaphor7. The Elizabetha ns blew on it as on a dan deli on clock,a nd its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.— simile's blodrisoolnymyun derstateme nt8. I have an unending love affair with dicti on aries. ------ metaphor,alliterati on9. the King ' s English slips and slides in conversation. metaphor,a—eration10. Otherwise one will bind the conversation,one will not let it flow freely here andthere. ----- metaphor11. We would never have gone to Australia,or leaped back in time to the NormanConquest. ----- metaphor.Lesson51. Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month ofSun days, un fettered the in formal essay with his m emorable Old China and Dream ' s Childre n. —metaphor2. There follows an in formal essay that en tures even bey ond Lamb ' metaphor3. the followi ng essay which un dertakes to dem on strate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipli ne,is a livi ng,breath ing thin g,full of beauty,passi on,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,as precise as a chemist ' sscales. --- hyperbole,simile5. My brain ,that precisi on in strume nt,slipped into high gear. ----- mixed metaphor6. I was out one to let my heart rule my head. ----- metonymy7. if you were out of the picture,the field woud be ope n. ------- metaphor8. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. -------- tran sferred epithet9. “ Polly? ” he said in a horrified whisper. transferre—epithet10. Back and forth his head swiveled,desire wax in g,resoluti on waning. — an tithesis11. This loomed as a project of no small dime nsions. ------- un derstateme nt,litotes12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.-------- metonymy13. I might as well waste another.Who knew? ------- rhetorical question14. M aybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered. ---- metaphor15. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----- synecdoche,metonymy16. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor17. It was like digging a tunnel. ------ simile18. I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyed hulk. -------- h yperbole1. Here was the very heart of in dustrial America. ------ metaphor2. here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so in tolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced thewhole aspirati on of man to a macabre and depress ing joke. ---- hyperbole, an tithetical,con trast.3. here were huma n habitati ons so abo min able that they would have disgraced a race of alleycats. ---- hyperbole4. what I allude to is the un broke n and agonizing ugli ness,the sheer revolt ing mon strous ness,ofevery house in sight. ----- hyperbole5. one blinks before a man with his face shot away. ------- simile6. a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somehere further down the line. ------ simile7. The country itself is not un comely. ------ litotes,u nderstateme nt8. Obviously, if there were architects of any professi onal sense or dig nity in the regi on ,theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. ----- sarcasm9. on theire low sides they bury themselves swin ishly in the mud. ------ metaphor10. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of a friedegg. ----- ridicule,iro ny11. they have the most loathsome tow ns and villages ever see n by mortal eye. ---- hyperbole12. I award this champi on ship only after laborious research and in vessa ntprayer. ---- sarcasm,ir ony13. Pullman ,I have whirled through the gloomy,Godforsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas,andthe malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. ------ metaphor14. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius ,uncompromisingly inimical toman. ---- hyperbole,iro ny15. Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners-------- dull,insensate brutes,with nolove of beauty in them? ------ m etorical questi on16. It is in credible that mereig norance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror. ----- sarcasm,iro ny17. On certain levels of the American race,indeed,there seems to be a positive libido for theugly,as on other and less Christia n levels there is a libido for the beautiful. ------ an tithesis18. Beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ------ sarcasm19. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. metaphor1. The slightest men ti on of the decade brings no stalgic recollect ions to the middle-aged and curious questi oningsby the young — tran sferred epithet2. we had reached an intern ati onal stature that would forever preve nt us from retreati ng beh ind the artificial wallsof a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering ocea ns—metaphor3. War or no war,as the gen erati ons passed,it became in creas in gly difficult for our young peopleto accept sta ndards of behavior that bore no relati on ship to the bustl ing bus in ess medium in which they were expected to battle for success. —metaphor4. The war acted merely as a catalytic age nt in this breakdow n of the Victoria n social structure—metaphor5. Gree nwich Village set thee patter n. ---- metonymy6. it was only n atural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens in flamed aga instwar,Babbittry,and “ Puritanical ” gemitaiyhor --------------7. the conven ti ons and to add their own little matchsticks to con flagrati on of “ flam ing youthwas Gree nwich Village that fanned the flames.------ metaphor8. Before long the moveme nt had become officially recog ni zed by the pulpit. ------ metaphor9. who had suffered no real disillusi onment or sense of loss ,now bega n to imitate the manners oftheir elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellio n. ------ metaphor10. An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States,writtenby” thirty intellectuals ” under the editorship of J.Harold Stearns,was the rallying point ofsen sitive pers ons disgusted with America. ----- m etaphor11. the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar. ----- pers oni ficati on, met onymy ,syn ecdoche。
高级英语第二册修辞(完整版)
Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across themarket place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turningchair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column,infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic wordssymbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been brokenor even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they livedside by side with each other,did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here andthere, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no needfor one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once ther was afocus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides inconversation.—metaphor, alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of thephrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has beenpassed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplinedby a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permitthe slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, andto which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyburden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and thesuccess of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is littlewe can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended upinside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can dofor your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’sChildren.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being adry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her backto Petey—understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybesomehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson61 As in architecture, so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative andcharacteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen onearth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole, antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were humanhabitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high pitched roof, to throwoff the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it wastall.—sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paintpeeping through the streaks.—metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope orcaring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8 Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa andLansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony10 They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson81 One speaks of ―human relations‖ and one means the most inhuman relations, those betweenalienated automatons; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which hasdriven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson91 In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2 The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3 In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the citystreets, farther and nearer and ever approaching, a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that fromtime to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging ofthe bells.—periodic sentence4 Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, thewisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and thekindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelconstruction5 Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,anddarkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciouslyillicit thrill of the first visit toa speakeasy, of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality, and of the fashionableexperimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty,jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖, and the moral andstylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ andthe ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if notopenly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we hadreached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind theartificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two borderingoceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our youngpeople to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling businessmedium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released theirinhibited violent energies which, after theshooting was over, were turned in both Europe andAmerica to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward theUnited States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerableto many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhancedsomewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlistunder foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naïveté destroyed by the war and now, in sleepyGopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resumethe pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as thenotion that their fighting had ―made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamedagainst war, Babbittry, and ―Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, totear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles anddolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no realdisillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and playwith the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to betterthings, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where ―they dothings better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111 This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time,below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctivefellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2 But there are not may of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they arecertainly not typical English.—metaphor3 Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4 A further necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger andlarger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5 It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between Admass, which hasalready conquered most of the Western world, and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in noposition to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, Deutschmarks and the rest, for publicrelations and advertising campaigns.—personification6 Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencilsketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things. But then while things areimportant, states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7 It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for anoverdraft.—metaphor8 Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the oldharsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood orthought to be out of reach.—metaphor9 Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that isreal between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerialjobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk ofruin.—metaphor10 Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profitand loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11 And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops ofhair.—metonymyLesson121 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discoverythat his props have all beenknocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to themountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2 Tere, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and atypewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which Ihad spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my ―place‖—in theextraordinary drama which is America, I was released from theillusion that I hatedAmerica.—metaphor4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be verycrippling too; and, anyway, a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply wona crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off bynow to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain, snow, taxes orbusinessmen.—simile6 In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, notthe statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131 I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the ablition of capitalpunishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession, including the law. Iam told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific, for rapists andmurderers are really sick people who should be cured, not killed. I am invited to use myimagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2 Under such a law, a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scenepersons who, let us say, neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with theirshoe.—metonymyLesson141 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t existforknowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
—Transferred epithet（移就）
• 5、 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.(P16) • —Synecdoche（提喻）
6、 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.(P18) — Onomatopoeia(拟声)
severe 挤成一团 16. The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" 乞求 17. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, fell down injuring his back. 瘫坐 18. The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine.
高级英语第二册部分修辞
Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simileLesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.---mixed-metaphor or metaphor3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.----metaphor4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the v ividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.-----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelism Lesson51 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry,pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back toPetey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybesomehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphorLesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby.----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.----inversion (倒装)8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind.----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony Lesson101The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, theflask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-storecowboy‖.—transferred epithet2Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we hadreached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two borderingoceans.—metaphor3War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe andAmerica to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreignflags.—metonymy6Their energies had been whipped up and their naiveté destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖ made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art,love,andsensation.—metonymy synecdoche8Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no realdisillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖ they do thingsbe tter.‖—personification ,metonymy, synecdocheLesson121 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all beenknocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2 Therein that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and atypewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my‖ place‖—in theextraordinary drama which is America, I was released from the illusion that I hatedAmerica.—metaphor4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be very cripplingtoo;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off bynow to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simileIn this endeavor to wed the vision of the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphor。
高级英语2修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
马莺歌
Figures of speech
1. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
高英2修辞
高英2--修辞汇总Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seiz ed a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ----6. …the Salvation Army’s canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and s taffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding. -----7. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans. ----8. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor9. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)10. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile11. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就12. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over —elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoeia10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphor4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor/hyperboleThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a —metaphor6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----metaphor11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----metaphor12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----metaphor13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare ----metonymy换喻、转喻15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English sl ips and slides in conversation.—alliteration17. When orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask whatyou can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…---- metaphor12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assi st free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition\metaphor14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesislet every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51.Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)3. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. ----metaphor5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-metaphorSame age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----metaphor6. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻7. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink (眨眼) and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet8. She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. ----9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good. ----metaphor11. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion12. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ----allusionwas not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusionThe time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly—parody"Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)16. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement17. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor18. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche (提喻)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor19. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor20. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor21 I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor22. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor23. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was — ridicule （讽刺）7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphorwhat brick! -----ellipsis (省略)10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole/synecdoche11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony;12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, metaphor14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away. similefew linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- simile22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
L e s s o n11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor暗喻2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile 明喻3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600;00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification拟人5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars—ellipsis 省略7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees; and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth; likea derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth; they sweat and starve for a few years; andthen they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers; like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column; a mile or two miles of armed men; flowing peacefully up theroad; while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction; glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys; no women threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels; wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe; turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly; from the dark holes all round; there was a frenzied rush ofJews; many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards; all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still; a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche 提喻9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long; dusty column; infantry; screw-gun batteries; and then more infantry; four or five thousand men in all; winding up the road with aclumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile; not contemptuous; not sullen; not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy; who is a French citizen and has therefore beendragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrisontowns; actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place; and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks; or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side issimply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.-----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who; although they lived sideby side with each other; did not delve into each other's lives or therecesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who; although they lived side by side with each other; did not delve into; each other’s liv es or therecesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock; and its seedsmultiplied; and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate; the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age;” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase; the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United; there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided; there is little we can do; for we dare not meet a power fullchallenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past; those who foolishly sought powe r by riding the back ofthe tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear; but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression 回环:A-B-C4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so; my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis; regression 回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom;symbolizing an end as well as a beginning; signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place; to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know; whether it wishes us well or i11; that we shallpay any price; bear any burden; meet any hardship; support any friend;oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United; there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided; there is little we can do; for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor; it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboringthose problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy; the faith; the devotion which we bring to this endeavorwill light our country and all who serve it; and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward; with history the finaljudge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read; then; the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic; far from being a dry; pedantic discipline; is a living; breathing thing; full of beauty; passion; and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb; as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays; unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion 倒装4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo; as precise as a chemist's scales; as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain; that precision instrument; slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age; same background; but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that;" I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind; a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll; the campus trysting place; and we sat down under an old oak; and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion 11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned; ----allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein; and my monster had me bythe throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance 半谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled; desire waxing; resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me; or me to Polly —parody16."Your girl;" I said; mincing no words. ----litotes 间接肯定17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes orunderstatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind; a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws; kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly; a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me; and the moon and the stars and theconstellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax 递进26.Look at me--a brilliant student; a tremendous intellectual; a man withan assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head; a jitterbug; a guy who'llnever know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America; the center of its mostlucrative and characteristic activity; the boast and pride of the richest andgrandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous; so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation; almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness; the sheer revolting monstrousness; of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4.…; there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult andlacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives 双否5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards;and there was not one that was not misshapen; and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely; despite the grime of the endlessmills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously; if their were architects of any professional sense or dignityin the region; they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—achalet with a high-pitched roof; to throw off the heavy winter snows; but still essentially a low and clinging building; wider than it was tall.-—ridicule 讽刺8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards; with anarrow; low-pitched roof. ----inversion 倒装9. On their deep sides they are three; four and even five stories high; ontheir low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud.----metaphor10.But what brick -----ellipsis 省略11. …; and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime; with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor 14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring.—ridicule; irony; metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman; I have whirled through the gloomy;God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas; and the malarious tidewater hamlets ofGeorgia.—antonomasia 换称：专有名词指代一般名词 or allusion17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius; uncompromisingly inimical to man; had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making ofthem.—hyperbole; irony18. They like it as it is: beside it; the Parthenon would no doubt offendthem.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory; horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare; leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line.----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it; the Parthenon would no doubt offendthem. ---- antonomasia 换称：专有名词指代一般名词 or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius; uncompromisingly inimical to man; had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making ofthem. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs; it must be obvious; give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche 提喻27. Thus I suspect though confessedly without knowing that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county; and especially the100% Americans among them; actually admire the houses they live in;and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations;those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls;between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees;past great parks and public buildings;processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air;under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets;farther and nearer and ever approaching;a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why;and some do not;but they allunderstand that their happiness;the beauty of their city;the tenderness of their friendships;the health of their children;the wisdom of their scholars;the skill of their makers;even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies;depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed;after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ;and darkness for its eyes;and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy;of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality;and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty;jazzy parties;the flask-toting”sheik”;and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second;in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us fromretreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor 3.War or no war;as the generations passed;it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure;and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which;after the shooting was over;were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916;the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States;and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens;and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt;our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now;in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country;they were being asked to curb those energies and resume thepose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war;it was only natural that hopeful young writers;their minds and pens inflamed againstwar;Babbittry;and”Puritanical”gentility;should flock to the traditional artistic centerwhere living was still cheap in 19to pour out their new-found creative strength;to tear down the old world; to flout ht morality of their grandfathers;and to give all to art;love;and sensation.—metonymy ;synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation;who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry; and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss;now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things;but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar;there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification;metonymy ;synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English;and at the same time;below the noisy arguments;the abuse and the quarrels;there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling;not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men;either on the board or the shop floor;and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand;to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits;is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass; which has already conquered most of the Western world;and Englishness; ailing and impoverished;in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars;francs;Deutschmarks and the rest;for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this;at least superficially; Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world;merelyoffering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important;states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon;and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered;they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools;the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns;and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality;the latest figures of profit and loss;a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true;whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did;I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him;suffered a speciesof breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There; in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished;I must say;from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America;I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant;of course;to imply that it happens to them all;for Europe can be very crippling too;and;anyway;a writer;when he has made his first breakthrough;has simply won a crucial skirmish ina dangerous;unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists;they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain;snow;taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New;it is the writer;not the statesman;who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every whereenlisted able men of every profession;including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific;for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured;not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law;a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who;let us say;neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymy Lesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves;tranquil and luxurious;that shut out the world.—synecdoche;metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞总结
⾼级英语第⼆册修辞总结⾼级英语第⼆册修辞总结Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 T elephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots anda clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairshave been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by sidewith each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moveddesultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slipsand slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up atthe vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,thatthe torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay anyprice,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis 4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of thetiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear tonegotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historicalallusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;askwhat you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in amonth of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was temptedto give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61 As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson81 One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhumanrelations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson 101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of theVictorian social structure,and by precipitations our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after thresh hooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germanytoward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the warand now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe fordemocracy”.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy,synecdoche。
高级英语第二册修辞全集
Lesson21.Are they really the same flesh as youself?—rhetorical question2.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.—alliteration ,metaphor3.Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers,like clouds of flies.—simile4.Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.—irony5.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.—transferred epithet6.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche7.What government service.—rhetorical question8.Long lines of women,bent double like inverted capital Ls,work their way slowly across the fields.—simile9.This kind of thing makes one’s blod boil.——metonymy10.I am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.——understatement11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.——synecdoche12. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men.—simile13.while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——metaphorLesson31.no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sprkles or justglows.——metaphor2.they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.They are like the musketeers ofDumas—simile3.suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place—metaphor4.the glow of the conversation burst into flames——metaphor5.The conversation was on wings.——metaphor6.We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.——metaphor7.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.—simile8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.——metaphor,alliteration9.the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.——metaphor,alliteration10.O therwise one will bind the conversation,one will not let it flow freely here andthere.——metaphor11.W e would never have gone to Australia,or leaped back in time to the NormanConquest.——metaphor.Lesson51.Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month ofSundays,unfettered the informal essay with his m emorable Old China and Dream’sChildren.—metaphor2.There follows an informal essay that entures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.——metaphor3.the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedanticdiscipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,as precise as a chemist’sscales.——hyperbole,simile5.My brain ,that precision instrument,slipped into high gear.——mixed metaphor6.I was out one to let my heart rule my head.——metonymy7.if you were out of the picture,the field woud be open.——metaphor8.I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.——transferred epithet9.“Polly?” he said in a horrified whisper.——transferred epithet10.B ack and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis11.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.——understatement,litotes12.Y ou are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.——metonymy13.I might as well waste another.Who knew?——rhetorical question14.M aybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.——metaphor15.T here is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.——synecdoche,metonymy16.H e has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.——metaphor17.I t was like digging a tunnel.——simile18.I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyed hulk.——hyperbole1.Here was the very heart of industrial America.——metaphor2.here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced thewhole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.——hyperbole, antithetical, contrast.3.here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alleycats.——hyperbole4.what I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness,the sheer revolting monstrousness,ofevery house in sight.——hyperbole5.one blinks before a man with his face shot away.——simile6. a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somehere further down the line.——simile7.The country itself is not uncomely.——litotes,understatement8.Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region,theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides.——sarcasm9.on theire low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud.——metaphor10.W hen it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of a friedegg.——ridicule,irony11.t hey have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.——hyperbole12.I award this championship only after laborious research and invessantprayer.——sarcasm,irony13.P ullman ,I have whirled through the gloomy,Godforsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas,andthe malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.——metaphor14.I t is as if some titanic and aberrant genius ,uncompromisingly inimical toman.——hyperbole,irony15.A re they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners——dull,insensate brutes,with nolove of beauty in them?——metorical question16.I t is incredible that mereignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.——sarcasm,irony17.O n certain levels of the American race,indeed,there seems to be a positive libido for theugly,as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.——antithesis18.B eside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.——sarcasm19.T he effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye.——metaphor1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young—transferred epithet2.we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behindthe artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young peopleto accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure—metaphor5.Greenwich Village set thee pattern.——metonymy6.it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed againstwar,Babbittry,and “Puritanical”gentility.——metaphor7.the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to conflagration of “flaming youth”,itwas Greenwich Village that fanned the flames.——metaphor8.Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit.——metaphor9.who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners oftheir elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.——metaphor10.A n important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States,writtenby”thirty intellectuals”under the editorship of J.Harold Stearns,was the rallying point ofsensitive persons disgusted with America.——metaphor11.t he country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar.——personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理
高级英语第二册修辞Lesson 11The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of t heir thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile7 … there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards,all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foeto assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides joinin creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as wellas a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that …Alliteration13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old Chi na and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s f rontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guidethem during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. M etonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. M etonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. M etonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Lookat Petey --- a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It waslike digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, aspenetrating as a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy7Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor8These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallyingpoint of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andFamilies.... metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for… Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to ahalt and… metaphorLesson 61The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crow ds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet2So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor3Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood — alliteration; metaphor4Tin Pan Alley .— metonymy5New York was never Mecca to me. .— metonymy; metaphor6Nature constantly yields to man in New York .— personification7So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers .—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. .—simile;onomatopoeia8Those paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’t get acting jobs do commercials;those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines — parallelism 9“So what else is new?” .— rhetorical question10The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town .— euphemism 11All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be….. .— metaphor12Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously .—personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town.2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimileand as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmenIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records …accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is America…when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in … unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles…an American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs…to step out of that lukewarm bath…Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称。
高级英语(2)修辞格汇总
simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.4.The conversation was on wings.5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.We can batten down and ride it out9.Wind and rain now whipped the house.mixed metaphor1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.metonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things[mi'tɔnimi] 转喻，借代He met his Waterloo. He likes to read Hemingway. 1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describessynecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekdəki] 提喻He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1.The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines.Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice…3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden7.To assure the survival and the success of libertyassonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis… between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.parallelism –ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace.repetition – repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.3.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one anothertransferred epithet 移就He had some cheerful wine at the party. He ate with a wolfish appetite.a helpless smile a protesting chair a blind haste1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.2.and his choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonder as towhether or not it will cost him all his friends.3.A bound-less and generous contentment, a magnanimous triumph felt not against some outer enemy but in communion with the finest and fairest in the souls of all men everywhere and the splendor of the world's summer4.The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard ofa man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.5.The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes.synesthesia [.sinəs'θi:ʒiə] 通感the music breathing from her face heavy perfume and noisy color 浓郁的香气和刺眼的色彩He gave me a sour look.1.Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.2.One could hear the music winding through the city streets, … bells.exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'pə:bəli] 夸张1.Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs2.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.。
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1。
Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides （Para. 18）2。
Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas （Para。
3）—-descendants of convicts (Para。
7)——Saxon churls （Para。
8)-—Norman conquerors (Para。
8）3。
ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own。
（Para. 3）4。
Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows。
(Para。
2)2。
They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para。
3）3。
Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para。
4）4。
The glow of the conversation burst into flames. （Para. 6）5. The conversation was on wings。
（Para. 8）6。
We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. （Para. 11）7。
The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock，and its seeds multiplied，and floated to the ends of the earth。
高级英语(2)修辞格汇总
simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.4.The conversation was on wings.5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.We can batten down and ride it out9.Wind and rain now whipped the house.mixed metaphor1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.metonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things[mi'tɔnimi] 转喻，借代He met his Waterloo. He likes to read Hemingway. 1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describessynecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekdəki] 提喻He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1.The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines.Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice…3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden7.To assure the survival and the success of libertyassonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis… between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.parallelism –ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace.repetition – repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.3.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one anothertransferred epithet 移就He had some cheerful wine at the party. He ate with a wolfish appetite.a helpless smile a protesting chair a blind haste1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.2.and his choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonder as towhether or not it will cost him all his friends.3.A bound-less and generous contentment, a magnanimous triumph felt not against some outer enemy but in communion with the finest and fairest in the souls of all men everywhere and the splendor of the world's summer4.The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard ofa man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.5.The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes.synesthesia [.sinəs'θi:ʒiə] 通感the music breathing from her face heavy perfume and noisy color 浓郁的香气和刺眼的色彩He gave me a sour look.1.Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.2.One could hear the music winding through the city streets, … bells.exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'pə:bəli] 夸张1.Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs2.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.。
高英二中的修辞手法
修辞手法(figure of speech)是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。
恰当地使用修辞手段，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。
常用的修辞手法有：明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、拟人(Personification)、夸张(Exaggeration)、平行法(Parallelism)、头韵(Alliteration)、对比(Contrast)、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)、双关(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。
对于高中生来说，最好能通过例句，结合具体的语境，体会修辞的表达效果。
同时，要求学会欣赏并能模仿造句。
01Simile 明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
如：★The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。
★The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
★The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。
★ His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。
★ Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。
认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
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高级英语第二册修辞汇总1. It is easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. (antithesis)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile)3. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (transferred epithet)4. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (synecdoche)5. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (simile)6. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center. (metonymy)7. The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (antithesis)9. But we shall not always expect … to remember that, in the past, those wh o foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.(metaphor)10. Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)11. Greenwich Village set the pattern.(metonymy)12. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth century warfare. (metaphor)13. The hurricane tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. (personification)14. The hurricane seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 miles away. (personification)15. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. (simile)16. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)17. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (antithesis)18. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (metaphor)19. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war. (synecdoche)20. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (transferred epithet)21. …, an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. (simile)22. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young. (transferred epithet)23. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile)24. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (alliteration & simile)25. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (metaphor)26. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (antithesis)27. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (metaphor)28. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. (metaphor)29. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (personification)30. …, and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the ro ads. (simile)31. …, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. (onomatopoeia)32. No one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (metaphor)33. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, ...(alliteration)34. that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, ...(parallelism)35. One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (synecdoche)36. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (simile & hyperbole)37. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (metaphor)38. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it). (metonymy)39. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (antithesis)40. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free government in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition)常见成语汉译英1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throwa sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined tofight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass.62.水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man。