机械工程专业外文解析翻译解析
机械工程专业英语课翻译
Unit1Two methods of designating limit dimensions are considered as standard.One method is the maximum material method in which the large dimension is placed above the smaller dimension for male parts, and the reverse is true for female parts.This method is well suited for small lot quantities because it is likely that the machinist himself may check the dimension of the parts .In so doing he will be verifying initially the large dimension of the male parts and the smaller dimension of the female part.other method is the maximum number method and is preferred by production and quality control departments .In this method of designating a dimension , the large number is always placed above the smaller number ,regardless of whether the part is male or female.两种方法都被看作是指定极限尺寸标准。
一种方法是最大的资料法,大尺寸较小的尺寸摆在上面男性部件,事实正相反对女性的部分。
机械工程外文翻译(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)
Mechanical engineering1.The porfile of mechanical engineeringEngingeering is a branch of mechanical engineerig,itstudies mechanical and power generation especially power and movement.2.The history of mechanical engineering18th century later periods,the steam engine invention hasprovided a main power fountainhead for the industrialrevolution,enormously impelled each kind of mechznicalbiting.Thus,an important branch of a newEngineering –separated from the civil engineering tools andmachines on the branch-developed together with Birmingham andthe establishment of the Associantion of Mechanical Engineersin 1847 had been officially recognized.The mechanicalengineering already mainly used in by trial and error methodmechanic application technological development into professional engineer the scientific method of which in theresearch,the design and the realm of production used .From themost broad perspective,thedemend continuously to enhance theefficiencey of mechanical engineers improve the quality of work,and asked him to accept the history of the high degreeof education and training.Machine operation to stress not only economic but also infrastructure costs to an absolute minimun.3.The field of mechanical engineeringThe commodity machinery development in the develop country,in the high level material life very great degree is decided each kind of which can realize in the mechanical engineering.Mechanical engineers unceasingly will invent the machine next life to produce the commodity,unceasingly will develop the accuracy and the complexity more and more high machine tools produces the machine.The main clues of the mechanical development is:In order to enhance the excellent in quality and reasonable in price produce to increase the precision as well as to reduce the production cost.This three requirements promoted the complex control system development.The most successful machine manufacture is its machine and the control system close fusion,whether such control system is essentially mechanical or electronic.The modernized car engin production transmission line(conveyer belt)is a series of complex productions craft mechanization very good example.The people are in the process of development in order to enable further automation of the production machinery ,the use of a computer to store and handle largevolumes of data,the data is a multifunctional machine tools necessary for the production of spare parts.One of the objectives is to fully automated production workshop,threerotation,but only one officer per day to operate.The development of production for mechanical machinery must have adequate power supply.Steam engine first provided the heat to generate power using practical methods in the old human,wind and hydropower,an increase of engin .New mechanical engineering industry is one of the challenges faced by the initial increase thermal effciency and power,which is as big steam turbine and the development of joint steam boilers basically achieved.20th century,turbine generators to provide impetus has been sustained and rapid growth,while thermal efficiency is steady growth,and large power plants per kW capital consumption is also declining.Finally,mechanical engineers have nuclear energy.This requires the application of nuclear energy particularly high reliability and security, which requires solving many new rge power plants and the nuclear power plant control systems have become highly complex electroonics,fluid,electricity,water and mechanical parts networks All in all areas related to the mechanical engineers.Small internal combustion engine,both to the type(petrol and diesel machines)or rotary-type(gas turbines and Mong Kerr machine),as well as their broad application in the field of transport should also due to mechanical enginerrs.Throughout the transport,both in the air and space,or in the terrestrial and marine,mechanial engineers created a variety of equipment and power devices to their increasing cooperation with electrical engineers,especially in the development of appropration control systems.Mechanical engineers in the development of military weapons technology and civil war ,needs a similar,though its purpose is to enhance rather than destroy their productivity.However.War needs a lot of resources to make the area of techonlogy,many have a far-reaching development in peacetime efficiency.Jet aircraft and nuclear reactors are well known examples.The Biological engineering,mechanical engineering biotechnology is a relatively new and different areas,it provides for the replacement of the machine or increase the body functions as well as for medical equipment.Artficial limbs have been developed and have such a strong movement and touch response function of the human body.In the development of artificial organ transplant is rapid,complex cardiac machines and similar equipment to enable increasingly complexsurgery,and injuries and ill patients life functions can be sustained.Someenviromental control mechanical engineers through the initial efforts to drainage or irrigation pumping to the land and to mine and ventilation to control the human environment.Modern refrigeration and air-conditioning plant commonaly used reverse heat engine,where the heat from the engine from cold places to more external heat.Many mechanical engineering products,as well as other leading technology development city have side effects on the environment,producingnoise,water and air pollution caused,destroyed land and landscape.Improve productivity and diver too fast in the commodity,that the renewable natural forces keep pace.For mechanical engineers and others,environmental control is rapidly developing area,which includes a possible development and production of small quantities of pollutants machine sequnce,and the development of new equipment and teachnology has been to reduce and eliminate pollution.4.The role of mechanical engineeringThere are four generic mechanical engineers in common to the above all domains function.The 1st function is the understanding and the research mechanical sciencefoundation.It includes the power and movement of the relationship dynamics For example,in the vibration and movement of the relationship;Automaticcontrol;Study of the various forms of heart,energy,power relations between the thermodynamic;Fluidflows; Heat transfer; Lubricant;And material properties.The 2nd function will be conducts the research,thedesing and the development,this function in turn attempts to carry on the essential change to satisfy current and the future needs.This not only calls for a clear understanding of mechanical science,and have to break down into basic elements of a complex system capacity.But also the need for synthetic and innovative inventions.The 3rd function is produces the product and the power,includeplan,operation and maintenance.Its goal lies in the maintenance either enhances the enterprise or the organization longer-tern and survivabilaty prestige at the same time,produces the greatest value by the least investments and the consumption.The 4th function is mechanical engineer’s coordinated function,including the management,theconsultation,as well as carries on the market marking in certain situation.In all these function,one kind unceasingly to use thescience for a long time the method,but is not traditional or the intuition method tendency,this is a mechanical engineering skill aspect which unceasingly grows.These new rationalization means typical names include:The operations research,the engineering economics,the logical law problem analysis(is called PABLA) However,creativity is not rationalization.As in other areas,in mechanicalengineering, to take unexpected and important way to bring about a new capacity,still has a personal,markedcharacteristice.5.The design of mechanical engineeringThe design of mechanical is the design has the mechanical property the thing or the system,suchas:the instrument and the measuring appliance in very many situations,the machine design must use the knowledge of discipline the and so on mathematics,materials science and mechanics.Mechanical engineering desginincludeing all mechanical desgin,but it was a study,because it also includes all the branches of mechsnicalengineering,such as thermodynamics all hydrodynamics in the basic disciplines needed,in the mechanical engineering design of the initial stude or mechanical design.Designstages.The entire desgin process from start to finish,in the process,a demand that is designed forit and decided to do the start.After a lot of repetition,the final meet this demand by the end of the design procees and the plan.Designconsiderations.Sometimes in a system is to decide which parts needs intensity parts of geometric shapes and size an important factor in this context that we must consider that the intensity is an important factor in the design.When we use expression design considerations,we design parts that may affect the entire system design features.In the circumstances specified in the design,usually for a series of such functions must be taken into account.Howeever,to correct purposes,we should recognize that,in many cases the design of important design considerations are not calculated or test can determine the components or systems.Especiallystudents,wheen in need to make important decisions in the design and conduct of any operation that can not be the case,they are often confused.These are not special,they occur every day,imagine,forexample,a medical laboratory in the mechanical design,from marketing perspective,people have high expectations from the strength and relevance of impression.Thick,and heavy parts installed together:to produce a solid impression machines.And sometimes machinery and spare parts from the design style is the point and not theother point of view.Our purpose is to make those you do not be misled to believe that every design decision will need reasonable mathematical methods.Manufacturing refers to the raw meterials into finished products in the enterprise.Create three distinct phases.Theyare:input,processingexprot.The first phase includes the production of all products in line with market needs essential.First there must be the demand for the product,the necessary materials,while also needs such as energy,time,human knowledge and technology resourcess . Finall,the need for funds to obtain all the other resources. Lose one stage after the second phase of the resources of the processes to be distributed.Processing of raw materials into finished products of these processes.To complete the design,based on the design,and then develop plans.Plan implemented through various production processes.Management of resources and processes to ensure efficiency and productivity.Forexample,we must carefully manage resources to ensure proper use of funds.Finally,people are talking about the product market was cast.Stage is the final stage of exporting finished or stage.Once finished just purchased,it must be delivered to the users.According to productperformance,installation and may have to conduct further debugging in addition,someproducts,especially those very complex products User training is necessary.6.The processes of materials and maunfacturingHere said engineering materials into two main categories:metals and non-ferrous,high-performance alloys and power metals.Non-metallic futher divided into plastice,syntheticrubber,composite materials and ceramics.It said the production proccess is divided into several major process,includingshape,forging,casting/founding,heattreatment,fixed/connections ,measurement/ quality control and materalcutting.These processes can be further divide into each other’s craft.Various stages of the development of the manufacturing industry Over the years,the manufacturing process has four distinct stages of development, despite the overlap.These stages are:The first phase is artisanal,the second Phase is mechanization.The third phase is automation the forth Phase is integrated.When mankind initial processing of raw materials into finished products will be,they use manual processes.Each with their hands and what are the tools manusllyproduced.This is totally integrated production take shape.A person needsindentification,collectionmaterials,the design of a product to meet that demand,the production of such products and use it.From beginning to end,everything is focused on doing the work of the human ter in the industrial revolution introduced mechanized production process,people began to use machines to complete the work accomplished previously manual. This led to the specialization.Specialization in turn reduce the manufacture of integrated factors.In this stage of development,manufacturing workers can see their production as a whole represent a specific piece of the part of the production process.Onecan not say that their work is how to cope with the entire production process,or how they were loaded onto a production of parts finished.Development of manufacting processes is the next phase of the selection process automation.This is a computer-controlled machinery and processes.At this stage,automation island began to emerge in the workshop lane.Each island represents a clear production process or a group of processes.Although these automated isolated island within the island did raise the productivity of indivdualprocesses,but the overall productivity are often not change.This is because the island is not caught in other automated production process middle,but not synchronous withthem .The ultimate result is the efficient working fast parked through automated processes,but is part of the stagnation in wages down,causingbottlenecks.To better understand this problem,you can imagine the traffic in the peak driving a red light from the red Service Department to the next scene. Occasionally you will find a lot less cars,more than being slow-moving vehicles,but the results can be found by the next red light Brance.In short you real effect was to accelerate the speed of a red Department obstruction offset.If you and other drivers can change your speed and red light simultaneously.Will advance faster.Then,all cars will be consistent,sommthoperation,the final everyone forward faster.In the workshop where the demand for stable synchronization of streamlined production,and promoted integration of manufacturing development.This is a still evolving technology.Fully integrated in the circumstances,is a computer-controllrd machinery and processing.integrated is completed through computer.For example in the preceding paragraph simulation problems,the computer will allow all road vehicles compatible with the change in red.So that everyone can steady traffic.Scientific analysis of movement,timing and mechanics ofthe disciplines is that it is composed of two pater:statics and dynamics.Statics analyzed static system that is in the system,the time is not taken into account,research and analysis over time and dynamics of the system change.Dynameics from the two componets.Euler in 1775 will be the first time two different branches: Rigid body movement studies can conveniently divided into two parts:geometric and mechanics.The first part is without taking into account the reasons for the downward movement study rigid body from a designated location to another point of the movement,and must use the formula to reflect the actual,the formula would determine the rigid body every point position. Therefore,this study only on the geometry and,morespecifically,on the entities from excision.Obviously,the first part of the school and was part of a mechanical separation from the principles of dynamics to study movement,which is more than the two parts together into a lot easier.Dynamics of the two parts are subsequently divided into two separate disciplines,kinematic and dynamics,a study of movement and the movement strength.Therefore,the primary issue is the design of mechanical systems understand its kinematic.Kinematic studies movement,rather than a study ofits impact.In a more precise kinematic studies position,displacement,rotation, speed,velocity and acceleration of disciplines,foresample,or planets orbiting research campaing is a paradigm.In the above quotation content should be pay attention that the content of the Euler dynamics into kinematic and rigid body dynamics is based on the assumption that they are based on research.In this very important basis to allow for the treatment of two separate disciplines.For soft body,soft body shape and even their own soft objects in the campaign depends on the role of power in their possession.In such cases,should also study the power and movement,and therefore to a large extent the analysis of the increased complexity.Fortunately, despite the real machine parts may be involved are more or less the design of machines,usually with heavy material designed to bend down to the lowest parts.Therefore,when the kinematic analysis of the performance of machines,it is often assumed that bend is negligible,spare parts are hard,but when the load is known,in the end analysis engine,re-engineering parts to confirm this assnmption.机械工程1.机械工程简介机械工程是工程学的一个分支，它研究机械和动力的产，尤其是力和动力。
机械专业英语翻译解读
传感技术在装配系统中应用1、说明在现代市场需求及越来越多可用的自动化装置和机器人的推动下，一种新型的装配系统在去年应运而生。
在两篇关键性的文献中（41，80），描述了这种在全球化推动下产生的装配系统从1980年以前典型的专一装配机器到应用了机器人和灵活伺服机构的可改装系统的演变。
它还指出一种理想的装配系统应该具有较高的生产效率、良好的灵活性和机敏性。
后两点说明在传统的收工装配车间中也非常容易实现，且仍然在各个领域和各个国家占有重要的低位，但是在高自动化系统中却较难实现。
在特殊的灵巧性装配工作中，i.e人们喜欢由装配机器人来完成装配工作。
因此，在工业应用中要求具有可靠高效的感知反馈环节。
所以，不论在开发新型装配车间的思想中还是对现有转配车间的自动化改造中和解决最近产生的装配问题中，无不体现了传感器的重要性。
传感器在装配工作中的重要性远比监视机械工具的重要性大，一般的传感器在装配车间经常具有广泛的应用，甚至比在高自动化的机械系统中的应用更加频繁。
这是因为在装配操作比一般其它操作都难，经常产生或要求复杂的运动。
另外，即使是装配机器人在已规划的工作环境中操作，像工件的形位误差、未知的工件位置等可变因素也经常影响装配进程。
而且，装配任务的品质要求使其包含自动检测环节成为必要。
适当传感器的安装也适用于像工业机器人、可操作的气动伺服装置等具有较低的位置精度和顺向的经济优势的标准的机械。
传感器的另一种优势表现在具体的操作过程阶段。
事实上，相同的传感器可以被用于对简单、快速的操作和轨道插入的过程控制，自从传感器自身可以在操作阶段提供正确路径所必须的信息，一种高位置精度的末端机构不再需要经历自学习阶段。
另外，自从传感器能够补偿计算机辅助设计的收搜索精度时，使得线下操作过程更加容易和有效。
自从传感器的重要性在1978年的一篇主旨性文章中（149）被强调以后，装配系统的变革是显著的，很多工厂开始在他们的装配车间使用传感器，在传感技术的影响下机器人的研究也创造出了很多效益各种新型的传感器，各种新型的传感器也已经投入到了市场。
机械工程专业英语第二版必考翻译(完整版)
机械工程专业英语第二版必考翻译(完整版)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：1.With low-power machinery or vehicles the operator can usually apply sufficient force through a simple mechanical linkage from the pedle or handle to the stationary part of the brake. In many cases, however, this force must be multiplied by using an elaborate braking system.（P5）用低能机器或传力工具，操作者通过向踏板或把手的一个简单机械连接构件作用足够的力量到车闸固定的部分。
大多数情况，然而，用一个详细（复杂）的车闸系统使这个力量成倍增加。
2. The fundamental principle involved is the use of compressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the wheels. The action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the train. The compressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars; its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer. (Braking Systems)（P5）相关的基本原理是使用压缩气体，通过气缸内的活塞将闸块压在车轮起作用。
机械专业英语短文带翻译
机械工程师的关键责任之一是设计与分析机械系统。这涉及使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件创建系统的详细三维模型，并在不同条件下模拟其性能。通过分析作用于系统组件的力、应力和振动，机械工程师可以优化设计，确保安全、可靠和高效。
Case Study: Designing an Automotive Suspension System
案例研究：汽车悬挂系统设计
例如，让我们考虑一下汽车悬挂系统的设计。悬挂系统负责在保持车辆稳定控制的同时提供平稳的行驶。机械工程师使用CAD软件设计悬挂系统的各个组件，例如弹簧、减振器和控制臂。
在完成初始设计后，工程师将使用有限元分析（FEA）软件对系统进行分析。这样可以模拟系统在不同的道路条件下（如坑洼或减速带）的行为。通过分析组件中的应力和位移，工程师可以确定潜在的设计问题，并进行必要的修改，以改善悬挂系统的性能和安全性。
For example, let's consider the design of an automotive suspension system. A suspension system is responsible for providing a smooth ride while maintaining the stability and control of the vehicle. A mechanical engineer would use CAD software to design the various components of the suspension system, such as the springs, dampers, and control arms.
After the initial design is complete, the engineer would then analyze the system using finite element analysis (FEA) software. This allows them to simulate the behavior of the system under different road conditions, such as potholes or speed bumps. By analyzing the stresses and displacements in the components, the engineer can identify potential design issues and make necessary modifications to improve the performance and safety of the suspension system.
机械工程专业英语的某些单词和句子翻译
英译汉1.tolerance公差 puter-aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造 3.numerically controlled machines数控机床 4.necking颈缩 5.turning，drilling and boring operation 6.formability and machinability成形与可加工性 7.assembly lines装配线 8.dimensional accuracy尺寸精度 9.cross-sectional area横截面积 10.percentage elongation伸长率 11.structural strength结构强度 12.stress-strain curver应力应变曲淬火和内应力 14.earthmoving and construction equipment线 13.quenching and internal stresses土建设备 15.straightening operation 16.cracking and distortoon断裂和扭曲变形 17.light service at fractional horsepower小马力轻载 18.screw pump螺杆泵 19.steel sheet and rolled-steel shapes钢板和滚压成型钢 20.straightening operation矫正操作 21.sensing devices 传感器 21.digital or pulse motor数字与脉冲马达 22.drilling钻 boring齿轮加工镗 reaming铰 gear-cutting operations齿轮加工汉译英1.切削刀具cutting tools 2.紧固件，如螺母fasteners such as nuts 3.刚和铸铁steels and cast irons 4.马氏体和奥氏体martensite and autenite 5.机械特性mechanical properties puter-aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造 7.数控系统numerically controlled systems 8.大批量生产技术mass production techology 9.控制单元control units 10.靠模附件profiling attachment 11.弹性模量和伸长率elastic modulus and percentage elongation 12.规模经济economy of scale 13.闭环系统close-loop system 14.有色金属non-ferrous 15.液压系统hydraulic system 16.弹性和屈服极限elastic and yield limit 17.龙门刨工作台低碳钢和合金钢low-carbon steel and alloy steel 18.pianner-table 短句：1、low carbon steels do not become hard when subjected to such a heat treatment, because of the sma ll amount of carbon contained.当经历热处理、低碳钢不会变硬、因为含有少量碳。
机械工程外文翻译
外文资料原文及译文学院：机电工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化班级：学号：姓名：Mechanical engineering1.The porfile of mechanical engineeringEngingeering is a branch of mechanical engineerig,itstudies mechanical and power generation especially power and movement.2.The history of mechanical engineering18th century later periods,the steam engine invention hasprovided a main power fountainhead for the industrialrevolution,enormously impelled each kind of mechznicalbiting.Thus,an important branch of a new Engineering –separated from the civil engineering tools and machines on thebranch-developed together with Birmingham and the establishment of the Associantion of Mechanical Engineers in1847 had been officially recognized.The mechanicalengineering already mainly used in by trial and error methodmechanic application technological development intoprofessional engineer the scientific method of which in theresearch,the design and the realm of production used .From themost broad perspective,the demend continuously to enhance theefficiencey of mechanical engineers improve the quality of work,and asked him to accept the history of the high degreeof education and training.Machine operation to stress not onlyeconomic but also infrastructure costs to an absolute minimun.3.The field of mechanical engineeringThe commodity machinery development in the develop country,in the high level material life very great degree is decided each kind of which can realize in the mechanical engineering.Mechanical engineers unceasingly will invent the machine next life to produce the commodity,unceasingly will develop the accuracy and the complexity more and more high machine tools produces the machine.The main clues of the mechanical development is:In order to enhance the excellent in quality and reasonable in price produce to increase the precision as well as to reduce the production cost.This three requirements promoted the complex control system development.The most successful machine manufacture is its machine and the control system close fusion,whether such control system is essentially mechanical or electronic.The modernized car engin production transmission line(conveyer belt)is a series of complex productions craft mechanization very good example.The people are in the process of development in order to enable further automation of the production machinery ,the use of a computer to store and handle large volumes of data,the data is a multifunctional machine toolsnecessary for the production of spare parts.One of the objectives is to fully automated production workshop,three rotation,but only one officer per day to operate.The development of production for mechanical machinery must have adequate power supply.Steam engine first provided the heat to generate power using practical methods in the old human,wind and hydropower,an increase of engin .New mechanical engineering industry is one of the challenges faced by the initial increase thermal effciency and power,which is as big steam turbine and the development of joint steam boilers basically achieved.20th century,turbine generators to provide impetus has been sustained and rapid growth,while thermal efficiency is steady growth,and large power plants per kW capital consumption is also declining.Finally,mechanical engineers have nuclear energy.This requires the application of nuclear energy particularly high reliability and security, which requires solving many new rge power plants and the nuclear power plant control systems have become highly complex electroonics,fluid,electricity,water and mechanical parts networks All in all areas related to the mechanical engineers.Small internal combustion engine,both to the type (petrol and diesel machines)or rotary-type(gas turbines andMong Kerr machine),as well as their broad application in the field of transport should also due to mechanical enginerrs.Throughout the transport,both in the air and space,or in the terrestrial and marine,mechanial engineers created a variety of equipment and power devices to their increasing cooperation with electrical engineers,especially in the development of appropration control systems.Mechanical engineers in the development of military weapons technology and civil war ,needs a similar,though its purpose is to enhance rather than destroy their productivity.However.War needs a lot of resources to make the area of techonlogy,many have a far-reaching development in peacetime efficiency.Jet aircraft and nuclear reactors are well known examples.The Biological engineering,mechanical engineering biotechnology is a relatively new and different areas,it provides for the replacement of the machine or increase the body functions as well as for medical equipment.Artficial limbs have been developed and have such a strong movement and touch response function of the human body.In the development of artificial organ transplant is rapid,complex cardiac machines and similar equipment to enable increasingly complex surgery,and injuries and ill patients life functions can besustained.Some enviromental control mechanical engineers through the initial efforts to drainage or irrigation pumping to the land and to mine and ventilation to control the human environment.Modern refrigeration and air-conditioning plant commonaly used reverse heat engine,where the heat from the engine from cold places to more external heat.Many mechanical engineering products,as well as other leading technology development city have side effects on the environment,producing noise,water and air pollution caused,destroyed land and landscape.Improve productivity and diver too fast in the commodity,that the renewable natural forces keep pace.For mechanical engineers and others,environmental control is rapidly developing area,which includes a possible development and production of small quantities of pollutants machine sequnce,and the development of new equipment and teachnology has been to reduce and eliminate pollution.4.The role of mechanical engineeringThere are four generic mechanical engineers in common to the above all domains function.The 1st function is the understanding and the research mechanical science foundation.It includes the power and movement of therelationship dynamics For example,in the vibration and movement of the relationship;Automatic control;Study of the various forms of heart,energy,power relations between the thermodynamic;Fluidflows; Heat transfer; Lubricant;And material properties.The 2nd function will be conducts the research,the desing and the development,this function in turn attempts to carry on the essential change to satisfy current and the future needs.This not only calls for a clear understanding of mechanical science,and have to break down into basic elements of a complex system capacity.But also the need for synthetic and innovative inventions.The 3rd function is produces the product and the power,include plan,operation and maintenance.Its goal lies in the maintenance either enhances the enterprise or the organization longer-tern and survivabilaty prestige at the same time,produces the greatest value by the least investments and the consumption.The 4th function is mechanical engineer’s coordinated function,including the management,the consultation,as well as carries on the market marking in certain situation.In all these function,one kind unceasingly to use the science for a long time the method,but is not traditional orthe intuition method tendency,this is a mechanical engineering skill aspect which unceasingly grows.These new rationalization means typical names include:The operations research,the engineering economics,the logical law problem analysis(is called PABLA) However,creativity is not rationalization.As in other areas,in mechanical engineering, to take unexpected and important way to bring about a new capacity,still has a personal,marked characteristice.5.The design of mechanical engineeringThe design of mechanical is the design has the mechanical property the thing or the system,such as:the instrument and the measuring appliance in very many situations,the machine design must use the knowledge of discipline the and so on mathematics,materials science and mechanics.Mechanical engineering desgin includeing all mechanical desgin,but it was a study,because it also includes all the branches of mechsnical engineering,such as thermodynamics all hydrodynamics in the basic disciplines needed,in the mechanical engineering design of the initial stude or mechanical design.Design stages.The entire desgin process from start to finish,in the process,a demand that is designed for it and decided to do the start.After a lot of repetition,thefinal meet this demand by the end of the design procees and the plan.Design considerations.Sometimes in a system is to decide which parts needs intensity parts of geometric shapes and size an important factor in this context that we must consider that the intensity is an important factor in the design.When we use expression design considerations,we design parts that may affect the entire system design features.In the circumstances specified in the design,usually for a series of such functions must be taken into account.Howeever,to correct purposes,we should recognize that,in many cases the design of important design considerations are not calculated or test can determine the components or systems.Especially students,wheen in need to make important decisions in the design and conduct of any operation that can not be the case,they are often confused.These are not special,they occur every day,imagine,for example,a medical laboratory in the mechanical design,from marketing perspective,people have high expectations from the strength and relevance of impression.Thick,and heavy parts installed together:to produce a solid impression machines.And sometimes machinery and spare parts from the design style is the point and not the other point of view.Our purpose is to make those you do notbe misled to believe that every design decision will need reasonable mathematical methods.Manufacturing refers to the raw meterials into finished products in the enterprise.Create three distinct phases.They are:input,processing exprot.The first phase includes the production of all products in line with market needs essential.First there must be the demand for the product,the necessary materials,while also needs such as energy,time,human knowledge and technology resourcess . Finall,the need for funds to obtain all the other resources. Lose one stage after the second phase of the resources of the processes to be distributed.Processing of raw materials into finished products of these processes.To complete the design,based on the design,and then develop plans.Plan implemented through various production processes.Management of resources and processes to ensure efficiency and productivity.For example,we must carefully manage resources to ensure proper use of funds.Finally,people are talking about the product market was cast.Stage is the final stage of exporting finished or stage.Once finished just purchased,it must be delivered to the users.According to product performance,installation and may have to conduct furtherdebugging in addition,some products,especially those very complex products User training is necessary.6.The processes of materials and maunfacturingHere said engineering materials into two main categories:metals and non-ferrous,high-performance alloys and power metals.Non-metallic futher divided into plastice,synthetic rubber,composite materials and ceramics.It said the production proccess is divided into several major process,includingshape,forging,casting/ founding,heat treatment,fixed/connections ,measurement/ quality control and materal cutting.These processes can be further divide into each other’s craft.Various stages of the development of the manufacturing industry Over the years,the manufacturing process has four distinct stages of development, despite the overlap.These stages are:The first phase is artisanal,the second Phase is mechanization.The third phase is automation the forth Phase is integrated.When mankind initial processing of raw materials into finished products will be,they use manual processes.Each with their hands and what are the tools manuslly produced.This is totally integrated production take shape.A person needs indentification,collection materials,the design of a productto meet that demand,the production of such products and use it.From beginning to end,everything is focused on doing the work of the human ter in the industrial revolution introduced mechanized production process,people began to use machines to complete the work accomplished previously manual. This led to the specialization.Specialization in turn reduce the manufacture of integrated factors.In this stage of development,manufacturing workers can see their production as a whole represent a specific piece of the part of the production process.One can not say that their work is how to cope with the entire production process,or how they were loaded onto a production of parts finished.Development of manufacting processes is the next phase of the selection process automation.This is a computer-controlled machinery and processes.At this stage,automation island began to emerge in the workshop lane.Each island represents a clear production process or a group of processes.Although these automated isolated island within the island did raise the productivity of indivdual processes,but the overall productivity are often not change.This is because the island is not caught in other automated production process middle,but not synchronous with them .The ultimate result is the efficient working fast parkedthrough automated processes,but is part of the stagnation in wages down,causing bottlenecks.To better understand this problem,you can imagine the traffic in the peak driving a red light from the red Service Department to the next scene. Occasionally you will find a lot less cars,more than being slow-moving vehicles,but the results can be found by the next red light Brance.In short you real effect was to accelerate the speed of a red Department obstruction offset.If you and other drivers can change your speed and red light simultaneously.Will advance faster.Then,all cars will be consistent,sommth operation,the final everyone forward faster.In the workshop where the demand for stable synchronization of streamlined production,and promoted integration of manufacturing development.This is a still evolving technology.Fully integrated in the circumstances,is a computer-controllrd machinery and processing.integrated is completed through computer.For example in the preceding paragraph simulation problems,the computer will allow all road vehicles compatible with the change in red.So that everyone can steady traffic.Scientific analysis of movement,timing and mechanics of the disciplines is that it is composed of two pater:staticsand dynamics.Statics analyzed static system that is in the system,the time is not taken into account,research and analysis over time and dynamics of the system change.Dynameics from the two componets.Euler in 1775 will be the first time two different branches: Rigid body movement studies can conveniently divided into two parts:geometric and mechanics.The first part is without taking into account the reasons for the downward movement study rigid body from a designated location to another point of the movement,and must use the formula to reflect the actual,the formula would determine the rigid body every point position. Therefore,this study only on the geometry and,more specifically,on the entities from excision.Obviously,the first part of the school and was part of a mechanical separation from the principles of dynamics to study movement,which is more than the two parts together into a lot easier.Dynamics of the two parts are subsequently divided into two separate disciplines,kinematic and dynamics,a study of movement and the movement strength.Therefore,the primary issue is the design of mechanical systems understand its kinematic.Kinematic studies movement,rather than a study of its impact.In a more precise kinematic studies position,displacement,rotation,speed,velocity and acceleration of disciplines,for esample,or planets orbiting research campaing is a paradigm.In the above quotation content should be pay attention that the content of the Euler dynamics into kinematic and rigid body dynamics is based on the assumption that they are based on research.In this very important basis to allow for the treatment of two separate disciplines.For soft body,soft body shape and even their own soft objects in the campaign depends on the role of power in their possession.In such cases,should also study the power and movement,and therefore to a large extent the analysis of the increased complexity.Fortunately, despite the real machine parts may be involved are more or less the design of machines,usually with heavy material designed to bend down to the lowest parts.Therefore,when the kinematic analysis of the performance of machines,it is often assumed that bend is negligible,spare parts are hard,but when the load is known,in the end analysis engine,re-engineering parts to confirm this assnmption.机械工程1.机械工程简介机械工程是工程学的一个分支，它研究机械和动力的产，尤其是力和动力。
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译
acoustic field声场
acoustic filter滤声器
acoustic frequency音频
acoustic impedance声阻抗
acoustic load声负载
acoustic material隔声材料
acoustic mechanical efficiency声机械效率
acoustic power声功率
acoustic pre ure声压
acoustic radiation pre ure声辐射压
acoustic reactance声抗
acoustic resistance声阻
acoustic resonance共鸣
acoustic声的
acoustic a orption声吸收
acoustic a orptio ound a orption声吸收
acoustic a orptivity声吸收率
acoustic admittance声导纳
acoustic analysis声学分析
addition附加
additional drag附加阻力
additional load附加载荷
additional ma 附加质量
additional pre ure附加压力
adhere粘着
adherence附着
adhesion附着
a orption dynamometer吸收功率计
a orption heat吸收热
a orption lo 吸收损失
a orption model吸收模型
a orption potential吸收势
机械专业英语(章跃版)课后英汉翻译(最全)
第一章：应力与应变1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分歧，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。
2.For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing.例如：如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话，会挤出油膜，引起金属和金属之间的相互接触，轴承将过热而迅速失效。
3.Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force.力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向，这些被称为力的三要素。
4.All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis.所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的，如果受到力的作用就产生变形。
机械专业英语翻译的方法及技巧PPT课件
❖ 1.2 复杂长句多
▪ 机械工程英语的用词和表达方法都比较严谨准确， 一般一句话要包含几个分句。对于这种复杂长句， 一般要采用压缩主干法进行逐步翻译。
▪ If a hard grade wheel was to be used for grinding a hard material ， the dull grains would not be pulled off from the bond quickly enough ， thus impeding the self dressing process of the surface of the wheel and finally resulting in clogging of the wheel and burns on the ground surface ． ( 如果使用硬砂轮磨削硬的材料，磨钝 的磨粒就不能很快从粘结体上脱落，这样便妨碍砂 轮表面的自休整过程，最终导致砂轮的堵塞并在被 磨表面留下灼斑。 )
第15页/共19页
“The beamshall be arranged that the disc harge of the content ofthe wagons is n ot impeded to any appreciable extent.”
1，机械专业英语的特点
1 专业词汇多 2 复杂长句多 3 被动语态多 4 非谓语动词多 5 陈诉句多
第1页/工程专业英语所涉及的大多是机械工程领域的 专业知识，这就要求在翻译的时候能准确使用机械 工程领域专业术语，不能望文生义。
▪ The main components of the lathe are the headstock and tailstock at opposite ends of a bed ， and a tool post between them which holds the cutting tool ． ( 车床的主要 部件是主轴箱、尾座和刀架，主轴箱与尾座位于床 身的两端，用于夹持刀具的刀架置于主轴箱与尾座 之间。 )
机械英文专业翻译
一、汉译英载荷：load内应力internal stress灵敏度sensitivity疲劳强度fatigue strength铣床milling machine供水系统water supply system进料速度feedrate闭合序列closed sequence专家系统expert systemCAE computer –aided engineering 二、英译汉impurity杂志machinability加工性能sound judgement正确的判断力dynamic load动载荷lathe车床vertical support垂直支撑speed indicator速度表machine vision机器视觉manipulator操纵器三、句子汉译英1、金属和合金的差异一般很难界定。
The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear out. 2、钢的冷成型性是由它的拉伸强度与延展性共同决定的。
The cold-formability of steel is a function of its tensile strength combined with ductility.3、当承载时，材料将发生变形，变形量取决于载荷的大小。
A material tends to change or changes its dimensions when it is loaded ,depending upon the magnitude of the load.4、机电一体化是一个用于描述机械和电子工程集成的术语。
“Mechatronics”is a term to describe the integration of mechanical and electronical engineering.5、机器人执行的工作可分为两类：危险性工作和重复性工作。
机械工程专业英语翻译
机械工程专业英语翻译Introduction机械工程是一门涵盖机械原理、设计、制造以及维护的综合性学科，其中涉及许多专业术语和英语翻译。
良好的英语翻译能力对机械工程师在国际合作和成果交流中至关重要。
本文将介绍机械工程专业中常见的英语单词和短语，并提供中文翻译和相关注释。
Mechanical Principles 机械原理对于机械原理，下面是一些常见的英语单词和短语。
1.Mechanism（机构）：A mechanism is a device designedto transform input forces and movement into a desiredoutput force and movement.2.Kinematics（运动学）：Kinematics is the study ofmotion, without regard to the cause of the motion.3.Statics（静力学）：Statics is the study of thebehavior of structures, under the action of forceswithout producing motion.4.Dynamics（动力学）：Dynamics is the study of thebehavior of motion of objects under the action of forces.5.Thermodynamics（热力学）：Thermodynamics deals withthe relationships between heat, work, and energy.6.Fluid Mechanics（流体力学）：Fluid mechanics is thestudy of the behavior of fluids at rest or in motion. Mechanical Design 机械设计对于机械设计，下面是一些常见的英语单词和短语。
机械工程专业英语
Lesson11、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time.对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学.他由静力学和动力学两部分组成.静力学对静止系统进行分析,即在其中不考虑时间这个引述,动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析.2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitutea couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action.作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶.力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离,力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面.3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum.力学涉及两种类型的量,标量和矢量.标量是那些只有大小的量.在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量.另一方面,矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向.矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量.Lesson2<此课后面没翻译,翻译的不太准确谅解>1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.<as shown in figure1>车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子.figure1〕如图〔.2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work.如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力.3、 Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt.扶轮运动需要去钻孔,在车床上转换两件,表面,或驱动发电机或风扇皮带4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion<谐和运动和间歇运动>: Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion.Lesson41 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow.实际上,几乎所有的机器中都装有轴.轴的最常见的形状是圆形,其截面可以是实心的,也可以是空心的<空心轴可以减轻重量>.有时也采用矩形轴,例如,螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆.2、 A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft.为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载,轴应该有适当的抗扭强度.轴还应该具有足够的抗扭强度,以使在同一轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大.3 、Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft.齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上.在键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中,必须进行认真的计算.例如,轴上的键槽会引起应力集中,由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小,会进一步减弱轴的强度.4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another. Devices such as rigid and flexible couplings accomplish this.轴的设计工作中的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另一根轴之间的直接连接方法.这是由刚性或者弹性联轴器来实现的.Lesson51、The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears ,sprockers,pullys,and cams are usually attached to the shaft by means of pins, keys,splines,snap rings,and other devices . Theselatter members are among the "associated parts" consedered in this text,as ate couplings and universal joints , which serve to connect the shaft to the source of power or load.2、It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial,bending,and torsional loads,and that these loads may be static or fluctuating.3、Torsional defection can affect the accuracy ofa cam or gear driven mechanism .Furthermore,the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding critical speed.4、A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer ,with torque being transmitted through a keyways.Lesson71、Fasteners are devices which permit one part to be joined to a second part and ,hence,they are involved in almost all designs . The acceptability of any product depends not only on the selected components , but also on the means by which they are fastened together. The principal purposes of fasteners are to provide the following design features;紧固件是将一个零件与另一个零件进行连接的零件.因此,几乎在所有的设计中都要用到紧固件.人们对于任何产品的满意程度不仅取决于其组成部件,还取决于其连接方式.2、The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring ro any complex product,In the case of the automobile,there are literally thousands of parts which are fastened together to produce the total product.The failure or loosening of a single fastener could result in a simple nuisance such as a door rattle or in a serious situation such as a wheel coming off.Such possibilities must be taken into account in the selection of the type of fatener for the specific application.通过任何一个复杂的产品,都可以认识到紧固件在其中的重要性.以汽车为例,它是由数千个零件连接在一起而成为一辆车.一个紧固件的失效或松脱可能会带来像车门嘎嘎响这类小麻烦,也可能造成像车轮脱落这种严重的后果.因此,在为一个特定的用途选择紧固件时,应该考虑到上述各种可能性.Lesson81、Threaded fasterners perform the function of locating ,clamgping ,adjusting ,and transmiting force from one machine member to another .They are thoroughly standardized and generally designed for use in mass production of machines.2、 Matching external and internal threads so that they are may be assembled is the key to all thread fasteners.3、 A particular SAE grade specilication can be met by a number of different steels, thus faster manufacturers have some latitude in selecting the materials best suited to their specific production faclities.4、For moderate loads and speedes the correct selection of a standard of the bearing on the basis of load rating will usually secure satisfactory performance. 对于中等载荷和转速,根据额定负荷选择一个标准轴承,通常都可以保证其具有令人满意的工作性能.5、The deflection of less magnitude than that of the shafts or other components associated with the bearing .当载荷较大时,轴承零件的变形,尽管它通常小于轴和其它与轴承一起工作的零部件的变形,将会变得重要起来.Lesson91、Where speeds are high special cooling arrangements become necessary which may increase frictional drag .在转速高的场合需要有专门的冷却装置,而这可能会增大摩擦阻力.2、It is not surprising that ,owing to the high stresses involved,a predominant form of failure shouls be metal fatigue,and a good deal of work is currently in progress intended to improve the reliability of this type of bearing .滚动轴承由于在工作中会产生高的应力,其主要失效形式是金属疲劳,这一点并不奇怪,目前正在进行大量的工作以求改进这种轴承的可靠性.3、 The fit of the bearing races onto the shaft or onto the housing is of critical importance because of their combined effect on the internal clearance of the bearing as well as preserving the desired degree of interference fit.轴承套圈与轴或轴承座的的配合非常重要,因为它们之间的配合不仅应该保证所需要的过盈量,而且也应该保证轴承的内部间隙.4、The inner race is frequently located axially by abutting against a shoulder .Aradius at this point is essential for the avoidance of stressconcentration and ball races rae providede with a radius or chamfer to allow space for this .内圈通常是通过紧靠在轴肩上进行轴向定位的.轴肩出的圆弧半径主要是为了避免应力集中.在轴承内圈上加工出一个圆弧或者倒角,用来提供容纳轴肩处圆弧半径的空间.5、Where life is not the determing factor in design ,it is usual to determine maximum loading by the amount to which a bearing will deflect under load .在使用寿命不是设计中的决定因素的场合,通常根据轴承受载荷时产生的变形量来确定其最大载荷. Lesson131、One of the primary considerations in designing any machine or structure is that the strength must be sufficiently greater that the stress to assure both safety and reliability. To assure that mechanical parts do not fail in service, it is necessary to learn why they sometimes do fail. Then we shall be able to relate the stresses with the strengths to achieve safety.在设计任何机器或者结构时,所考虑的主要事项之一是其强度应该比它所承受的应力要大得多,以确保安全与可靠性.要保证机械零件在使用过程中不发生失效,就必须知道它们在某些时候会失效的原因,然后,才能将应力与强度联系起来,以确保其安全.2、Ideally, in designing any machine element, the engineer should have at his disposal the results of a great many strength tests of the particular material chosen. These tests should have been made on specimens having the same heat treatment, surface roughness, and size as the element he proposes to design, and the tests should be made under exactly the same loading conditions as the part will experience in service.设计任何机械零件的理想情况为,工程师可以利用大量的他所选用的这种材料的强度试验数据.这些试验应该在与所设计的零件有相同的热处理,表面粗糙度和尺寸大小的试件进行,而且试验应该在与零件使用过程中承受的载荷完全相同的情况下进行.3、Most hardness-testing systems employ a standard load which is applied to a ball or pyramid in contact with the material to be tested. The hardness is then expressed as a function of the size of the resulting indentation. This means that hardness is an easy property to measure, because the test is nondestructive and test specimens are not required. Usually the test can be conducted directly on an actual machine element.大多数硬度试验系统是将一个标准的载荷加在与被试验材料相接触的小球或者棱锥上.因此,硬度可以表示为所产生的压痕尺寸函数.这表明由于硬度是非破坏性试验,而且不需要专门的试件,因而硬度是一个容易测量的性能.通常可以直接在实际的机械零件上进行硬度试验.Lesson171、The first step in the manufacture of any product is design, which usually takes place in several distinct stages: 〕a〔conceptual; 〕b 〔 functional; 〕c〔 production design. During the conceptual design stage, the designer is concerned primarily with the functions the product is to fulfill.制造任何产品的第一步工作都是设计.设计通常可以分为几个明确的阶段；<a>概念设计；b 功能设计 c 生产设计.在概念设计阶段,设计者着重考虑产品应该具有的功能.2、Often a prototype or working model is made that can be tested to permit evaluation of the product as to function, reliability, appearance, serviceability, and so on.通常要制造出样机或着实物模型,并对其进行实验,评价产品的功能、可靠性、外观和维修保养性等3、As manufacturing progresses, it is inevitable that situations will arise that may require modifications of the materials being used. Experience may reveal that substitution of cheaper materials can be made.在制造过程中,不可避免地会出现对使用中的材料做一些更改的情况.经验表明,可以采用某些便宜材料作为代替.24/27课Working drawings are the drawings from which a design is implemented. All principles of orthographic projection and techniques of graphics can be used to communicate the details of a project in working drawings. A detail drawing is a working drawing of a single part 〕or detail〔 within the setof working drawings.工作图是将设计变为实际产品所依据的图样.所有的正投影原理和绘图技术都可以用来在工作图中表达一个项目中的细节.零件图是在一整套工作图中关于一个零件<或细节>的工作图.Title Blocks In practice, title blocks usually contain the title or part name, drafter, date, scale,company, and sheet number. Other information, such as tolerances, checkers, and materials, also may be given. Any modifications or changes added after the first version to improve the design is shown in the revisionblocks.标题栏在实践中,标题栏中通常包括标题或零件名称、制图员、日期、比例、公司和图号.另外,还可以包含公差、审核人员和材料等信息.在第一次制图之后,任何为了改进设计方案而作的修改和更正都应该在修改栏中标明.The allocation of proper production tolerances is therefore a most important task if the finished product is to achieve its intended purpose and yet be economical to produce. The size of the tolerances, as specified by the designer, depends on the many conditions pertaining to the design as well as on past experience with similar products if such experience is available.要使产品能够以较低的价格被生产出来并且能够满足设计的要求,规定适当的加工公差是最为重要的工作.公差的大小是由设计人员所确定的,它取决于许多与设计有关的条件以及过去在设计类似产品时所获得的经验<如果有这方面经验的话>.A part is said to be at the least material condition 〕LMC〔 when the dimensions are all at the limits that give a part with the smallest amount of material.当所有的尺寸都处在允许零件含有的材料量为最小的极限状态时,就称这个零件处于最小实体状态<LMC>.If the variations due to chance causes are too great, it is usually necessary to move the operation to more accurate equipment rather than spend more effort intrying to improve the process.如果随机原因对尺寸变化的影响过大,一般来说采用更精密的加工设备,要比花费更多精力来改变生产过程更为有效Lesson291、 The technique of dimensioning parts within a require range of variation to ensure interchangeability is called tolerancing. Each dimension is allowed a certain degree of variation within a specified zone ,or tolerance .for example, a part^s dimension might be expressed as 20+-0.50,which allows a tolerance 〕variation in size 〔 of 1.00 mm.给零件标注尺寸使其在一个规定的区间内变动,以保证他们具有互换性的技术称为公差技术.允许每个尺寸在规定范围内具有一定的变动量,称为公差.例如,一个零件的尺寸可以被表示成20+-0.50,其公差<尺寸变动量>为1.00mm.单词basic hole system 基孔制basic shaft system 基轴制Leesson331Engineering and technology students must became computer literate, to understand the applications of computer and their advantages. Not to do so will place students at a serious disadvantage in pursuing their careers.工程技术专业的学生们应该通晓计算机,了解计算机的用途和它们的优点.不这样做,就会使学生们在将来的职业生涯中处于非常不利的地位.2、Engineers generally agree that the computer does not change the nature of the design process but is a significant tool that improves efficiency and productivity工程师们通常认为计算机不会改变设计过程的性质.3、Computer of applications in engineering and other technical fields. Most graphical solutions that are possible with a pencil can be done on a computer and usually more productively. Applications vary from 3D modeling and finite element analysis to 2D drawings and mathematical caiculation.计算机图形学在工程技术领域的应用几乎没有任何限制,大部分可以铅笔完成的图解方法都可以用计算机完成,而且通常效率更高.其应用从建立三维模型和有限元分析,直到绘制平面图和进行数字计算.4、These systems offer many advantagees over traditional design and manufacturing systems, ineluding less design effort, more efficent material use, reduced lead tine, greater accuracy, and improved inventory controi.包括减少时间工作量,提高材料利用率,缩短产品研制周期,提高精度和改善库存管理.graphics has an aimost limitless numberLesson361、 engin lathes ,of course ,are general-purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world.普通车床是全世界的生产车间和维修车间里广泛使用的通用机床.2、 The tracer or duplicating lathe is designed to produce irregularly shaped parts automatically.靠模车床或仿形车床被设计用来对形状不规则的零件进行自动加工.3、machines with a wide variety of power accessories.Theprincipal feature of all turret lathes, however, is that the tools can perform a consecutive serials of operations in proper sequence. Once the tools have been set and adjusted ,little skill is required to turn out duplicate parts.高生产率的砖塔车床是装有许多动力附件的非常复杂的机器.然而,所有砖塔车床的主要特点是刀具能按适当顺序完成一系列的加工工序.一旦这些刀具被安装调整好后只只需要很低的技术就可以车削加工很多相同的零件.4、 The first screw machine were designed to feed bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts.单轴自动螺丝车床,顾名思义,一次仅能加工一根棒料.With the single spndle machine, the turret indexes around the spindle.在单轴车床上,砖塔围绕主轴转位.With a multiple spindle maching , however ,the spindle itself indexes.然而,在多轴自动车床上,主轴自己转位.6、 A vertical turret lathe is basically a turret lathe that has been stood on its headstock end.立式砖塔车床基本上就是将其从床头箱一端向下而竖立起来的一台砖塔车床.7、Many of today^s more sophisticated lathesare called machining centers since they arecapable of performing, in addition to thenormal turning operations, certain millingand drilling operations.当前许多技术更为先进的车床叫做加工中心.因为他们除了完成常规的车削工作之外,还可以完成某些铣削钻削工作单词：turret 砖塔,六角刀架,六角头general purpose 多方面的,多种用途的Lesson651.According to the Tool & Manufacturing English Handbook , process planning is the systematic determination of the methods by which a product is to be manufactured economically and competitively . 根据《工具与制造工程师手册》,工艺设计就是系统地确定能够经济地和有竞争力地将产品制造出来的方法.2.A planner must manage and retrieve a great deal of data and many documents , including established standards , machinability data ,machine specifications ,tooling inventories, stock availability ,and existing process plans.工艺人员应该管理和检索大量的数据和很多文件.其中包括已建立的标准,可加工性数据,机器的规格,工艺装备的清单,原材料库存量和一些目前正在应用的工艺文件.3.This is primarily an information-handing job ,andthe computer is an ideal companion.这主要是一些信息处理工作,而计算机是完成这项工作的一个理想助手.4.Most important for CIM ,computer-aided process machine readable data instead of handwritten plans . Such data can readily be transferred to other systems within the CIM hierarchy for use in planning.对计算机集成制造最为重要的是,计算机辅助工艺设计可以生成机器可以阅读数据,而不是手写的规程.这种数据可以传递到计算机集成制造体系中的另一个系统中,用以编制工艺规程.5.In the variant approach ,a set of standard processplans is established for all parts families thathave been identified through group technology.在派生法中,对采用成组技术确定的一个零件族中的所有零件,编制一套标准的加工工艺规程.6.Again ,GT helps to place the new part in an appropriate family .The standard plan is then edited to suit the specific requirements of a particular job.成组技术可以帮助把新零件归类于适当的零件族中.通过对标准工艺规程的编辑,可以满足对特定工作的专门要求.7.In the generative approach ,an attempt is made to synthesize each individual plan using appropriate algorithms that define the various technological decisions that must be made in the course of manufacturing.在创成法中,通过采用确定加工制造过程中各种工艺决策的适当算法,将各个单独的工艺规程综合起来.Lesson661、One of the most fundamental concepts in the areaof advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control 〕NC〔.Prior to the advent of NC,all machine tools were manually operated and controlled .先进制造技术中的一个最基本的概念是数字控制<NC>.在数控技术出现之前,所有的机床都是有人工操作和控制的.2、Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tolls, perhaps none is moreprominent than the limitation of operator skills .在与人工可控制的机床有关的很多局限性中,操作者的技术大概是最突出的问题.3、 Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs lower.数字控制的机器比人工操纵的机器的精度更高、生产零件的一致性更好、生产速度更快,而且长期的工艺装备成本更低.4 、The development of a concept known as direct numerical control 〕DNC〔solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions.在形成直接数字控制〕DNC〔这个概念之后,可以不再采用纸带或塑料带作为编程指令的载体,这样就解决了与之有关的问题.5、The development of the microprocessor allowed for the development of programmable logic controllers 〕PLCs〔 and microcomputer.微处理器的发展为可编程逻辑控制器和微型计算机的发展做好了准备.6、These two technologies allowed for the development of computer numerical control 〕CNC 〔.这两种技术为计算机数控〕CNC〔的发展打下了基础. Lesson711、A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,parts tool,or specialized devicds through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks翻译：机器人是一个可以改编程序的多功能操作器,被设计用来按照预先编制的、能够完成多种作业运动的程序来运送材料、零件、工具或者专用装置.2、The terms "reprogrammable"impliestwo things :The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks 翻译："可以改变程序"这个术语意味着两件事：机器人根据编写的程序工作,以及可以通过重新编写程序来适应不同种类的制造工作的需要.3、The term "multifunctional" means that the robot can,throughreprogramming and the use of different end-effectors ,preform a number of diferent manufacturing tasks .翻译："多功能"这个词意味着机器人能够通过编程和使用不同的末端执行机构,完成不同的制造工作.4、One of the principal advatages of robots is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans.翻译：机器人的一个主要优点实它们可以在对于人类来说实危险的环境中工作.5、Robots and robor cells must be carefually designed and configured so that they do not dangerous to humans.翻译：应该仔细的设计和配置机器人和机器人单元,是它们不会伤害人类和其它机器.6、Even with such precautions it is still a god idea to have an automatic shaudown system in situations whererobots are used.such a system should have the capacity to sense the need for an automatic shutdown of operations.翻译：即使有了这些防御措施,在使用机器人的场地中设置一个自动停止工作的系统仍然不失为一个好主意.机器人的这个系统应该具有测出是否有需要自动停止工作的要求的能力.。
机械工程力学专业英语翻译
4 Overview of Engineering Mechanics（工程力学概况）(1) Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers-that is, it has been designed so as to answer the question, “E xactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure, etc. From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials, dimensions, and fastenings to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable lifetime.然而，在理想的情况下，每一件产品都是设计人员根据对某些“功能要求”的理解而设计出来的，也就是说，在设计过程中，应该回答这样的问题，即“它应该具有哪种确切的功能？”在工程领域，主要功能通常是承受由于重力，惯性力，压力等作用的一些类型的载荷。
从我们居住房屋的梁到飞机机翼，都必须有一个适当的材料，尺寸，在较合理地寿命基础上具有较合理地成本，并能可靠地完成其功能的产品结构连接的组合。
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
机械工程专业英语教程第一课：机械工程简介Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringSection 1: OverviewMechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses the design, development, and operation of machinery, structures, and systems. This branch of engineering plays a crucial role in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and energy.Section 2: Responsibilities and SkillsAs a mechanical engineer, your responsibilities will include designing and analyzing mechanical systems, conducting tests and experiments, and supervising the manufacturing process. You will also need to have a strong understanding of physics, mathematics, and computer-aided design (CAD). Additionally, problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in teams are essential.Section 3: Career OpportunitiesA degree in mechanical engineering can open up a wide range of career opportunities. You could work in research and development, product design, manufacturing, or projectmanagement. Mechanical engineers are in demand in almost every industry, ensuring a stable and rewarding career path.Section 4: University CoursesTo become a mechanical engineer, it is essential to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering from a reputable university. The curriculum typically includes courses in engineering principles, materials science, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical design. Additionally, practical training through internships or cooperative education programs is crucial for gaining hands-on experience.Section 5: ConclusionMechanical engineering offers a challenging and rewarding career for those with a passion for solving problems and a desire to create innovative solutions. With the right education and skills, you can embark on a successful journey in the field of mechanical engineering. Remember, the possibilities are endless in this ever-evolving discipline.第二课：机械设计基础Fundamentals of Mechanical DesignSection 1: IntroductionIn this lesson, we will explore the fundamentals of mechanical design. Mechanical design involves the creation and development of physical systems and components that meet specific requirements and specifications. This processrequires a deep understanding of materials, mechanics, and engineering principles.Section 2: Design ProcessThe design process typically follows a systematic approach that includes several stages. These stages include problem identification, conceptual design, detailed design, manufacturing, and testing. Each stage involves various activities such as brainstorming, prototyping, and evaluation.Section 3: Design ConsiderationsDuring the design process, there are several important considerations to keep in mind. These include functionality, efficiency, reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is also crucial to consider the environmental impact and sustainability of the design.Section 4: Tools and SoftwareTo aid in the design process, engineers use various tools and software. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows for precise modeling and simulation of mechanical systems. Finite element analysis (FEA) software helps in analyzing the structural integrity and performance of designs.Section 5: Case StudyTo further understand the application of mechanical design principles, we will examine a case study. This real-world example will demonstrate how the design process isimplemented to solve a specific problem and achieve desired outcomes.Section 6: ConclusionMechanical design is a critical aspect of mechanical engineering. It requires a combination of creativity, technical knowledge, and attention to detail. By mastering the fundamentals of mechanical design, you will be well-equippedto tackle complex challenges and contribute to the development of innovative solutions.以上是《机械工程专业英语教程》的课文翻译。
机械工程专业英语参考译文
机械工程专业英语参考译文机械工程专业英语参考译文机械工程是一门涉及设计、制造、控制和维护机械系统的学科，涉及到许多不同的领域，包括制造业、航空航天、汽车、能源和医疗设备等。
机械工程专业英语是机械工程领域中非常重要的语言工具，以下是一些常见的机械工程专业英语词汇和短语:1. Machine Tools - 机器工具Machine tools are tools that are used to perform precision machining operations on materials. They include drills, mills, lathes, routers, and other tools that are used to create precision parts and assemblies.2. Material - 材料Material is any substance that is in a solid, liquid, or gas state. It can be made from a variety of materials, such as metals, ceramics, plastics, and papers. In engineering, material refers to the physical and chemical properties of a material that determine its behavior in a particular application.3. Design - 设计Design refers to the process of creating a plan or concept for a particular object or system. It involves analyzing the needs and requirements of a particular application, and thenusing geometry, math, and other tools to create a visual representation of the object or system.4. Tolerance - 公差Tolerance is the allowance for error or variation that is allowed in a manufacturing process. It is the amount of variation that is acceptable in a product or component before it is considered to be within specification. In engineering, tolerance refers to the accuracy with which a component or system is designed to operate.5. machinist - 机械工程师Machinist is a professional in the field of mechanical engineering who specializes in the design, construction, and maintenance of machine tools. Machinists typically work in manufacturing plants, tool and die shops, and other industrial settings.6. lathe - 车床Lathe is a machine tool that is used to machine rotationally symmetric objects, such as shafts, gears, and camshafts. It includes a bed, a turret, and a spindle that rotates the workpiece around its axis.7. milling machine - 铣床Milling machine is a machine tool that is used for precisionmachining of materials. It includes a spindle that rotates a cutting tool, which can be a carbide or other hard tool, around its axis. milling machines are commonly used for machining metals, ceramics, and other materials.8. precision - 精度Precision refers to the accuracy and reliability of a machine tool or other industrial equipment. It is the ability of a tool to produce parts or assemblies that are within specified tolerance limits, and is often measured in units of accuracy, such as microns or inches.9. toolholder - 刀具夹具Toolholder is a device that is used to hold a cutting tool in a machine tool. It typically includes a base, a support surface, and a nose that supports the tool at a desired angle and distance from the workpiece.10. fastener - 紧固件Fastener is any device that is used to join two or more objects together. They include nuts, bolts, screws, pins, and other devices that are used to secure components together. In engineering, fasteners refer to the materials and techniques used to install and secure fasteners.以上是一些机械工程专业英语词汇和短语的示例，这些词汇和短语在机械工程领域中非常重要，掌握它们可以帮助机械工程专业的学生和从业者更好地理解和应用机械工程知识。
机械专业英语和翻译
机械专业英语词汇金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool金属工艺学technology of metals刀具cutter摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequency characteristic误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bending stress强度intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance变形力deforming force变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization电路circuit半导体元件semiconductor element反馈feedback发生器generator直流电源DC electrical source门电路gate circuit逻辑代数logic algebra外圆磨削external grinding内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement 进给方向direction of feed进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed 合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck2加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design 有限元finite element滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠screw rod导轨lead rail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes有色金属nonferrous metal3陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant 逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination 气体状态方程equation of state of gas 动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism 机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering4调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel机床行业部分英汉对照（1)：按英文字母排序3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding fu rnaces 连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment 平衡设备Bayonet 卡口Bearing fittings 轴承配件Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机Bearings 轴承Belt drive 带传动Bending machines 弯曲机Blades 刀片Blades,saw 锯片Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Cable making tools 造线机Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,other 其他铸造Casting,steel 铸钢Chain drive 链传动Chain making tools 造链机Chamfer machines 倒角机Chucks 夹盘Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC 刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains 输送链Coolers 冷却机Coupling 联轴器Crimping tools 卷边工具Cutters 刀具Cutting-off machines 切断机Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Dicing saws 晶圆切割机Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Dies-progressive 连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drawing machines 拔丝机Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etchin g machines 蚀刻机Finishing machines 修整机Fixture 夹具Forging dies 锻模Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机5Gears 齿轮Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinde r bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydra ulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines 精研机Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Laser cutting 激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切割机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Lubricators 注油机Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column ty pe 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Manifolds 集合管Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Millin g machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components 模具单元Mold changing systems 换模系统Mold core 模芯Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器Mold polishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium w heels 铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant P型PVC 高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机Planing machines 刨床Planing machines vertical 立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机presses,crank 曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric 离心压力机Presses,forging 锻压机Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床Presses,servo 伺服冲床Presses,transfer 自动压力机Pressing dies 压模Punch formers 冲子研磨器Quick die change systems 速换模系统6Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉Rollers 滚筒Rolling machines 辗压机Rotary tables 转台Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Stamping parts 冲压机Straightening machines 矫直机Switches & buttons 开关及按钮Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Transmitted chains 传动链Tube bending machines 弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式油压拉床Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机Wrenches 扳手螺丝词汇的中英文对照六角盖头螺帽HEX CAP NUTS六角锯齿螺帽HEX SERRATED NUTS六角轮缘螺帽HEX FLANGE NUTS 高脚螺帽HEX COUPLING NUTS(HIGH NUTS)圆螺帽ROUND NUTS四角螺帽SQUARE NUTS7HEA VY HEX NUTS不锈钢六角螺帽STAINLESS STEEL HEXNUTS不锈钢尼龙嵌入螺帽STAINLESS STEELNYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS普通六角螺帽HEX NUTS六角重型螺帽HEA VY HEX NUTS薄型螺帽HEX JAM NUTS尼龙嵌入防松螺帽NYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS 机械螺丝用六角螺帽HEX MACHINE SCREW NUT 机械工具英语机械工具spanner 扳子(美作:wrench) double-ended spanner 双头扳子adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 活扳子,活络扳手box spanner 管钳子(美作:socket wrench) calipers 卡规pincers, tongs 夹钳shears 剪子hacksaw 钢锯wire cutters 剪线钳multipurpose pliers,universal pliers 万能手钳adjustable pliers 可调手钳punch 冲子drill 钻chuck 卡盘scraper 三角刮刀reamer 扩孔钻callipergauge 孔径规rivet 铆钉nut 螺母locknut 自锁螺母,防松螺母bolt 螺栓pin, peg, dowel 销钉washer 垫圈staple U形钉oil can 油壶jack 工作服grease gun 注油枪机械加工抛光polishing 安装to assemble 衬套bushing外贸常用机械英语大全Assembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机8repair修理operator作业员QC 品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section 品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller 铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position 职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager 副理sectio n supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section supe risor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil 擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练9proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车外贸常用机械英语大全(续)compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt 螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list 标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/ 审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE 组装厂生产排配表model 机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total 合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ acceptedparts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods 处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet 栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot 导正筒trim 剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole 废料孔10feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin 定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block 衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut 剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction 感应induction light 感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸short 射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit 沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒11grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium 镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill 锉plane刨grind磨drill 铝boring镗blinster 气泡fillet 镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys 花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison 联络单volatile 挥发性resistance电阻ion 离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机机械类常用英语：生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号阀门种类英汉术语对照Air valves 空气阀门Angle Stop valves 角式截止阀Angle Throttle Valves 角式节流阀Angle Type Globe Valves 门角式截止阀Ash valves 排灰阀Aspirating valves 吸（抽）气阀Auxiliary valves 辅助（副）阀Balance valves 平衡阀Bellows valves 波纹管阀Blowdown valves 泄料（放空，排污）阀Brake valves 制动阀Butterfly Type Non-slam Check 蝶式缓冲止回阀Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator 蜗轮传动蝶阀Buttwelding valves 对焊连接阀Clamp valves 对夹式阀门Cock 二通Combination valves 组合阀CQ Thread Ball Valves CQ螺纹球阀Culvert valves 地下管道阀Deceleration valves 减速阀Diaphragm Valves 隔膜阀Decompression valves 泄压阀Double Disc Flat Gate Valves 双闸板平板闸阀Double Disk Parallel Gate V alves明杆平行式双闸板闸板Double Opening Exhaust Valves 双口排气球12Drainage valves 排水阀Electric Actuated Stop V alves 电动截止阀Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves 电动楔式闸阀Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valve s 电动平行式双闸板闸板Emergeny Cut-off Valves 紧急切断阀Exhaust valves 排气阀Free Float Type Steam Trap 浮球式疏水阀Flange Ball Valves 法兰球阀Flange Gate Valves 法兰闸阀Flange Globe Valves 法兰截止阀Gauge Valves 仪表阀Hand-operated valves 手动阀Hard Seal Butterfly Valves 金属密封碟阀High Temperature Pressure Power Statio n Gate Valves 高温高压电站闸阀High Temperature Pressure Power Statio n Globe Valves 高温高压电站截止阀Hydraulic relay valves 液压继动阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Limit valves 限位阀Lining Ball Valves 衬里球阀Lining Butterfly Valves 衬里碟阀Lining Check Valves 衬里止回阀Lining Cock 衬里二通Lining Globe Valves 衬里截止阀Lining T-Cock Valves 衬里三通旋塞阀Liquid Indicator 液位计LPG Pipe Fitting 液化气管件Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves 磁耦合截止阀Magnetism Forle Pumps 磁力泵Manual Oil Pumps Valves 手摇油泵(阀) Meter Needle Type Globe Valves 仪表针形截止阀Oblique Stop Valves 直流式截止阀Parallel Slide Valves 浆液阀Pintle valve 针形阀Piping Centrifugal Pumps 管道离心泵Plunger valves 柱塞阀Pressure valve 压力（増压）阀Piping Pumps 管道泵Piping Safety Valves 管道安全阀Plunger Globe Valves 柱塞截止阀Quick Draining Valves 快速排污阀Restrictor Valves 过流阀(或节流阀) Safety Valves 安全阀Screw Pumps 螺杆泵Scum Gate Valves 排渣闸阀Solenoid valves 电磁阀Single Disc Flat Gate Valves 单闸板平板闸阀Single Opening Exhaust Valves 单口排气球Slurry Pumps 泥浆泵Stop Valves 截止阀Strainer 过滤器Submerged Motor Pumps 潜水电泵(排污泵)Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Tank Lorry Ball Valves 槽车球阀T-Cock 三通Thin Gate Valves 薄型闸阀Throttle Valves 节流阀Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves 微阻缓闭止回阀Triple (tee) valves 三通阀Two-way valves 二通阀Under Water Pumps 液下泵Vacuum Pumps 水力喷射器(真空泵)Vertical Lift Check Valves 立式止回阀Wafer Check Valves 对夹式止回阀Wafer plate valves 对夹蝶板阀Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber Itning对夹式衬胶蝶阀Waste Valves 排污箱(阀)Water Seal Gate Valves 水封闸阀Wedge Gate Valves 楔式闸阀Y Type and Cylinder Filters Y型筒型过滤器阀门零部件英汉术语对照Axis Guide 轴套Ball 球、球芯13Ball seat 密封圈Blowdown Sealing Face 启、阀件密封面Body 阀体Bonnet 阀盖Disc 阀瓣Mut 螺母Screw 螺栓Sealing 密封件Spring 弹簧Stem 阀杆Stem Mut 阀杆螺母Stem seal 填料Wedge Disc 闸板阀门规范技术英语术语对照Applicable medium 适用介质Applicable temperature 适用温度Butt Clamp 对夹Chemical analysis 化学成份Connecting format 连接形式Double disc 双闸板Flexible disc 弹性闸板Flange 法兰Hoop 卡箍Inside thread 内螺纹Jacket 夹套Mains 电源Material chemical analysis and mechanical capacity材料化学成份和机械性能materials 材料Materials for main parts 主要零件材料Mechanical capacity 机械性能Max. Discharging Capacity 最大排水量Max. Operating Temperature 最高工作温度Max. Allowable Temperature 最高允许温度Max. Allowable Pressure 最高允许压力Model 型号Name of parts 零件名称nitrogen (N) 氮Nominal bore 公称通径Nominal Pressure 公称压力Nozzle 排气口Outside thread 外螺纹Oxidant 氧化性介质Parallel 平行Piping 管路Piston 活塞Reductant 还原性介质Rising stem 明杆Seal 阀座，密封面Seat testing pressure 压力气密封试验压力Socket 卡套Specifications 性能规范Single disc 单闸板Solid 刚性Strengh testing pressure 强度试验压力Steam , condensate 蒸汽,凝结水Stroke 冲程，行程Water,oil,steam 水,温度,气Wedge 楔式Welding 焊接阀门材质术语英汉对照Atbas metal 镍铬钢Buna-N rubber 丁晴橡胶Casting aluminium brass 铸铝黄铜Casting aluminium bronze 铸铝青铜Ceramic metal 陶瓷金属Chromel alloy 镍铬合金CHR rubber 氯晴橡胶Chrominm-molybdenum-vanadium steel 铬钼钒钢Chromium stainless steel 铬不锈钢Chromium-molybdenum steel 铬钼钢Corrugation pad 波形垫Cuprum alloy 铜合金Ductile Cast iron 球墨铸铁Expanded graphite 柔性石墨Fine Steel Casting iron 优质碳素钢Fluorous rubber 氟橡胶Gray Cast iron 灰铸铁Hayne's alloy 钴铬钨合金High tem perature steel 高温钢Monel 蒙乃尔合金Low temperature steel 低温钢Nylon 尼龙塑料Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTEF) 聚四氟乙烯Polythene 聚乙烯Pure aluminium 纯铝Pure cupper 纯铜14Rubber graphite board 橡胶石墨板Spring steel 弹簧钢Stainless acid-resisting steel 不锈耐酸钢Stainless and Graphite 不锈钢/石墨Stainless steel 不锈钢Steel Casting iron 碳素钢铸件Shell Test Pressure 壳体试验压力Service Fluid 工作介质机械类常用英语：钢材类alloy tool steel 合金工具钢aluminium allo y 铝合金钢bearing alloy 轴承合金blister steel 浸碳钢bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢clad sheet 被覆板clod work die steel 冷锻模用钢emery 金钢砂ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静压力forging die steel 锻造模用钢galvanized ste el sheet 镀锌铁板hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢high speed too l steel 高速度工具钢hot work die steel 热锻模用钢low alloy to ol steel 特殊工具钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢marg ing steel 马式体高强度热处理钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金meehanite castiron 米汉纳铸钢meehanite metal 米汉纳铁merchant iron 市售钢材molybdenum high speed steel 钼系高速钢molybdenum steel 钼钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢prehardened steel 顶硬钢silicon steel sheet 矽钢板stainless steel 不锈钢tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板tough pitch copper 韧铜troostite 吐粒散铁tungsten steel ?钢vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑胶覆面钢板塑件模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold 溢流式模具plsitive mold 挤压式模具split mold 分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston 活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型、射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle 阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道welding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板15guide pin 导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate 缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口diaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Runner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle 延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣机械工程专业英语翻译第一课机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering一、专业英语概述1. 什么是翻译：翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
机械专业中英文对照翻译
机械专业中英文对照翻译In the field of mechanical engineering, there are numerous terms and concepts that require precise translation between English and Chinese. Understanding these terms and how they relate to one another is essential for effective communication in the industry.机械工程领域有很多术语和概念需要在英文和中文之间进行精确翻译。
理解这些术语及其之间的关系对该行业内的有效沟通至关重要。
Below are some key terms and their translations:以下是一些关键词汇及其翻译：1. Mechanical engineering 机械工程学2. Kinematics 运动学3. Dynamics 动力学4. Thermodynamics 热力学5. Fluid mechanics 流体力学6. Mechanics of materials 材料力学7. Robotics 机器人学8. Machine design 机械设计9. Manufacturing 制造业10. CAD (Computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计11. CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造12. CNC (Computer numerical control) 计算机数控13. Finite element analysis 有限元分析14. Stress 应力15. Strain 应变16. Fatigue 疲劳17. Fracture 断裂18. Yield point 屈服点19. Elastic modulus 弹性模量20. Plastic deformation 塑性变形21. Shear stress 剪切应力22. Tensile stress 拉伸应力23. Compression stress 压缩应力24. Torque 扭矩25. Power 功率26. Efficiency 效率27. Lubrication 润滑28. Bearing 轴承29. Gear 齿轮30. Spring 弹簧31. Shaft 轴32. Coupling 联轴器33. Fastener 紧固件34. Welding 焊接35. Machining 加工36. Turning 车削37. Milling 铣削38. Drilling 钻孔39. Grinding 磨削40. Assembly 装配When translating these terms, it is important to consider their context within a particular field or industry. For example, the term “shear stress” may have a slightly different connotation in the context of civil engineering compared to mechanical engineering. Additionally, some terms may have multiple translations depending on the specific application or use case.当翻译这些术语时，考虑到它们在特定领域或行业中的背景非常重要。
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英文原文名《Englsih for die mould Design and Manufacturing》中文译名《模具设计与制造专业英语》文原文版出处：北京大学出版社2006年3月第一版译文成绩：中等指导教师（导师组长）签名：译文：1.3 弯曲模弯曲是一种最常见的成型操作。
我们只需要看看汽车的组件或设备,或在一个回形针，或文件柜——有多少部分是由弯曲成型的。
弯曲不仅用于法兰形式,接缝,起皱,还传授部分刚度(通过增加其惯性矩)。
弯曲使用的术语如图1-19所示。
弯曲过程中,外层纤维材料被拉伸，同时内部纤维收到压缩。
由于泊松比，外部区域部分的宽度(弯曲长度L)越小,在内部区域就比原来的宽度更大。
1.3.1 简单弯曲手工弯曲线时,需要一个由拇指和手指应用于线自然弯曲。
通常一个弯曲的半径是主要使其弯曲的工具。
一个支柱可以是固定和弯曲材料的一种工具，就像在管弯曲，线弯曲，pan-brake弯曲(图1-20)，和夹紧垫模具。
1.3.2 弯曲限额最小弯曲半径随合金及其回火而变化;大多数退火薄金属可以承受的弯曲半径等于材料不开裂的厚度。
更多的韧性金属可以很容易地通过一个180º弯曲而弯曲,比如卷边弯曲操作。
然而,当板料弯曲,其总长度包括弯曲的长度大于原料。
这个长度变化必须经过生产工程师和模具设计师的深思熟虑，因为为了剪切坯料必须已知剪切坯料的长度。
在平焊位置,一块金属板的中性轴和中心线一致。
但在弯曲的位置,中性轴已经转移到距离内半径0.33到0.40 t的一个位置(图1-21).确定改进型坯料长度的关系如图1-21给出，从半径为r + t / 3的象限圆的周长计算中计算中性轴的长度。
在开发复杂的部分的长度时,先把它划分成一系列的直线，弯曲和弧。
三角法可以用来计算未知的尺寸，但要保持三角形的支架平行维度，因为斜边的弯曲角度和延长支架的长度可以很容易在蓝图尺寸上添加或减少。
弯曲的金属的长度可以从以下经验关系计算：AB = 2π(IR+kt)360B = 弯曲余量(中性轴)A = 弯曲角度IR =内弯曲半径t = 金属厚度0.33（IR < 2t）k =0.50（IR > 2t）1.3.3 弯曲工具影响一个弯曲工具的设计和最终工作的各种因素是工具材料的厚度，任何在这个厚度的变化，硬度和回火，弯曲的位置和弯曲程度，纹理方向和可能相互影响几个形状的耦合，因此不可能确定一个最终结果,直到一个工具的调试阶段完成。
图1-22显示了一个简单的工具装配要求，位于中间位置的孔和针；这种类型的工具使用直或弯曲的“支架”部分时是平等的。
软材料的弯曲很少需要任何程度的调整来抵消V 字形的回弹，但对于硬金属来说建议过度弯曲五度。
最初冲头和模具都是调试后由85度角和轻微的磨削成正确的角度制成。
如果其中一个“支架”的形状如Fig.1-23所示可能会出现工件滑落冲头撞击失效，这可以防止正确的长度被获得,但这往往是没有结果的，这是一个问题,有时必须得到关注。
因此，空白必须举行，图1-19显示已经完成的工件上带有长“支架”，最后的工具不用昂贵的生产成本。
倾斜材料意味着调整到V EES与可确保适当的角度通常是一个直角和柱塞第一保持作为空白柱塞下降并退入冲头进一步运动发生。
由于施加的压力，弯曲表面的局部淬火是可取的。
第2章塑料模具2.1简介塑料的处理涉及的固体（有时液体）聚合树脂的转化，这是在随机的形式（如粉末，颗粒，小珠），以特定的形状，尺寸和特性的固体塑料产品。
这是通过一个变换处理，挤出，成型，压延，涂布，热成形装置来实现，等等的方法，为了达到上述目的，一般包括以下操作：固体输送，压缩，加热，熔融，混合，成型，冷却，凝固，和整理。
显然，这些操作并不一定发生在序列中，其中许多同时发生。
成形是必需的，以赋予该材料所需的几何形状和尺寸。
它涉及粘弹性变形和热传递，其通常与从熔融的产物固化相关的组合。
成形包括：（1）两维操作，如模具成型，压延和涂层，和（2）的三维模制和成形的操作。
二维过程是任一连续的，稳定状态的类型（例如薄膜和片材挤出，电线涂层，纸和纸涂布，压延，纤维纺丝，管道和型材挤出等）或间歇如在挤出的相关联的情况下间歇挤出吹塑。
通常，模制操作是间歇性的，并且因此，它们趋向于涉及非稳态条件。
热成型，真空成型，和类似的过程可被视为二次成形的操作，因为它们通常涉及的已成形的形式的整形。
在某些情况下，象吹塑，该方法涉及主要整形（型坯形成）和二次成形（型坯膨胀）。
整形操作包括同时或交错的流体流动和传热。
在二维工序，凝固通常遵循整形处理，而固化和成形倾向于同时发生在模具内部中的三维处理。
流动状态，这取决于材料，设备和加工条件的性质，通常涉及的剪切，拉伸带封闭（包含）或自由表面流动的组合，并一起使挤压流动。
热机械历史期间流动和凝固的结果在微结构（形态学，微晶，和取向distri- butions）的发展中所制造的物品所经历的聚合物。
制品的最终性质密切相关的微观结构。
因此，该工艺和产品质量的控制必须基于树脂性能，设备的设计，操作条件，热机械历史，微观结构，并最终产品特性之间的相互作用的理解。
2.2塑料的性质塑料是从由某些积木式分子的链状附着构造大分子制成的有机材料。
塑料的性能很大程度上依赖于该分子的大小和在分子内的原子排列。
例如，聚乙烯由乙烯结构单元是最初的气体制成。
通过这个过程被称为聚合，链乙烯分子是由乙烯分子内的碳原子的化合价键合而形成的。
高分子量产物，将其结果称为聚合物。
因此，在指定的聚乙烯被用于从气态的对应，乙烯，这是成为聚合的单体区分的高分子量塑料制成。
该“聚”是指“多”乙烯结构单元分子或单体，它们结合形成的聚乙烯塑料分子。
频繁，“树脂”一词时，可互换使用的“聚合物”描述一种塑料材料的骨架分子。
然而，“树脂”有时用于描述天然和合成树脂的浆状液体。
塑料，在成品形式中，很少由专门的聚合物，但也包括其它成分如填料，颜料，稳定剂，和加工助剂。
但是，塑料材料或模塑化合物的指定总是取自聚合物指定。
从广义上讲塑料可以被分成两类：热塑性塑料和热固性塑料。
因为温度对它们的性能影响材料类因此而得名。
2.2.1热固性热固性塑料是这是在他们的原始状态相对无用的聚合物。
当加热到一定温度的化学反应发生，导致分子键合在一起或交联。
硫化和聚合或固化之后，热固性材料保持稳定并且不能返回到其原始状态。
因此，“热定形”标识成为其从加热所得的可用状态设置的那些材料。
通常，热固性聚合物与填料和增强剂混合，得到的成型化合物的属性。
热固性是所有塑料最难和硬的，是固化后的化学不溶性，并且它们的性质较少受到温度变化的比是热敏感的热塑性塑料。
最近的非塑料同行热固性塑料的性质是陶瓷。
的热固性塑料常见的例子有：酚醛树脂，三聚氰胺，脲，醇酸树脂和环氧树脂。
从这些聚合物树脂总是制成模塑化合物包含额外的填料和增强剂，以获得最佳的性能。
2.2.2热塑性热塑性聚合物是热敏感材料，这些材料的固体在室温下，像大多数金属。
在加热时，所述热塑性塑料开始软化并最终达到其熔点，并成为液体。
允许的热塑性冷却到低于其熔点导致再固化的塑料的或冻结。
连续加热和冷却循环引起的熔化冻结周期只是因为它为金属的重复。
该热塑性塑料熔融的事实的基础是其加工成成品部件。
热塑性塑料可以通过这会导致软化的材料的熔化或任何方法来进行处理。
使用熔化的热塑性加工技术的例子是：注塑，挤出，旋转铸造和压延。
其中取软化低于熔点的优点的制造方法是：热成型（真空或压力），吹塑，和锻造。
当然，正常的金属切削技术也可以应用到热塑性塑料中的固体状态。
热塑性塑料的常见的例子是：聚乙烯，聚苯乙烯，聚氯乙烯（PVC），尼龙（聚酰胺）。
2.2.3填料塑料制品往往含有其他添加物质称为填料。
填料被用来增加膨松并帮助赋予所需性质。
含有填料的塑料会固化更快和保持接近既定成品尺寸，由于塑性收缩将减少。
木粉是通用和最常用的填料。
全棉工装，从棉短绒生产，增加了机械强度。
对于较高的强度和耐冲击，棉布切碎成段的1/2英寸的正方形可以与塑料进行处理。
石棉纤维可以用作填料，增加热和耐火性，以及云母，用于模制塑料部件具有优异的介电特性。
玻璃纤维，硅，纤维素，粘土，或简单地说面粉也可使用。
果壳粉来代替，其中一个更好的完成需要木粉。
使用短纤维填料的塑料部件将导致更低的成本，而那些具有更大的冲击强度的长纤维填料是更昂贵。
其它材料，不限定为填充剂，如染料，颜料，润滑剂，促进剂，和增塑剂也可以加入。
增塑剂加入到软化和改善塑料的模塑性。
填料和改性剂加入并与原始塑料混合它被模制或形成之前。
2.2.4塑料属性1.常规属性选择的塑料材料的问题是，发现具有合适特性的材料由预定的服务的角度来看，形成和制造，以及成本的方法。
新的和改进的塑料材料具有几乎任何所需的特性正在不断推出。
有塑料不需要具有较低的温度下具有更大的灵活性，并且是在较高温度下稳定的增塑剂。
一些抗蚀剂水，酸，油和其他破坏性物质。
广泛使用的塑料证明了自己的价值;然而，当把一个新的材料或适应旧材料到新的应用程序时的基本限制应予以考虑。
2.温度的影响塑料是在高温下倾向于刚性和脆性在低温下，并且柔软性和弹性。
压根不稳定尺寸相对于温度，并很容易受到失真和当经受升高的温度下流动。
的热塑性塑料是特别敏感，而热固性塑料是更耐磨，但不同的，仅在程度。
热固性和热塑性树脂的热稳定性之间的区别并不明确。
一个真正的区别，可以得出只有个别塑料之间，而不是类塑料之间。
高温不仅严重降低塑料的力学性能，同时也加快外部代理，他们是敏感的破坏性行动。
连续加热也可以通过增塑剂挥发引起脆性和收缩大量增塑材料。
在与不同的塑料中提出的应用接触使用一种塑料应在可能的“的增塑剂迁移”的光首先进行检查，有时会导致变色或的塑料1的硬化。
在一般情况下，中等温度所需要的存储的塑料在长时间内;低的温度下进行，以避免，因为大多数的塑料的低温脆性的，并且由于迅速丧失机械性能，增塑剂的挥发，和大量变形的易感性的高温应该避免。
3.湿度的影响塑料，只有少数例外，对水的影响非常敏感。
高湿度环境中引起吸水率多样所得效果，这取决于塑料的组合物和制剂应。
增加的水含量塑化一些材料，并有一个普通的降低的机械性能。
吸水率是负责在某些塑料和少数人的最终分解肿胀。
潮湿的环境中可以提取从大量塑化材料的增塑剂，也能提供有利条件真菌的生长。
近年来，然而，新的塑料已开始使用具有一流耐湿性和可含有水无限期而同时抵制其它影响。
极干燥的环境中可能会导致脆化在某些塑料如失水的结果，通常有助于它们的可塑性。
循环干湿环境更破坏性塑料比连续暴露在因为肿胀和水分的吸收和水分排放萎缩引起的，在塑料机械应力恒湿。
相对恒定的，中度至低湿度是优选的，因为水的结构以及这些材料的特性，以及增塑剂损失的萃取和真菌侵袭在潮湿环境中的可能性的不利影响为塑料储存。