(推荐下载)专四语法之句子成分
(完整word版)专四语法之独立主格
独立主格结构(Nominative Absolute Structure/ Absolute Construction)由名词或代词主格+ -ing分词、-ed分词、形容词、副词或介词词组等成分组成, 通常在句中起状语从句的作用。
它多见于文学体裁, 能使句子结构紧凑, 形象具体, 描述生动。
1)I.如果独立分词结构表示时间、原因、条件等, 在翻译时, 根据具体的情况可加适当的连词如“因为”, “由于”, “当……”,“……之后”, “如果”, “只要”等, 然后译成状语从句。
例如:2)Th.mea.over,w.bega.t.wor.again.3)吃完饭后, 我们又开始工作了。
4)Weathe.permitting.th.sport.meetin.wil.b.hel.o.Friday..5)如果天气允许的话, 运动会将在星期五举行。
6)Ther.bein.n.coffe.left.the.ha.t.mak.d.wit.tea.7)因为没有咖啡了, 他们只好用茶凑合。
8)Th.presiden.assassinated.th.whol.countr.wa.i.dee.sorrow.总统遭暗杀了,国人都沉浸在深深的悲痛中。
9)Al.flight.havin.bee.cancele.becaus.o.th.snowstorm.w.decide.t.ta k.th.train.因为暴风雨的缘故, 所有的航班都取消了, 我们于是决定坐火车。
Wit.academi.categorie.bein.wha.the.are.th.historia.rarel.tangle.wit.psycho logists.由于各学术领域往往自成一体,历史学家很少会与心理学家发生纠葛。
(..“介词with或without+名词+分词/形容词/副词/介词词组”一致)H.cam.int.th.room.hi.ear.re.wit.cold.他走进房间,耳朵都冻红了。
英语专四语法之句子成分
英语专四语法句子成分(必须的成分:主语和谓语。
可能有的成分:宾语、补语、修饰语「定语、状语、同位语」)主语(1)主语(Subject)一般在句子开头,是句子的“陈述对象”,通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。
如:The students all love their English teacher.这些学生都喜爱他们的英语老师。
They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。
What we need is a good rest.我们需要的是好好休息一下。
“I love you”is often heard on Valentine's Day.情人节时,经常听到有人说“我爱你”。
(2)形式主语与真实主语(Formal Subject and Real Subject)主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时,常会放在句尾,用it代替它原来的位置,这个it 称为形式主语,放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。
如:It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。
(不定式短语为真实主语,it为形式主语。
)It's a pity that you can't come.你不能来真是件遗憾的事。
(句子为真实主语,it为形式主语。
)谓语全部倒装和部分倒装:如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:Here are some registered letters for you.In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”当句首状语为never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus!Now comes your turn.1.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:There comes your turn.有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:Here is China’s largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.2.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:Here we are. This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”3.表语和系动词提前:介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.副词: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an interpreter.6) 句首状语若由only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.宾语(1)宾语(Object)是行为动词的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、名词化的形容词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或句子。
专四语法——精选推荐
一、附加疑问句 (2)二、比较句式 (2)三、倒装 (4)四、虚拟语句 (5)五、非谓语动词 (8)六、从属分句 (10)(一)状语从句 (10)(二)关系从句(定语从句) (13)(三)名词性从句 (14)一、附加疑问句附加疑问句由两部分组成,前面是一个陈述句,后面是一个简短问句,下面分析几种特殊的附加疑问句形式:1. 如果陈述部分是祈使句,附加疑问句部分一般使用will you, w on’t you例如:Pass me some salt, won’t you?递给我一些盐,好吗?2. 如果陈述部分的主语是this, that, these, those时,附加疑问句部分的主语为it或they例如:This is exciting, isn’t it?这很令人兴奋,不是吗?3. 如果陈述部分是一个复合句,则分两种情况:1) 一般情况下,附加疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分的主语保持一致,例如:Mary said her son would come, didn’t she? 玛丽说她的儿子要来,不是吗?2) 但如果陈述部分的主语是第一人称,且谓语动词是suppose, think, believe等,附加疑问句的主语则应该与从句的主语保持一致,例如:I think he will come, won’t he?我认为他会来,不是吗?4. 如果陈述部分是there be存在句,附加疑问句部分的主语也应该用there例如:There are some books, aren’t there?有一些书,不是吗?5. 如果陈述部分中带有否定词或半否定词,如never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加疑问句的谓语要用肯定形式例如:There are rarely extremes of cold or heat in Britain, are there?英国很少出现严寒或酷暑天气,是吗?二、比较句式1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法1) 比较级修饰语(a) 比较级之前的副词修饰语常用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, somewhat, rather, etc.。
(完整word版)专四语法重点总结,推荐文档
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3.形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置5.有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’,‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词7.more 不能用来修饰比较级8.与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9.as much of a……意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上10.none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than11.any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1.can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)2.must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3.need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4.need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事(经常考)虚拟语气1.It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2.It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3.as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。
大学英语四六级语法知识:句子组成成分
大学英语四六级语法知识:句子组成成分大学英语四六级语法知识:句子组成成分导语:句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种。
下面是小编为您收集整理的大学英语四六级关于句子组成成分,欢迎阅读!大学英语四六级句子组成成分如下:1、主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
2、谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
3、宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
4、除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。
主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。
例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。
在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
5、定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的.前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
6、状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等.7、补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成份。
最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
8、表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。
英语四级复习之句子成分介绍
英语四级复习之句子成分介绍
来源:文都图书
英语中的句子是由主语部分和谓语部分组成的。
具体来讲,明确了句子成分,可以帮助大家更好地理解语法、分析句子,对提高英语四级综合能力和整体成绩,都有很大的帮助。
那么,下面就来介绍一下英语四级主要考查的句子成分。
英语四级主要考查下列六中句子成分:
1.主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是一句的主体。
如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。
2.谓语动词(predicate verb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如I study English中的study。
3.表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的,如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的student。
4.宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的,如I study English中的English。
介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语,如They don't work on Sunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday,就是介词on的宾语。
5.定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的,如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。
6.状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的,如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。
对于句子成分的深入了解,还需要做适当的题量。
2015
《大学英语四级考试真题精析与标准预测》,相信可以帮助更深入系统的学习。
专四英语句子成分英语表达
专四英语句子成分英语表达1. 20句英语句子成分分析1.Thefarmcoveredthousandsofacres.2.Don'1.The farm covered thousands of acres.主语the farm ,谓语covered,宾语 thousands of acres2.Don't leave the water running all the time.否定结构的祈使句3.The place is worth to be visited.主语The place,谓语is,动词不定式to be visited作宾语4.Only then did I realiza I was wrong.only在句首的倒装句5.The rest of the apple is rotten.主语The rest of the apple,谓语is,宾语rotten6.I choose to go to work by bus.主语I,谓语choose,动词不定式to go to work by bus作宾语7.There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.主语There,谓语are,宾语plenty of restaurants,动词不定式to choose from作补语8.I met her by chance.主语I,谓语met,宾语her,状语by chance9.I came across an old photo in the drawer.主语I,谓语came across,宾语an old photo,地点状语in the drawer10.The child tried to catch the teacher's eye.主语The child,谓语tried,动词不定式to catch the teacher's eye作宾语11.I intend to finish the text today.主语I,谓语intend,动词不定式to finish the text 作宾语,时间状语today12.She looks young considering her age.主语she,谓语looks,状语young,状语considering her age13.Carry on working while I am away.祈使句.14.To see is to belive.不定式 to see作主语,谓语is,不定式 to believe作宾语15.The worker and writer is from Wuhan.主语The worker and writer,谓语is,状语from wuhan16.Something has gone wrong with my watch.主语Something,谓语has gone,状语wrong,with my watch状语17.They were struggling to get out of the burning car.主语they,谓语were struggling,不定式to get out of the burning car作宾语18.She did want to have what is called mobile phone.主语she,谓语did want,后面不定式是宾语,其中what is called mobile phone是宾语从句19.We think it is necessary to work hard.主语we,谓语think,后面是宾语从句20.Seeking friendship is human nature.动名词主语Seeking friendship,谓语is,宾语human nature。
英语专业四级翻译句子结构
英语专业四级翻译句子结构句子是语言表达的基本单位,在英语翻译中,准确地理解和转换句子结构至关重要。
本文将探讨英语专业四级考试中常见的句子结构,并提供相应的翻译技巧。
一、简单句简单句(Simple Sentence)是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子。
在翻译中,我们需要注意动词形式和时态的变化。
例句1: He studies English every day.翻译:他每天学习英语。
例句2: She is a teacher.翻译:她是一位教师。
二、并列句并列句(Compound Sentence)由两个或多个主句通过连接词(如and,but,or)连接而成。
在翻译中,我们需要注意连接词在汉语中的表达方式。
例句1: Tom likes playing basketball and his sister likes swimming.翻译:汤姆喜欢打篮球,而他姐姐喜欢游泳。
例句2: I wanted to go shopping, but it was raining.翻译:我想去购物,但是下雨了。
三、复合句复合句(Complex Sentence)是包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。
从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或者副词从句。
在翻译中,我们需要根据从句的类型选择合适的翻译方法。
1. 名词从句名词从句(Noun Clause)在句子中担任名词的成分。
常见的引导词有that,whether和疑问词(如who,what,when,where,why)。
例句1: She asked if I could help her.翻译:她问我能否帮助她。
例句2: I don't know where he went.翻译:我不知道他去哪里了。
2. 形容词从句形容词从句(Adjective Clause)在句子中担任形容词的成分,修饰名词或代词。
常见的引导词有that,which,who,whom,whose。
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导时态代词情态动词形容词副词句子成分
• 2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.(2004—51)
一般现在时
• 考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代 替一般将来时。
For example: • So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he
finishes the experiment. • 只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验
一般现在时
• 考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,
仍用一般现在时。
• I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
•
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;
常用的引导词有:
•
•
I have learned English for ten years.
现在完成时
• 考 点 二 : 常 见 的 不 确 定 的 时 间 状 语 : lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, for
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导时态代 词情态动词形容词副词句子成分
1、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点; 表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状 语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 • He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. • She has a brother who lives in New York. • The earth goes around the sun. • Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
英语专业四级考试真题语法部分句子成分
英语专业四级考试真题语法部分句子成分历年英语专业四级真题语法部分1.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is ?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?2. Which of the following italicized parts is used as a subject clause?A. We are certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after 10 days.3. Which of the following italicized phrase indicates a subject-predicate relation?A. Mr. Smith’s p assport has been issued.B. The visitor’s arrival was reported in the news.C. John’s travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells children’s stories.4. Which of the following italicized phrase indicates a predicate-object relation?A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room.B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop.C. Mrs. Blake’s passport was lost.D. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.5. Which of the following italicized parts is used as object complement?A. The fish soup tastes delicious.B. I find learning English difficult.C. The audience fell silent suddenly.D. The old man was found weak.6. Which of the following italicized parts is used as object complement?A. The front door remained locked.B. The boy looked disappointed.C. Nancy appeared worried.D. He seemed to have no money left.7. Which of the following italicized parts is used as a subject?A. We never doubt that her brother is honest.B. The problem is not who will go but who will stay.C. You must give it back to whoever it belongs to.D. It is clear that the crime was done deliberately.8. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. He does not like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.B. it is no use your pretending not to know the matter.C. my parents strongly object to my going out alone at night.D. her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.答案: C D B D B D D C。
句子成分
句子成分一、三种基本句型:1.简单句:(1)主+系+表Eg: It sounds good.✧系动词:表表系动词(seem, appear, look等,表示“看起来像”),感官系动词(feel, sound,taste等),变化系动词(become, grow,turn, fall, get, go, come, run等),终止系动词(prove, turn out, 表示“结果是、证明是”)(2)主+谓(+宾语)Eg: She has left. (主谓)Eg: I bought a new book.(主谓宾)Eg: My mom bought me a ball.(主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)(3)主+谓+宾+宾补Eg: My mom always asks me to help her with the house work.✧宾补:可以是形容词、副词、不定式、分词。
2.并列句简单句+连接词+简单句Eg: She got up early and walked to school this morning.✧连接词:and, so, as, besides, foe as well as等3.复杂句简单句+连接词+从句:名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句Eg: His girlfriend is a theacher who is specialized in English.二、句子成分分类1.主语(Subject):是句子叙述的主体,一般位于句首,但在there be句型、疑问句(当主语不是疑问句时)、倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词、情态动词之后。
可做主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、主语从句。
下面举例专四常考的:①One out of six students was absent from calss. (数词做主语,常与主谓一致一起考)②To see is to believe.眼见为实(不定式做主语)③Smoking is fordiden here. (动名词做主语)④What he said was nonsense. (主从充当主语)2.谓语(Predicate): 说明主语所做的动作或具有的状态。
英语四级语法:句子成分浅析
英语四级语法:句子成分浅析英语四级语法:句子成分浅析句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种。
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
谓语除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。
主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。
例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。
在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的`后面。
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等.补语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成份。
最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
表语用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。
表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
表语一般放在系动词之后。
表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
专四语法之句子成分
四、其他
1、不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时 ,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
2、主语后面跟有including, with, along with, in addition to, as well as, as much as, except, accompanied by等连接的短语时,谓语动词 不受这些词组的影响,与前面的主语一致
3.补语 Complement 弥补主语或宾语意义之不足 I think everything in good order.
They call me Jane. Foreigners are called Lao Wai.
真题: In “How much do you think he earns” how much is ( )of the sentence.
4.all, none, most, majority, part, enough, some, the rest, 等+of…的短语以及more than 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由 所修饰的名词、代词的数决定。
Enough of the data been collected.
To She brought me a pencil. ——She brought a pencil to me. Please show me your passport. ——? 下列动词在双宾语易位时常用到to: award bring give hand lend offer pass pay
5.one and a half+复数名词做主语,动词用 单数
专四语法系列(一)——句子成分
phrase is . (2010, 61)
A. the object
B. an adverbial
C. a complement D. the subject
D
谓语 Predicator
谓语(predicator),是一句话的 中心动作,一定由动词来充当。 在专四中对谓语的考核,主要集 中在时态和语法上。
A
定语 Attribute
定语(attribute),是一句话中对 主语和宾语起修饰、限定的那个 部分,通常由形容词性的词、短 语或从句充当。
状语 Adverbial
状语(adverbial),是一句话中 修饰动词或整句的那个部分,通 常由副词性的词、短语或从句充 当,且介词短语也可充当句子的 状语。 状语可用于表示时间、地点、原 因、结果、方式、目的、让步、 条件等。
C. For all his efforts, he didn’t get an A.
D. Her eyes were red from excessive
reading.
D
表语 Subject Complement
表语(subject complement), 是一句话中位于联系动词后,用 于解释、说明、描述主语的那个 部分,一般由形容词、名词性质 的词、短语或从句充当。
状语 Adverbial
Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE? (2010, 51)
A. Why don’t you do it for the sake of your friends?
B. I wish I could write as well as you.
TEM-4 语法专题1---句子成分划分
句子成分划分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
★主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)often speak English in class. (代词)—of the students in this class are girls.(数词)swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)does harm to the health. (动名词)rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词)we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主从)is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)★谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.…The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
专四语法串讲3英语句子成分结构详解
专四语法串讲3英语句子成分结构详解英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析:>> 主谓宾结构:主语(subject):可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词、主语从句等。
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
成分:名词、代词、形容词Five and five is ten. (数词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)宾语(object):1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语double objects-----间宾indirect object(指人)和直宾direct object(指物)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give,pass,bring,show, buy, find, fetch, get, keep, leave, lend, pass, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write。
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(完整word版)专四语法之句子成分
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句子分析
新增题型有句子成分、句意理解及语法功能.
一、句子成分
句子成分术语: subject主语, predicate谓语, object宾语, dual object双宾语, direct object直接宾语, indirect object间接宾语, complex object复合宾语, cognate object同源宾语, complement补语, subject complement主补,object complement宾补,predicative表语,attribute定语, appositive同位语, adverbial状语, clause从句, nominal clause名词从句, attributive clause/ relative clause定语从句, adverbial clause状语从句,object clause宾语从句, subject clause主语从句, appositive clause同位语从句, adverbial clause of time时间状语从句, adverbial clause of place 地点状语从句, adverbial clause of manner方式从句, adverbial clause of concession让步状语从句, adverbial clause of cause原因状语从句,adverbial clause of result结果状语从句, adverbial clause of purpose目的状语从句, adverbial clause of condition条件状语从句
如:Which of the italicized parts functions as an object?
A.He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.
B.It is no use your pretending not to know the matter。
C.My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night。
D.Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip。
[答案] C
[译文] 下列哪个句子中斜体的部分作宾语?
[解释] A 中斜体部分为介词短语修饰名词;B 中斜体部分为主语从句;C 中斜体部分为宾语,故为本题答案;D 中斜体部分为主语。
二、句意理解
认真对比题干选项,分辨出语义相同和不同的选项。
如:
“The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT ?
A.the man who has prepared the documents…
B.the man who has been preparing the documents…
C.the man who is preparing the documen ts…
D.the man who will prepare the documents…
[答案] D
[译文]下列哪个选项的意思与“The man preparing the document is the firm’s lawyer”不一致?
[解释]本题考查现在分词结构与定语从句的替换。
现在分词表达现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时,但不能表达将来时。
三、语法功能
还有些考题考查选项中的句子或句子中特定成分的语法功能.这类考题需要熟练掌
握句子的结构分析和句意分析,扎实掌握核心语法中的各项语法规则。
Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?
A.She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.
B.For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.
C.Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.
D.He set out for Beijing yesterday。
[答案] A
[译文]下列斜体的短语中,哪一个表示目的?
[解释] A意为“她是说着好玩的,但是其他人当真了。
”,本句中for fun表示目的;
B意为“尽管非常努力,他们还是没能赢得这场比赛。
”,本句中Forall its effort表示转折;
C意为“琳达在那家公司工作了二十年。
”,本句中for twenty years表示时间段;
D意为“昨天,他动身前往北京.”,本句中for Beijing表示方向。
因此,A 为本题答案。