WordSmith tools' keywords

What are keywords?
A keyword is a word whose relative frequency in an observed corpus is unusually higher or lower than that in a reference corpus.
observed I we 675 2.30% 428 1.53% reference keyness p 216 0.15% 700.12 0.0000000 424 0.28% 547.64 0.0000000
Positive and negative keywords
In a corpus of texts written by corpus linguists, words like type, token, corpus, frequency, concordance, etc. would be much more frequent than they are in a general corpus. In medical texts…… In zoological texts……
Concordance instructed Shirl Winter to compose a note of thanks to be posted on the call board. Bake w and turned away without a smile or a word of thanks. Usually she marked the few who did th started out that way. And he had a feeling- thanks to the girl- that things would get wor laugh. "Guess I can't think of anyone, Pete. Thanks anyhow". A faint crease appeared betwe son, his face worried. Scotty murmured, "No, thanks", so softly his father had to bend his gives the kind of thanks which are more than thanks: to them we are grateful beyond the po ce. To all, the Foundation gives the kind of thanks which are more than thanks: to them we ed by the two-step prepolymer method, today, thanks to new catalysts, they can be produced sing it, I should like to record one vote of thanks to them for the clarity with which the ing at her, I smiled a bleak one which said, Thanks, baby, but I'd rather be alone. She wa hrough an apartment building"- Not a word of thanks for what I'd already done. The receive ntly had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini. Thanks to Letch Feeley and the terrible strai rapping. It gave him a good feeling. "M-m-m. Thanks", was her answer the next day. The not m; Myra appreciated nothing. Jim had put the thanks in his sister's mouth. "Darling"- she announced, "Guess I'll be going now, Ed, and thanks for the warmup". He strolled back to t gs. Would you like a drink, or coffee"? "No, thanks". She stood up, pulled the coat from h ut he hadn't come to Reno for stag dinners. "Thanks", Owen said, "but Friday is a long way of criticisms about the changes here, giving thanks that her dear old father had gone to h f my husband and myself, to send our eternal thanks to all the wonderful people responsibl or travel" are available in separate albums. Thanks to Spoken Arts Records, history buffs t be here to commend them at this time. Many thanks for a job well done. @ The Providence piece of the continent, a part of the main". Thanks to the generosity of Mr& Irving J& Fai 73, this remarkable record was still intact, thanks to his Thursday and Friday rounds of 6 ee weather the game was clicked off in 1:48, thanks to only three bases on balls and some ge of the election, "deserves the praise and thanks of the City of Atlanta" for the manner day to find the words to properly express my thanks to them". An alert 10-year-old safety was privileged to see Mays' four home runs, thanks to a new arrangement made by Bob Howsa
Positive and negative keywords
Negative keywords are words which are much less frequent than they are in a reference corpus. Often used to determined which words are underused.
Positive and negative keywords
Positive keywords are words which are unusually more frequent than they are in a reference corpus. In legal documents, for example, words like act, article, penalty, delinquency, etc. are much more frequent than they are in a general corpus.
Keyness and p value
Keyness
and p value indicate the extent to which a word in an observed corpus is more or less frequent than it is in a general corpus.
Now, is “the” overused or underused in Chinese EFL learners’ texts? Which other words are underused in Chinese EFL learners’ texts?
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100 1wk.baidu.com0
thanks!
Example
WordSmith Tools‘ KeyWords
梁茂成
frank@liang.com.cn
What
are keywords? Positive and negative keywords Using KeyWords analysis in...... How? Keyness and p value Practice
Using KeyWords analysis
In lexicography…… In content analysis and text classification In SLA……
How?
In order to make a KeyWords analysis with Wordsmith Tools, two wordlists are needed. Wordlists show the frequency profiles of words in a corpus.