新概念英语第二册笔记 第88课

实用标准
文档大全Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里
【Text】
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 【课文翻译】
6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。

如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。

然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。

如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。

因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。

他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。

如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。

实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。

与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。

虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。

他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。

如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。

New words and expressions 生词和短语
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境surface n. 地面，表面
explosive n. 炸药vibration n. 震动
collapse v. 坍塌drill v. 钻孔
capsule n. 容器layer n. 层、层次
beneath prep. 在......之下lower v. 放下，降低
progress v. 进展，进行smoothly adv. 顺利地
实用标准
文档大全
【生词讲解】
1. trap
1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境
eg：He was trapped in the game preserve.
他被困在禁猎区。

in the game preserve 在禁猎区
eg: Help! I'm trapped.Open the door!
救命啊，我出不来了。

开门！
eg: They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在着火的旅馆里。

2）v. 将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗（某人）
trap sb into doing 诱使某人做某事
eg：They trapped her into marring him.
他们又骗她嫁给了他。

eg：I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.
我中计了，把所有知道的一切全告诉了警察
3）n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱
a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱
set a trap for mouse ＝set a mousetrap 设（陷阱）；张（罗网）；扬（帆），钩住
4）n. 诡计、圈套、策略
eg：He fell into a trap.
他掉进了陷阱
2. surface
1）n. 地面，表面
a smooth surface 光滑的表面
2）n. 外表、外观
look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面
on the surface 表面上的、外观上的
实用标准
文档大全friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊
eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then.
那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。

3）adj. 外表的
surface differences 表面上的差异；
surface kindness 表面上的好心
短语：
surface mail 陆（水）路邮件、普通邮件（相反的airmail）send a letter by surface mail 寄普通邮件
3. explosive
1）n. 炸药
high explosive 强力炸药
2）adj. 爆发的、爆发性的
an explosive substance 爆炸物
explosion n.
1）爆发、爆裂、爆炸声
a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸
2）爆发an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声
explode v.
1）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件
eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle .
热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。

2）（因生气、笑等）使（感情）爆发、（感情）爆发
eg：He exploded in anger.
勃然大怒
eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy.
看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。

＊jealousy [?d?el?si] n.妒忌；猜忌
4. vibration n. 震动
实用标准
文档大全the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的振动。

vibrate
1）v. 振动、摇动
eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger.
他气到双肩颤动。

2）v. 受……而感动，（心）颤动、惊动
eg：My heart vibrated to the soulful painting.
那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。

5. collapse
1）v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩溃
eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
雪把房顶压塌了.
eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge.
大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。

2）v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败
eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .
因为资金短缺，我们的计划挫败。

3）v. 折迭、可折迭
eg：This table collapses, so I can store it easily .
这种桌子可以折迭,不用时很容易收藏。

collapse a tent 把帐篷折迭起来
6. drill
1）v. 钻孔
drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻个洞
drill a tooth 钻牙齿
2）v. 训练（某人），反复练习、接受训练
drill troops 练兵
drill in English pronunciation 英语发音练习
实用标准
文档大全3）n. 锥子、钻孔机an electric drill 电钻make a hole with a drill 用钻打洞
4）n. 训练、演练、演习 a fire drill 消防演习
drill in English words 英文单字反复练习
7. capsule n. 容器、胶囊
eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time.
他一下吃了两粒胶囊。

medicine ：
pill [pil] 药丸、powder [?paud?] 药粉、
tablet [?t?blit] 药片、capsule [?k?psju:l] 胶囊
8. layer
1）n. 层、一层
a layer of clay 一层泥＊clay [klei] n.粘土，泥土
a cake with two layers 两层蛋
2）置放者、砌……的人（通常构成复合词）
a bricklayer 泥瓦匠
3）下蛋的鸡
a good layer 常下蛋的鸡←→a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡
9. beneath
1）prep. 在......之下
（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under）eg：Let's take a rest beneath the tree.
让我们在树下休息。

eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft.
我脚下的土地松软。

2）（地位、价值）较…….差的，较……不值的的
eg：His work is beneath contempt.
他的行为使人不屑一顾
实用标准
文档大全eg：Such words are beneath you.
说这些话有些失你身份。

10. lower
1）v. 放低（高度、位置），降低
eg：She lowered her eyes.
他垂下眼睛。

lower a flag 降旗；lower the sails 降帆
lower the water in the canal 降低运河中的水位
2）v. 降低（价格、数量、程度、声音等）
lower the rent of a house 降低房租；lower one's voice 压低声音
the Lower House （两院治的）下议院
the House of Representatives （美）众议院
the House of Commons （英）下议院
the Upper House 上议院
11. progress
1）[?pr??gres] v. 进展，进行
eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work
我们现在工作进展顺利。

2）v. 进步、上进
eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics.
你在数学上进步迅速。

1）n. [?pr?ugres] 前进、进行
make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前进。

make slow progress toward the destination朝目的地缓慢前进。

2）n. 进步the progress of medicine 医药的进步
12. smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地
go smoothly 进展顺利
实用标准
文档大全eg：The escalator didn't operate smoothly.
自动扶梯没有顺利运作
＊escalator [?esk?leit?] n.自动扶梯
＊operate [??p?reit] vi.运转；动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营
smooth
1）adj. 平滑的、顺利的（反义词rough）
a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤；a smooth road 顺畅的道路
eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible. 他的努力使该法案得以顺利通过。

2）adj. 口齿伶俐的 a smooth talker 一个能说会道的人
3）adj. 温和的
eg：He is smooth in his manners. 他举止彬彬有礼。

4）v. 使平滑（坦）
smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布
eg：Don't forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .
在刷油漆之前别忘了把木料打磨光滑。

【课文讲解】
1. Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. ※be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井
2）mine 矿井，巷道，水雷
a mine of information about/on sb/sth 知识的宝库；信息的源泉
eg: My grandmother is a mine of information about our family's history
我的祖母是我们家史的资料库。

a gold mine 金矿；work in a mine 在矿场工作
2. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.
※be brought to the surface 救到地面上来
lose one's life 丧生
save one's life救命
实用标准
文档大全3. However, rescue operations are proving difficult.
※rescue
1）v.（从危险等）救出
rescue……from
eg：They rescued a boy from drowning.
救了那个落水男孩。

eg：The firemen rescued a baby from the brining house.
消防队员从着火的房屋里救出一名婴儿。

2）n. 救助go to one's rescue 去营救某人
※prove v. 证明、显示出
prove + adj. eg：It proves difficult . prove + to be eg：It proves to be dfifficult .
prove that eg：It proves that it is difficult . 这证明，它是困难的4. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine
to collapse.
※真实条件句（主将从现）-详情请见Special Difficulty
5. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
※on the north side of the mine 在矿井北侧
on both sides of the street 在街道两边
on the other side of the square 在广场的另一侧
※therefore 表示“因此”、“所以”等。

它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。

so 表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：
eg: The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive. 这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。

eg: His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car. 他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。

eg：His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car. （译文同上，therefore 前后都可以有逗号，so 后面通常不用逗号）
We arrived early, so we got good seats. 我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。

（so 表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前）
实用标准
文档大全
6.They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. ※intend to do 打算做某事
intend sb to do 打算让某人做某事
eg：He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年到国外留学。

eg：He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算让他儿子经营该公司。

※bring up
1）养育、培育、教育
eg：She's brought up three children.
她一个人养大了三个孩子。

a well-brought up child 有教养的孩子←→a badly-brought up child 没有教养的孩子
2）提出话题
eg：His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting . 他在会议上提出新的建议。

7. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have
completed the job in a few hours.
※非真实条件句(虚拟语气) -详情请见Special Difficulty
8. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. ※as it is 实际上
in fact ＝as a matter of fact 实际上，其实
eg: I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
我以为他们会帮助我们。

实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。

eg: I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do so until next Monday.
我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。

a long way to go （本文中）离钻透还早着呢
You still have a long way to go if you wanna marry Susan. three months to go 还有三个月
实用标准
文档大全9. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has
enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
※enable sb to do 使某人做
eg: The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want .
新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。

※keep in touch with 与…保持联系
eg：He still keeps in touch with his old friends.
他依然与他的老朋友保持联系。

←→out of touch失去联系
eg：I'm out of touch with economic conditions now.
我不了解现阶段的经济状况。

a near touch（a close call）千钧一发
※closest relatives ＝immediate relatives 直系亲属
10. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident
that they will get out soon.
※run out of 耗尽（use up）
run after （chase）
eg：A crowed of boys ran after the beggar. 一群男孩追赶着乞丐。

run over 撞倒
eg：That boy was nearly run over by a car. ＝The car nearly hit him.
小男孩差一点儿被汽车轧了。

run in（新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转、磨合试车
eg：Don't drive so fast. This car hasn't been run in yet.
＝The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine .
别开得这么快这辆车还没有试车。

run into 偶遇
run across / meet with / come across / meet by chance / meet by accident
eg：I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden.
我在瑞典时偶遇Helga。

实用标准
文档大全※cheerful兴高采烈的，精神振奋的
eg: You are very cheerful today. 你今天很快活。

※confident in doing sth.有信心做....... confident of sth确信......
11. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. ※非真实条件句
※drill through 钻透
lose heart 失望＝lose one's nerve
eg: The teacher told her students not to lose heart even if they didn't pass the exam.
那个老师告诉她的学生即使他们没通过考试也不要灰心。

lose one's heart 丧失某人信心
【关键词组摘录】
1. be trapped in
2. lose one's life
3. prove difficult
4. drill a hole
5. on the north side of
6. intend to do sth
【
详解例句
Key structures & Special Difficulties】
真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气)
英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。

一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。

真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。

例如：
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【详解】
条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由if来引导，作“如果……，那么……”讲。

7. bring sb up 8. a long way to go 9. enable sb to do sth 10. keep in
实用标准
文档大全
注：当连词if作“是否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。

【中考链接】
( ) 1. —I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010山东莱芜）—Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy.
A. If
B. Until
C. Unless
D. Before
( ) 2. I don't know if it ______ tomorrow. If it ______, we won't go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains
B. will rain; rains
C. will rain; will rain
( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _______ we don't protect the earth. （2010上海）
A. until
B. before
C. though
D. if
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. We will stay at home if my aunt ______ to visit us tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming ( ) 2. —Do you know if he ______ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is
D. will come; will be
( ) 3. You will keep healthy ______ you do more exercise, such as running and swimming. A. if B. how C. before D. where
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

4. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。

We will go to the zoo ______ ______ ______ ______ tomorrow.
5. 如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。

______ ______ ______ ______ ______, let's go to play chess.
6. 如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。

If everyone protects the environment, the world ______ ______ ______ ______.
二、非真实条件句: 也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。

主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。

在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。

其具体形式如下：
时间概念条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词
与现在事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+do
与过去事实相反had done/been would(could/should/might)+have
done
实用标准
文档大全与将来事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+ do
should dwere to do
注意：
1. 上述主句的谓语中，would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性，should主要用
第一人称后。

2. 条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语是单数还是复数通常用were。

例如：
If he were here now, we could ask him about it. (与现在事实相反)
3. 混合条件句。

当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

例如：
If he had followed the doctor's advice then, he would be quite all right now.
（从句表示过去时间，主句表示现在时间）
4. (省if )倒装的虚拟条件句。

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，把were, should或had 移到从句主语前形成倒装。

例如：
Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.
5. If it weren't for…和If it hadn't been for…是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，其意为“若不是（有），要不是有”。

前者谈论现在的情况，后者谈论过去的情况。

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. —What will you do if it _________ (rain) tomorrow? —We have to carry it on, since we've got everything ready.
2. She told me that she would not go with me if it _________ (rain) the next day.
3. If I _________ (be) you, I would plant some trees round the house.
4. If I had been you then, I _________ (not quarrel) with him.
5. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _________ (not be) so serious.
二、选择填空
1. —John went to the hospital alone.
—If he _________ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
2. If we _________ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
3. If he _________ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
4. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _________. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved
D. was saved
5. _________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
实用标准
文档大全C. Had it not been D. If they were not 6. —The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _________. A. wouldn't die B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
补充：状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）指用作状语起副词作用的句子。

根据其作用可
英语中常见状语从句的分类及常用的引导词：
【例句观察】
When I came into the room, my brother was playing on the computer.
我进到屋里的时候，弟弟在玩电脑。

Since you are in China, you must obey the Chinese law.
因为你在中国，所以你必须要遵守中国的法律。

The old man was so excited that he could not say a word.
老人激动得一句话也说不出来了。

Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
请你说清楚点，以便大家都能明白。

You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你保持这本书清洁，你就可以借。

He went out even if it was raining hard.
尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。

【温馨提示】
★在时间和条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

如：
Jenny will go with them if she is invited. 如果被邀请，詹妮就会和他们一起去。

★原因和让步状语从句的连词在汉语翻译中经常是成对出现的，即“因为……所以……”、“虽然……但是……”，而在英语中，这种关联词不可成对出现，只能用其一。

I didn't catch the bus because I got up late. 因为我起晚了，所以没赶上公车。

【巩固练习】
( ) 1. —Tomorrow is Father's Day. What will you do for your father?
—I will say “I love you, Dad”as soon as he up.
A. will stand
B. is waking
C. wakes
D. stand
( ) 2. My brother will work in another factory the company offers him more money.
A. after
B. when
C. unless
D. besides
( ) 3. The old man always enjoys swimming _______ it is cold.
实用标准
文档大全A. so B. but C. because D. though
( ) 4. —Why were you late for school this morning?
—______ I missed the first bus.
A. Because
B. When
C. If
D. As
( ) 5. I was______ happy______ I couldn't even fall asleep.
A. such; that
B. much; that
C. too; that
D. so; that
一、【中考链接】1-3 ABD
【巩固练习】1-3 BCA 4. if it doesn't rain
5. If you finish your homework
6. will become more beautiful 二、Key: 1. rains 2. rained 3. were 4. shouldn't have quarrelled 5. wouldn't be
三、Key：1-5 CCDAD
Exercise：
1.They have been trapped for seventeen hours . They tried to come up seventeen hours b . a. since b. ago c. for d. since then
2. Vibrations will cause the roof to collapse . They will a collapse. a. make it b. make it to
c. do it to
d. do it
3. They are running out of food . They c . a. have none b. have s lot
c. haven't much
d. can't eat it
4. One day I a a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college .
a. came across 偶然遇见
b. came about v. 发生(转身, 改变方向)
c. came after 跟在后面
d. came at v. 达到(袭击, 弄清)。