似大地水准面的精化

摘要

随着科技的进步及城市测量基准的发展，高分辨率、高精度的城市级似大地水准面已成为现代测绘发展，尤其是信息化城市所必需的基本条件。利用GPS定位技术以及现代地球重力场的确定理论和方法，来建立好精度、高分辨率的区域似大地水准面，具有特别重大的科学意义、社会意义和经济效益。

本文首先系统地介绍了GPS水准拟合法在确定似大地水准面中的应用，将常规的几何拟合法分为函数模型法、统计模型法、综合模型法三大类，详细介绍了他们的原理与特点，在此基础上介绍了GPS水准数据结合地球重力场模型和地形改正模型，采用移去一拟合一恢复法精化大地水准面的理论与实施步骤。

文章最后重点研究了以我国新一代似大地水准面CQG2000

为平台，结合GPS水准数据精化区域似大地水准面的理论与方法。将其作为一个平台，结合部分高精度GPS水准数据，借鉴移去恢复法原理提高区域(似)大地水准面的计算精度。此外，本文给出了具体思想和计算步骤，并对移去恢复方法的可行性和优越性作了分析和探讨，并研究了GPS水准点个数和间距对精化结果的影响。

关键词：似大地水准面；GPS水准；移去-恢复技术；CQG2000

ABSTRACT

With the progress of science and technology and the development of city measurement datum, high resolution and high precision level city like the geoid has become a modern surveying and mapping development, especially the information necessary to the city fundamental conditions. Using GPS technology and modern determination of the planet's gravitational field theory and method, to build good precision, high resolution areas like the geoid, have special major scientific significance, social significance and economic benefits.

This paper first introduces GPS to determine the level of legal in like the geoid, the application of the conventional geometric intends to legal divided into function model method, statistical model method, integrated model method three categories, detailed introduces their principle and features are introduced in this paper with GPS leveling data earth gravity field model and topographic correction model, a move to a unity to refining geoid recovery act the theory and implementation procedures.

Finally, in our country mainly studied a new generation like the geoid CQG2000 as the platform, combined with GPS leveling data refine the area like geoid theory and method. Will it as a platform, combined with high level of GPS data, from the recovery act to remove the principle to improve regional (like) geoid calculation accuracy. In addition, this paper gives the specific ideas and calculation steps, and to remove the feasibility and advantage of recovery method is analyzed and discussed, and the GPS leveling point number and the spacing to refine the affect the result.

Keywords：Like the geoid; GPS level; Remove-recovery technology ；CQG2000

目录

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1 引言 (1)

1.1.1大地水准面似大地水准面 (1)

1.1.2研究的目的及意义 (1)

1.2国内外研究的现状 (3)

1.2.1国外研究现状 (3)

1.2.2国内的研究现状 (5)

1.3本文主要研究内容 (7)

第二章城市区域似大地水准面精化的误差分析 (9)

2.1各种起算面及其相互关系 (9)

2.1.1参考椭球面、大地高系统与大地高 (9)

2.1.2 大地水准面、正高系统与正高 (10)

2.1.3似大地水准面、正常高系统与正常高 (10)

2.2区域似大地水准面精化的误差分析 (12)

2.2.1 GPS水准精度及分辨率对高程异常的影响 (12)

2.2.2重力异常精度和分辨率对高程异常的影响 (13)

2.2.3 DTM精度和分辨率对似大地水准面的精度的影响 (16)

2.3小结概述 (17)

第三章利用GPS水准数据精化似大地水准面的方法 (19)

3.1函数模型法 (19)

3.1.1平面拟合法 (20)

3.1.2多项式拟合法 (20)

3.1.3多面函数拟合法 (21)

3.1.4移动曲面法 (22)

3.1.5神经网络法 (22)

3.2统计模型法 (23)