英语字母及字母组合发音规律一览表

字母及字母组合发音规律总结
单元音
1)[i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei
thr ee[θr i:] tr ee[tr i:] m ee t[m i:t] b ee f [b i:f] s ee k [s i:k]
ea t [i:t]t ea [t i:] m ea t [m i:t] l ea ve [l i:v]sp ea k [sp i:k]
h e [h i:]sh e [ʃi:]m e[m i:]
p i ece [p i:s]rece i ve [ri's i:v] ce i ling ['s i:liŋ]
2) [i] 发音字母i y e ey
s i t [s i t] p i cture ['p i ktʃə] l i sten ['l i sən]m i x[m i ks] f i x [f i ks] m i ss [m i s]
m y th[m iθ]man y['men i] happ y['hæp i]d i ctionar y ['d i kʃənər i]
d e fect [d i'fekt] d e cide [d i'said] d e l i cious [d i'l iʃəs]
3)[æ] 发音字母a ai
a ctress['æktris]h a ppy ['hæpi]
b a d[bæd]bl a ck[blæk] gl a d [ɡlæd]
4)[e] 字母组合ea e a
h ea d [h e d] br ea d[br e d] pl ea sure['pl eʒə] m a ny['m e ni]
a ny ['e ni]
e lephant ['e lifənt] el e ctric[i'l e ktrik]s e ll [s e l]l e sson ['l e sən]
5) [ə:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or
g ir l [ɡə:l]sh ir t [ʃə:t]sk ir t [skə:t]b ir d [bə:d]
t ur n [tə:n]b ur n [bə:n]m ur der ['mə:də] n ur se [nə:s]
l ea rn [lə:n] ear n [ə:n] ear th [ə:θ] h ear d [hə:d]
t er m [tə:m] h er[hə:] n er d [nə:d] s er ve [sə:v]
w or k [wə:k] w or m [wə:m]w or k [wə:k]w or ld [wə:ld]
6)[ə] 字母组合er or ou ar o a e u
lead er['li:də]play er['pleiə] speak er['spi:kə]farm er ['fɑ:mə]
act or['æktə]may or['mεə]auth or ['ɔ:θə]tract or ['træktə] Delici ou s [di'liʃəs]graci ou s ['ɡreiʃəs]
f a mili ar [fə'miljə] coll ar ['kɔlə] doll ar ['dɔlə]
t o day[tə'dei]shall o p['ʃæləp]p o lite[pə'lait]a round [ə'raund]a go [ə'ɡəu]
mant a['mæntə] b a nan a [bə'nɑ:nə]famul u s ['fæmjuləs]
7)[a:] 字母组合ar a
c ar[kɑ:]f ar m [fɑ:m]c ar
d [kɑ:d] ar m [ɑ:m]g ar den
['ɡɑ:dn]
f a st[fɑ:st]cl a ss[klɑ:s]l a st [lɑ:s t] gl a ss[ɡlɑ:s]pl a nt [plɑ:nt]
8) [ʌ] 发音字母u o ou oo
u p [ʌp] s u pper['sʌpə] l u nch [lʌntʃ] f u n[fʌn]h u nt [hʌnt]
c o me[kʌm]m o ther['mʌðə]br o ther['brʌðə]l o ve[lʌv] ab o ve [ə'bʌv]
tr ou ble ['trʌbl] r ou gh [rʌf]bl oo d [blʌd]fl oo d [flʌd]
9) [ɔ:]字母组合al or au our ar aw
sm al l [smɔ:l]w al l [wɔ:l] t al k [tɔ:k] t al l [tɔ:l]h al l [hɔ:l] b al l [bɔ:l]
sh or t [ʃɔ:t]m or e [mɔ:] l or d[lɔ:d] h or se[hɔ:s]sp or t [spɔ:t]
d oor[dɔ:]fl oor[flɔ:]au thor ['ɔ:θə]c au ght[kɔ:t] au tumn ['ɔ:təm]
f our[fɔ:]m our n [mɔ:n]c our t [kɔ:t] b ou ght [bɔ:t]
w ar m [wɔ:m] qu ar rel ['kwɔ:rəl]qu ar ter ['kwɔ:tə]
dr aw[drɔ:]s aw [sɔ:]fl aw [flɔ:]
10)[ɔ] 发音字母o a
h o t [hɔt]l o st [lɔst]l o t [lɔt]f o x [fɔks]h o p [hɔp] l o ss [lɔs]
w a nt [wɔnt] w a sh [wɔʃ]
11)[u:] 字母组合oo o u
f oo d [f u:d] m oo n[m u:n]gl oo m[ɡl u:m] br oo m[br u:m] d oo m [d u:m] sh o e [ʃu:]d o [d u:]tw o[t u:]
tr u e [tr u:]tr u th [tr u:θ]bl u e [bl u:]
12)[u] 字母组合oo ou u o
l oo k [l u k]g oo d [ɡu d] f oo t [f u t] b oo k [b u k]
sh ou ld [ʃu d] c ou ld [k u d]
p u t [p u t]f u ll [f u l] b u ll [b u l] p u ll [p u l] p u sh [p uʃ]
w o man ['w u mən]w o lf [w u lf]
双元音
13)[ei] 发音字母a ay ea ai ey
n a me[n ei m] c a ke[k ei k] l a te[l ei t] g a te[ɡei t]pl a ne [pl ei n]
pl ay[pl ei]s ay [s ei]m ay [m ei]w ay [w ei]
gr ea t [ɡr ei t] br ea k [br ei k]
r ai n [r ei n]p ai nt [p ei nt]pl ai n [pl ei n]
th ey [ðei]gr ey [ɡr ei]
14) [ai] 发音字母i y ie igh eye
b i ke[b ai k]f i ne[f ai n] f i nd[f ai nd] d ie[d ai] l igh t ['l ai t] n igh t [n ai t]
m y [m ai]tr y[tr ai] fl y[fl ai]eye [ai]
15) [au] 字母组合ou ow
ou t [au t]fl ou r ['fl auə]gr ou nd [ɡr au nd]acc ou nt [ə'k au nt] l ou d [l au d]
fl ow er ['fl auə] d ow n [d au n] n ow[n au] c ow[k au] t ow n [t au n]
16) [əu] 发音字母o ow oa
h o me [həu m]c o ld[kəu ld]ph o ne [fəu n]h o st[həu st] gh o st [ɡəu st]
kn ow[nəu]l ow[ləu] bel ow[bi'ləu]gr ow[ɡrəu]bl ow [bləu]
b oa t [bəu t]
c oa t [kəu t]g oa l [ɡəu l]
17) [ɔi] 字母组合oy oi
b oy [bɔi]t oy[tɔi]j oy [dʒɔi]
oi l [ɔi l]s oi l [sɔi l] v oi ce [vɔi s]ch oi ce [tʃɔi s]
18) [iə] 字母组合eer ea ear
b eer[b iə]d eer[d iə]ear[iə]id ea[ai'd iə]n ear[n iə] fi er ce [f iəs]
19) [εə] 字母组合ear air
p ear[pεə] b ear [bεə]ch air [tʃεə]air[εə]f air [fεə] c are [kεə]
20) [uə] 字母组合our oor ur ure
h our['a uə] t our [t uə] p oor[p uə]
flo wer['fla uə]sho wer['ʃa uə] E ur ope ['j uərəp]p ure [pj uə]
辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [η] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cou gh lau gh rou gh physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
li c ense city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
li c ence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [Ө] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [ð]that this those these though
18) [ʃ] sh eep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station social special sure
19) [З] plea s ure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch teach (字母组合ch）
ca tch wa tch ma tch（字母组合tch)
24) [dЗ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [æ] [ə] [a:] []
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [ə] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [İ]
high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [əu] [u:] [Λ] [ə] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju:] [u] [Λ] [ə]
university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dЗ] [η]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同,注意区别在音节前后的发音listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [η]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r]
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [İ] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [ə] [Ɔ:]
farm card garden mark
dollar popular solar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [iə]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break
idea realize
14) ear [ə:] [iə]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [ə:] [ə] [iə]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16）ere [iə] [εə]
here mere
there
17) ir [ə:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire [di’zaiə]
18) oo [u:] [u] [Λ] [Ɔ:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
附：I.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。

如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),room(房间)等;
II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。

如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等.有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。

如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),特例词:foot[u](脚);
IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。

如:good(好),book(书),look(看) ,特例词:food[u:](食物);
V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。

如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[Λ]的音。

如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
巧记方法: oo读长还是短,记住口诀就简单。

d, k之前读短[u],food一词是特例; t前读长[u:],foot需要特殊记; 复合词
中要读短,其余多数读长[u:];
19) or [ Ɔ:] [ə:] [ə]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ Ɔ:] [uə]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [uə] [Ɔ:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn 哀悼，忧伤，服丧
22) ou [au] [Λ] [ə]
house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [əu] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) s [z] [s]
nose suppose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [Ө] [ð] （找不到相应的字符表示）
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [ʃən] [Зən]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [ʃən]
station nation translation attention question
开音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e
kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
(相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. )
2)辅音+元音he hi go no do be tree three hello
(对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.)
闭音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音it is of in on up out ant
(单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup)
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中[ əe] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中[i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中[əu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中[ɔ]
clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中[Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [ə] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [e] hundred student open weekend
[i] chicken pocket begin children
i [ə]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [ə] second tonight somebody welcome
[əu] also zero photo
u [ə] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
另外：动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例
如:July influence February issue
重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion; 有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读,如:scientific impression nation.
关于语音的几个概念:
Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）
KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和John Albert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。

DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典(English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。

它们代表
了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。

1888年国际语音协会(International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。

国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标(DJ) 和美式发音的KK 音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典(English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典(A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。

值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号(IPA) 而来，Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.。