美国文化与社会

ANSWERS 3 QUESTIONS
God and man Man and man Man and the world
WHAT IS CALVINISM?
“An Augustine monk, denouncing indulgences, introduced a schism in religion, and changed the foundations of European politics; a young French refugee, skilled alike in theology and civil law, in the duties of magistrates and the dialectics of religious controversy, entering the republic of Geneva, and conforming its ecclesiastical discipline to the principles of republican simplicity, established a party, of which Englishmen became members, and New England the asylum. The enfranchisement of the mind from religious despotism led directly to inquiries into the nature of civil government, and the doctrines of popular liberty, which sheltered their infancy in the wildernesses of the newlydiscovered continent…”
Great Presidents
George Washington Thomas Jefferson Monroe Abraham Lincoln Theodore Roosevelt Wilson Franklin Roosevelt John F. Kennedy
REFORMATION AND RESTORATION IN ENGLAND
Henry VIII (1491-1547) Edward VI (1547-1553) Mary I (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603) James I (1603-1625)
PILGRIM FATHERS AND MAY FLOWER
102 sailed in December,1620 47 survived tiБайду номын сангаасl the next March Thanksgiving
WHAT IS CALVINISM
TULIP
T-Total Depravity (Total Inability) U-Unconditional Election L-Limited Atonement (Particular Redemption) I-Irresistible Grace P-Perseverance of the Saints
POPULATION
312,162,000 (2011 estimated)
Standard proportions A B C D E F G H K L
Hoist (width) of flag Fly (length) of flag Hoist (width) of Union Fly (length) of Union
Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, Quakers (founded in 1648), were considered Nonconformists at the time of the 1662 Act of Uniformity. Later, as other groups formed, they were also considered Nonconformists. These included Methodists, Unitarians, and members of the Salvation Army.
RELIGION
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Federalism
The U.S. is one of the world’s “federal” systems, meaning that national power is explicitly shared with subnational units of government, which here we call “states.” Federal systems are typically contrasted with “unitary” states, in which the national government holds all public power.
English Dissenters (such as Puritans and Presbyterians) who violated the Act of Uniformity 1559 may retrospectively be considered Nonconformists, typically by practicing or advocating radical, sometimes separatist, dissent with respect to the Established Church.
THE EARLIEST 13 COLONIES
New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists, including the English Puritans, the French Huguenot and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York), and the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians of the Appalachian back country.
NEW ENGLAND
MID-ATLANTIC STATES
Delaware Maryland New Jersey New York Pennsylvania District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia
APPALACHIAN BACK COUNTRY
NON-CONFORMIST
In England, after the Act of Uniformity 1662 a Nonconformist was an English subject belonging to a non-Christian religion or any non-Anglican church. A person who also advocated religious liberty may also be more narrowly considered as such.
WHO ARE CALVINISTS?
In France the Protestants were called "Huguenots," in the Netherlands "Beggars," in Great Britain "Puritans" and "Presbyterians," and in North America "Pilgrim Fathers," yet all these products of the Reformation which on your Continent and ours bore the special Reformed type, were of Calvinistic origin.
Winner-take-all, single-member-district
elections
Electoral systems get organized in many different ways. In some countries, for example, representatives are elected on a principle called “proportional representation”. In a PR system, if a party wins 40% of the vote in an election it will get roughly 40% of the seats in the representative body, with election districts including potential candidates from different parties to make those numbers work out right. The U.S. system shares with a few other countries the property that each representative is elected from a district in which only one candidate wins. This means that a party could conceivably get 49% of the vote in every district and end up with no seats at all in the U.S. Congress.
Politics
Checks and Balances/ Separation of Powers Government: Federal presidential constitutional
republic Legislature: Congress
— Upper House: Senate — Lower House: House of Representatives Judiciary Political Parties: Democratic, Republican
Diameter of star Width of stripe
1.0 1.9 0.5385 (7/13) 0.76 0.054 0.054 0.063 0.063 0.0616 0.0769 (1/13)
THE EARLIEST 13 COLONIES
New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia