毕业设计英文翻译

附录：英文翻译
附录Ⅰ：Biblioteka Baidu文翻译
Fig. 6.64. Gearbox diagram and gearshift pattern of a conventional 6-speed automatic gearbox (ZF), production design Figure 12.48 In fourth (direct) gear, clutches A and B are closed and planetary gear set III rotates as a block. Reversing the rotational direction in reverse gear is achieved by
附录：英文翻译
• Overhead contact line: The supply of electric power carried out by the traction motor(s) can also be taken over by an overhead contact system, e.g. for city bus applications. With such applications, a small diesel generator may be used to enable manoeuvring operation without recourse to the overhead contact system. Basic system components of a serial hybrid drive: • Generator: preferably a permanent-magnet three-phase synchronous motor (PSM) flanged to the diesel engine; a special design is the transversal flux motor (TFM). • Feed-in: rectifier for converting the three-phase current of the generator into direct current. • Intermediate voltage circuit: electrical energy supply for the traction motors. • Traction inverter: pulse-controlled traction inverter for controlling the threephase AC traction motor with either ASM (asynchronous motor) or PSM design. • Control electronics: driving electronics and hybrid management. For all the drive configurations named, the electric traction motors can be arranged as follows: • The central motor acting directly on a conventional axle drive; no ratio
The diesel generator set serves as a pure power source. Because there is no mechanical coupling, the engine torque does not act directly on the wheels. The electric drive is only responsible for vehicle motion and can principally execute the functions of driving and braking by reversing the direction of the energy flow. In the case of braking, kinetic energy of the vehicle can be fed back by means of the
drive was designed for applications in city buses which can be used for all three of the abovementioned configurations with electric drive: serial hybrid powertrain with diesel generator set, fuel cell drive and electric drive with a connection to an overhead contact system. The following will focus on the EE Drive 1 serial hybrid drive design.
附录：英文翻译
generator activity of the traction motor to the traction battery via the intermediate direct current circuit (recuperation). Additionally, the motor activity of the generator against the compression work done by the combustion engine can eliminate excess braking energy without wear. Finally, the electric energy from the intermediate direct current circuit can be converted via a brake resistor into heat (wearfree permanent brake). In the schematic diagram of the wheel hub drive in Figure 6.66, one electric motor mounted concentrically with the wheel axis acts per driven axle on the left wheel and one on the right wheel, respectively, via a two-stage planetary gearbox. The drive for each of which is though the sun gear and the output via the spider. Both ring gears are fixed to the housing (see Section 6.8.4 “Hub Drives for Commercial Vehicles”). 6.7.6 Continuously Variable Commercial Vehicle Transmissions (CVT) Mechanical continuously variable transmissions are currently not in prospect for commercial vehicles. Pulley transmissions as used in passenger cars (up to 350 Nm) have neither the necessary torque capacity nor the necessary robust-
range. Application: city buses (Figure 6.65a). Possible alternative: design with tandem motors and summarising gearbox (Figure 6.65c). • The central motor acting on a conventional axle drive via a gearbox assembly for speed adjustment, preferably a planetary gearbox; fixed ratio. Application: city buses (Figure 6.65b). Possible alternative: design with tandem motors with two planetary gearboxes and a summarising gearbox (Figure 6.65d). • Single-wheel drive with traction motors in direct proximity to the drive wheels (wheel hub drive) as final drive with gearbox assemblies for speed adjustment, preferably planetary gearboxes, often with two-stage design with no ratio range. Application: city buses, commercial vehicles, special-purpose vehicles (Figure 6.65e). • “In-hull drive”: single-wheel drive with traction motors, e.g. mounted at the centre of the vehicle, which acts on the drive wheels via propeller shafts. Two-stage selector transmission possible (shifting when stationary or during operation, with or without powershifting). Application: special wheeled and tracked vehicles (Figure 6.65f).
the clutch C and the brake F. With a ratio ranging from 3.43 in first gear to 0.59 in sixth gear, the overall gear ratio of the transmission amounts to 5.81 [6.11–6.12, 6.27, 6.47]. 6.7.5 Commercial Vehicle Hybrid Drives Serial hybrid powertrains have a practical relevance for commercial vehicles. They have no mechanical coupling of the engine to the wheels (see Section 3.2.4). The serial hybrid drive has the advantage of being highly flexible in terms of the selection of an electrical energy supply source. The following are possible: • Diesel generator set: This design exhibits the features of the serial hybrid powertrain described in Section 3.2.4. An optional electrical energy accumulator (electrochemical battery or doublelayer capacitors) can be used in the intermediate voltage circuit between the generator and the traction motor(s). The energy storage unit can be used for intermediate storage of energy recuperated during braking or for carrying out purely electric vehicle operation without the combustion engine. • Fuel cell: In this case, the supply of electric power carried out by the traction motor(s) is taken over by a fuel cell (see Section 3.2.3). A hybridisation with an additional battery is recommendable to ensure a system capable of recuperation.
附录：英文翻译
Fig. 6.65. Schematic design types for traction motor applications. a Direct central motor; b central motor with planetary gear set; c tandem motors with summarising gear; d tandem motors with planetary gear set and summarising gear; e wheel hub drive with planetary gear set; f “in-hull drive” with selector gearbox Figure 6.66 shows the electric drive axle EE Drive 1 from ZF. A wheel hub