武汉大学——比较文学与世界文学专题2001年博士研究生入学考试试题

武汉大学——比较文学与世界文学专题2001年博士研究生入学考试试题

一。20分。AB任选

A。莎士比亚的《麦克白》是怎样将主人公的内在心理感受和精神状态“外化”为舞台形象的？表现主义文学（如奥尼尔的《琼斯皇》）又是如何系统的运用这类“外化”手法的？

B。以你熟悉的世界文学作品为例，谈谈你对用喜剧性情节表达悲剧性内涵这一艺术手法的见解。（说明：不限于戏剧，也可以举小说等为例。）

二。30分。在你所涉猎的世界文学作品中，你对哪一部印象最深？描述你阅读它事的初始感受，然后从理论上对你的这些感受进行反思，剖析和评价。

三。20分。CD任选

C。结合具体的作家和作品，论述中西诗歌的区别性基本特征。

D。从T。S。艾略特在《批评的功能》中所阐述的文学“总体论”出发，结合其他西方学者的相关理论，论述民族文学，总体文学与比较文学的相互关系。

四。30分。古希腊的柏拉图在《伊安篇》中提出了“迷狂说”。中国宋代诗学家严羽在《沧浪诗话。诗辨》中提出了“妙悟说”。结合他们的具体论述，以“迷狂说与妙悟说”为题，从学说产生的时代与社会环境，诗任的创作过程，艺术心理的运动规律等层面进行比较和辨析

一，选择

10个。

魏晋南北朝之前的较多（《诗经》成书方式、三曹、陆机文风、西晋文风等各一个），宋人词集题一个，元杂剧一个，“前四史”一个……

二，词语解释

1 游仙诗

2 苏门四学士

3 台阁体

4 南洪北孔

5 西曲

6 北地三才

7 《录鬼簿》

还有一个，却暂时记不起了。

三，简答

1 《七发》在赋史的影响及地位

2 《桃花扇》是否优秀历史剧？为什么？

3 李煜词的艺术特点

四，论述（3选2）

National English Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students

PAPER ONE

Part I Listening

Section A o

Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear 15 short conversations between two speakers.

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations a nd questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from th e four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

For Example: A B D

1. A. John is good at painting.

B. John’s sister’s son is good at painting.

C. The woman suggest the man take up painting.

D. The woman is making fun of the man.

2. A. He has a fried who majored in economics.

B. He hasn’t taken mo re than one economics course.

C. He’s been learning a lot this year, too.

D. He couldn’t make any sense out of his course.

3. A. Check the price of calculators. B. Finish his statistics homework.

C. Look for a job in mathematics.

D. Use a smaller calculator.

4. A. Because the police stopped him. B. Because the driver charged too much.

C. Because he had been robbed.

D. For no good reason.

5. A. Take some more vegetables. B. Pass the woman the meat.

C. Avoid taking any more food.

D. Help to prepare the potatoes.

6. A. In her office. B. In the library.

C. In the laboratory.

D. In the conference room.

7. A. Professor Miller offered more help than he had expected.

B. Professor Miller will not discuss the topic with him.

C. He asked Professor Miller for some books.

D. Professor Miller gave him more books than he had requested.

8. A. She thinks the explanations are difficult.

B. The explanations will be added in a later edition.

C. She thinks the book should include more information.

D. The book includes an explanation of all the answers.

9. A. He probably supports nuclear power plants.

B. He probably opposes nuclear power plants.

C. He probably no opinion on this topic.

D. He probably tries to understand both sides.

10. A. Use every minute of their time wisely.

B. Live there until the final time.

C. Finish their assignments early if possible.

D. Save the lab samples.

11. A. She is dependable. B. She is hard-working.

C. She is kind.

D. She is helpful.

12. A. It made her ill.

B. She believes the refreshments could have been better.

C. She feels regret about the lack of success.

D. She felt that her clothes were inappropriate.

13. A. She likes to get E-mails.

B. She hasn’t seen her friends just lately.

C. She lives in the same house with the man and woman are talking.

D. She is their best friend.

14. A. He doesn’t need a green pen.

B. He never bought a green pen.

C. He never returned the woman’s green pen to her.

D. He doesn’t have a green pen with him.

15. A. Bill will buy the car as soon as he gets the money.

B. Bill’s friend is buying the car from him.

C. Bill can’t afford to buy a new car.

D. Bill has already made the down payment on the car.

Section B o

Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are fiv e questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

For Example: A B D

Talk One

16. A. A nutritionist. B. A professor.

C. A dining hall manager.

D. A doctor.

17. A. A note for his doctor. B. A dining hall pass.

C. A list of restaurants.

D. A food chart.

18. A. He’s an athlete. B. He has high blood pressure.

C. He has a high cholesterol level.

D. He’s overweight.

19. A. In the hospital cafeteria. B. In his room.

C. In restaurants.

D. In the dining hall.

20. A. Angry. B. Hungry.

C. Relieved.

D. Tired.

Talk Two

21. A. Fire prevention. B. Pest control.

C. House construction.

D. Toxic chemicals.

22. A. It’s cheaper. B. It’s safer.

C. It’s quicker.

D. It’s readily available.

23. A. To keep the heat inside.

B. To prevent insects from escaping.

C. To reduce the risk of fire.

D. To keep the wood dry.

24. A. To show that the treatment will not cause fire.

B. To emphasize the dangers of the old method.

C. To explain a step in the new technique.

D. To illustrate a compromise between old and new systems.

25. A. Above 125 degrees Centigrade. B. About 50 degrees Centigrade.

C. Around 65 degrees Centigrade.

D. At 80 degrees Centigrade.

Talk Three

26. A. Read and commented on the proposed topics.

B. Had conferences with some students.

C. Returned the topic papers to her students.

D. Realized their research papers are due in six weeks.

27. A. A recent textbook assignment. B. Requirements for the final examination.

C. Choosing research topics.

D. Preparing an outline for a paper.

28. A. Immediately. B. The following week.

C. In two weeks.

D. At the end of the semester.

29. A. To present final papers. B. To give a model of outline style.

C. To discuss the preliminary outline.

D. To discuss final grades.

30. A. With a thesis statement. B. With a list of references.

C. With a summary of the conference.

D. With the student’s name.

Part II Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

31.The fact is, doctor, I just can't _____ this dreadful cough.

A. get out of

B. get rid of

C. get down to

D. get round to

32. After eight hours at the wheel of the lorry, the driver was beginning to feel the _______.

A. nervousness

B. tension

C. strain

D. extension

33. The Chinese government is determined to ____ the established policy of developing agriculture.

A. go after

B. go by

C. go ahead

D. go on

34. The Manager has asked to see the sales _____ resulting from our recent advertising campaign.

A. numbers

B. figures

C. amounts

D. quantities

35. The local medical officer reported a serious _____ of food-poisoning.

A. state

B. incident

C. outbreak

D. event

36. They didn’t know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and ___ __.

A. blunder

B. slip

C. error

D. mistake

37.I was going to say something about the matter; but _____ I gave it up.

A. on second thoughts

B. on the whole

C. at the thought of

D. on second thought

38. Even if it is a cold day, I think cool water looks _______.

A. inviting

B. distasteful

C. disgusting

D. repulsive

39. The man’s face was _______ from his infected tooth despite his visit to the dentist.

A. bulging

B. swollen

C. dilated

D. expanded

40. Similar ethical questions ______ as advances are made in such areas as organ transplant and

fetal in utero surgery.

A. appeal

B. arise

C. arouse

D. abuse

Section B

Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four other words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the me aning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

41. Many people came to donate blood of their own accord.

A. willingly

B. for their own sake

C. of their own

D. without the help of others

42. When natural gas burns, the hydrocarbon molecules break up into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.

A. contract

B. vaporize

C. collide

D. separate

43. The outlook for the patient will be further aggravated by any associated hypertensive process.

A. destroyed

B. worsened

C. aggrieved

D. complicated

44. In the system of ethics known as utilitarianism, the rightness or wrongness of an action is judged by its consequences.

A. cost

B. necessity

C. results

D. relevance

45. The pilot made one last frantic distress call before he bailed out.

A. little

B. desperate

C. routine

D. futile

46. At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great inter est among the guests.

A. appetizing

B. cooling

C. warming

D. stimulating

47. The number of hours that have intervened between the accident and operation is a crucial facto r.

A. interfered

B. interlaced

C. interposed

D. interlinked

48. “Suffocation” dreams are concerned with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold.

A. suffusing

B. suffering

C. cutting off

D. choking

49. We hope this radio will help overcome the tedium felt during your stay in the hospital.

A. pain

B. loneliness

C. boredom

D. nervousness

50. He is not yet well enough to dispense wi th the doctor’s services.

A. give heed to

B. pay no attention to

C. do away with

D. do without

Part IV Cloze (10%)

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D listed below. Choose the correct answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

In former times, doctors in Taiwan, who were considered saviors, were greatly admired. This is not only because they were able to 51 sick people of their pain and save their lives, but also b ecause they demonstrated an 52 willingness to help the sick. However, now in this industrial wor ld, people are 53 to chase material possessions. This is true 54 doctors, too. The high income of doctors is the 55 of other people. Many high school graduates are eager to get into medical colleges, and countless girls consider doctors to be their best choice of husbands. For many years the public has 56 that doctors in public hospitals demand money from inpatients. The amount of money the patients give determines the kind of 57 they receive. It has also been said that a lar ge pharmaceutical factory set up by U.S. investors declared that it would stop giving kickbacks（回扣）to doctors 58 the factory has spent too much money 59 sales over the years. This declarati on has caused quite a stir in our society. We wonder 60 the officials who have denied the dealin gs mentioned above will say about this.51.A.releaseB.relieveC.depriveD.reduce52A. admirableB.advis ableC. appreciableD. acceptable53.A.tendedB.opposedC.inclinedD.persuaded54.A.withB.forC.toD.of55.A. https://www.360docs.net/doc/934362062.html,rmationB.treatmentC.a dviceD.interpreta- tion58.A.ifB.asC.thoughD.when59.A.promotingB.contributingC.manipulatingD.induci ng60.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether

Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part of the test there are six passages. Following each passage there are fiv e questions with four choices. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark th e boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37oC; a depar ture of a few degrees from this value seriously im pairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily tempera ture.

For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate a nd meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blood ed’ and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other crea

tures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this clas sification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)—each cold-blooded—usually ha s a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the n ext distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homothe rms（同温动物）, and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilothe rms(变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are man y that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, an d their body temperatures remain constant.

The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by interna l metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物), and the latter are called ecto therms (外温动物). Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by lo comoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments.

61. The passage mainly discusses _______.

A. body temperatures of various animals

B. the newest research on measuring temperature

C. methods of temperature reduction

D. the classification of animals by temperature regulation

62. Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?

A. Warm-blooded.

B. Ectothermic.

C. Cold-blooded.

D. Poikilothermic

63. In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated _______.

A. consciously

B. internally

C. inadequately

D. environmentally

64. According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by _______.

A. seeking out appropriate locations

B. hibernating part of the year

C. staying in deep water

D. triggering certain metabolic processes

65. According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by _______.

A. choosing favorable environments

B. internal metabolic processes

C. eating more food

D. doing physical exercises

Passage Two

The narrow passage ended in a round arch fringed with ivy and creepers. The children passed throu gh the arch into a narrow ravine whose banks were of stone, moss-covered. Trees growing on the top of the bank arched across and the sunlight came through in changing patches of brightness. The pa th, which was of greeny-grey stones where heaps of leaves had drifted, sloped steeply down, and at the end of it was another round arch, quite dark inside, above which were rose rocks and grass an d bushes.

“It’s like the outside of a railway tunnel,” said Jimmy.

“It might be the entrance to an enchanted castle,” said Kathleen.

Under the drifted damp leaves the path was firm and stony. At the dark arch they stopped.

“There are steps down,” said Gerald.

Very slowly and carefully they went down the steps. Gerald struck a match when the last step was found to have no edge and to be in fact the beginning of a passage turning to the left.

“This,” said Jimmy, “might take us back to the road.”

“Or under it,” said Gerald, “we’ve come down eleven steps.”

They went on, following Gerald, who went very slowly for fear, as he explained, of steps. The pas sage was very dark.

Then came a glimmer of daylight that grew and grew and presently ended in another arch that looke d out over a scene so like a picture out of a book about Italy that everyone’s breath was taken a way, and they simply walked forward silent and staring. A short avenue of cypresses led, winding a s it went, to a marble terrace that lay broad and white in the sunlight. The children, blinking, l eaned their arms on the flat balustrade (栏杆) and gazed.

Immediately below them was a lake with swans and an island with willow trees, and among the trees gleamed the white figures of statues. Against a hill to the left was a round white building with pillars and to the right a waterfall came tumbling down among mossy stones to splash into the lake. Steps went from the terrace to the water and other steps to the green lawns beside it. Away acros s the grassy slopes deer were feeding and in the distance was an enormous house of grey stone, lik e nothing the children had ever seen before.

“It is an enchanted castle,” said Gerald.

“There aren’t any enchanted castles,” said Jimmy, “you ought to know that.”

“Well, anyway, I’m going to explore,” said Gerald. “You needn’t come if you don’t want to.” The others followed. There never was such a garden—out of a picture or a fairy tale. They passed quite close to the deer, who only raised their heads to look and did not seem startled at all. Af ter a long stretch of grass, they passed under an avenue of lime trees and came into a rose garden bordered with thick hedges.

“I know we shall meet a gardener in a minute and he’ll ask what we’re doing here, and then wha t shall we say?” Kathleen asked.

“We’ll say we’ve lost our way, and it will be quite true,” said Gerald.

66. When they came out of the last arch the children were silent because _______.

A. they were out of breath

B. they were amazed at what they saw

C. the light hurt their eyes

D. they saw an Italian picture

67. From the terrace the children were able to see _______.

A. a lake with trees growing in it

B. some swans among the trees on an island

C. a lake just behind them

D. some statues on an island in the lake

68. How was it possible to reach the lake from the terrace?

A. There were some steps leading down.

B. There were some steps leading right.

C. There was a waterfall going down to the lake.

D. There were steps to some stones.

69. Kathleen thought that if they met a gardener _______.

A. he would think they had lost their way

B. he would know why they were there

C. they would ask him why they were there

D. he would ask them why they were there

70. The story suggests that the children _______.

A. had been told about the castle before

B. had seen pictures of the castle in a book

C. had no idea what they were going to see

D. knew they were going to see something wonderful

Passage Three

There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspapers classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a j ob, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone loo king for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

“Contact us before writing your application,” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your resume or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and appa rent success of s uch a specialised service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the resume (or job history), with the sugges tion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offere d to young people applying for their first jobs when they left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and we re available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advi ce then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widel y used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed f or the job in view.

There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university educat ion at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the r esume.

71. According to the passage, the new type of advertisements _____.

A. informs job hunters of the chances available

B. promises useful advice to job-hunters

C. divides available jobs into various types

D. informs employers that people are available for work

72. Now a demand for this type of service has been created because _____.

A. there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people

B. there are so many top-level jobs available

C. there are so many people out of work

D. the job history is considered to be a work of art

73. It the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _____.

A. write an initial letter giving their life history

B. pass some exams before applying for a job

C. have no qualifications other than being able to read and write

D. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview

74. When applying for more important jobs, one had better include in the letter _____.

A. something attractive in one's application

B. a personal opinion about the organisation one wanted to join

C. something that would offend its reader

D. a lie that one could easily get away with telling

75. The resume has become so important because _____.

A. of an increase in the number of jobs advertised

B. of an increase in the number of applicants which degrees

C. of much more complicatedness of jobs today

D. it is less complicated than other application processes

Passage Four

The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed (纯粹的), unslanted (不偏不倚的), objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more, it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting Ameri can journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the p ossible exception of such scribblings (胡乱拼凑的文章) as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic s train, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.

There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering rough and dangerous waters, the swirling (令人头晕脑胀的) tides of opinion. This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to th e “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts eno ugh?

As to the first question, consider how a so-called “factual” story comes about. The reporter co llects, say, fifty facts, out of these fifty, his space allocation being necessarily restricted, h e selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment No.1. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is Judgment No.2. Th en the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on twenty-four where it has little. Judgment No.3.

Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgm ents are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in w hich reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and the ir “news neutralism,” arrive at a concl usion as to the significance of the news.

The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective ra

ther than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those fac ts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story-promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.

76. The most appropriate title for the passage would be _______.

A. Everything Counts

B. Three Judgments

C. Interpreting the News

D. Choosing Facts

77. A reporter selects ten out of fifty available facts because _______.

A. his editor is prejudiced

B. space is limited

C. he wants to simplify a complex story

D. the subject is not important

78. It can be inferred that the author thinks, in writing a factual story, the writer _______.

A. must use judgment

B. should limit himself to the facts

C. should make the story interesting

D. should slant (歪曲) the story

79. The least effective w ay of “slanting” news is by _______.

A. selection

B. ignoring it

C. focusing on local news

D. interpretation

80. Placement of a story on page one or page twenty-four will control its ....

A. impact

B. accuracy

C. relative importance

D. neutralism

Passage Five

Until a few years ago most experts believed that young children couldn’t lie. The late developme ntal psychologist Jean Piaget believed that children under 7 had trouble distinguishing between fa ntasy and reality and couldn’t b e held accountable for untruths. But recent research indicates th at children as young as 4 are quite capable of telling a deliberate lie to get out of trouble. Res earchers believe the fear of a parent’s disapproval discourages a very young child from lying. Bu t by the age of 8 disapproval is not enough. A child should understand the consequences of the lie and the ways in which it destroys trust.

A child who lies a lot may be asking for help. Recent research suggests that kids who are being t reated for psychological problems lie almost three times as much as well-adjusted kids. A study in England in the early 1970s showed that one third of the children identified as chronic liars by t heir parents ended up being convicted of theft later on. Other studies indicate that children who have manipulative personalities are skilled at telling lies to get what they want. Two decades ago researchers devised a morality test called a Mach scale. They found that kids who scored high in Mach characteristics-cynicism, desire for power-often lied to achieve their goals.

How should honesty be taught? It seems that harsh punishment, thought by many parents to discoura ge lying, may actually increase it. “It creates a fear of punishment, rather than an internalized belief in mor al behavior,” psychologist Paul Ekman says. To help a child realize the damage lying does, a parent might use tales like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” for younger children and draw objec t lessons from the news as the kids grow older.

Just because parents learn why lies occur doesn’t mean they should accept them. Psychologists en

courage parents to expect their children to be truthful. Ekman counsels parents to set a good exam ple, avoiding even white lies as much as possible, and to stress the family’s bond of tr ust. He a lso reminds parents that they must remain compassionate. “A terrible act, a desperate lie to conc eal it, needs to be punished,” he writes. “But it also needs to be forgiven.”

81. Until a few years ago most experts believe that young children could n’t lie because they are _______.

A. unconscious of the wrong or right

B. slightly influenced by surrounding people

C. unable to differentiate illusion from truth

D. ignorant of the idea of honesty and dishonesty

82. Recent research indicates that children as young as 4 are quite capable of telling a deliberat

e lie because they want to _______.

A. ask for permission to do something

B. get out of some difficulties

C. get something to eat or play

D. be given love by the parents

83. The lying of children by the age of 8 should be discouraged by _______.

A. simple disagreement

B. physical punishment

C. showing disgust for them

D. making them know the consequences of lying in addition to disagreement

84. For children, harsh punishment can _______.

A. effectively discourage lying

B. discourage lying to a certain extent

C. discourage lying only in vain

D. actually strengthen lying

85. The article gives one an impression that children’s bad habit of telling lies can be effectiv ely overcome _______.

A. by force

B. by inducement

C. by satisfying their needs

D. by example, feeling and reason

Passage Six

Among all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer; more than 100,000 Americans die of the disease, giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit contain ing a form of vitamin A called carotene (胡萝卜素).

The finding, published in THE LANCET, is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease. Since 1957, some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2, 000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shekelle o f St. Luke’s Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the sub jects’ dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitam in A offers some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, explains Shekelle, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial (上皮的) tissue that lines the airw ays of the lungs.

Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the v itamin. “Preformed” vitamin A, known as retinol (维A醛), is found mainly in liver and dairy pro

ducts like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, wh ich is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoe s, sweet potatoes and apples.

In the study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A. But when they examined the dat a on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lo west level of carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the same siz e that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for long-time smokers—but to a lesser degree.

Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, be cause the tablets contain a form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instea d, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes goods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.

86. The word “malignancy” (line 1, para. 1) most probably refers to _______.

A. cancer

B. sickness

C. vitamins

D. disease

87. Preformed vitamin A is NOT found in _______.

A. milk

B. eggs

C. apples

D. cheese

88. Carotene is present in all of the following EXCEPT ..

A. tomatoes

B. carrots

C. squash

D. butter

89. Among the groups studied, who had the most cases of lung cancer?

A. Those with the lowest level of carotene intake

B. Those with the highest level of carotene intake

C. Those who ate only foods containing carotene

D. Those with the lowest intake of carrots

90. What is needed to establish firmly the link between carotene and lung cancer?

A. Further study.

B. More money.

C. More cases of lung cancer

D. More people willing to eat carrots.

试卷二答题纸姓名准考证号考

点注意：密封线内作答无效ANSWER SHEET 试卷二答题纸 (Paper Two) Part V Writing (2 0%) (50 minutes) ___________________________________________________

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PAPER TWO

Part V. Writing (20%) - (50 minutes)

Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 20 0 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your cover all the major points of the arti cle.

前不久，北京的一家医院，推出了“亚健康门诊”，全国首家亚健康康复中心在天津成立。何谓亚健康？如何看待和去掉这个“亚”字？越来越多的都市人开始关注这个话题。

先看一个例子：一位在高校做教师的李先生，32岁可看上去比实际年龄大好几岁，他说他都是因为失眠的原因。上学时就睡眠不足，紧张了吃安眠药。工作后，每天搞科研，到了晚上就睡不着觉，各种安眠药都试过了，中药吃了不少，也是收效甚微。白天晕呼呼的，感觉比有病还难受。

笔者见到一位年龄并不大的田女士，丈夫的工资高，她辞职在家，长时间悠闲的生活却使她由干练变得无精打采，整天没一点精神，对什么事都提不起兴趣。

象上述的例子很多，现代都市人常会出现这样的情况：觉得自己心慌、气短、浑身乏力，但心电图显示却很正常；头晕、头痛，可是到医院横查竖查，发现血压和脑电图也没什么异常。通俗地说，如果你出于那种查不出毛病，却全身不舒服的状态之中，就至少表明，你已经不在健康之列了。全国卫生组织的调查表明，城市中25岁至45岁之间的白领阶层的紧张综合症、慢性疲劳和心脑血管代谢方面有所异常的情况最为突出，且女性占多数。有人调查某大报的记者、编辑，发现70%的人存在高血脂倾向、脂肪肝倾向。在竞争激烈的企业家和科技精英中，此类情况更为严重。某医学院的调查发现，该校102名40岁以上的高级知识分子中，仅2人勉强属于健康者，剩余的都处于亚健康或不健康状态。

从医学心理学角度讲，这些症状的产生可能是由于繁多的社会信息刺激，人的交感神经长期兴奋引起了身体亢奋，配合失调，从而形成“亚健康”的病理基础。显而易见，“亚健康”是介于健康和非健康之间的一种身体的灰色状态，这是因为现代人生活和工作节奏的加快，竞争日趋激烈，人们的心理承受能力不断加重而引起的。亚健康虽然不是疾病，却是现代人身心不健康的一种表现。

很显然，“亚健康”是不同于一般疾病的“无形疾病”，医学上称为“不定陈述综合症”，特征是患者体虚困乏、失眠、休息质量不高、注意力不集中等，全面系统检查、化验或者影响检查时，往往还找不到肯定的病因所在。专家分析说，亚健康人群的高危因素大都与现代不良的生活方式和行为习惯有关。

在长期吸烟者中，肺癌、喉爱、冠心病的患病率增加；不良的饮食习惯和不合理的饮食结构也易导致亚健康状况，

如偏食动物类食品，吃得过多、过咸、过甜等。

有关教授指出，现代人出门有汽车，上楼有电梯，工作有电脑，做饭、洗衣等日常家务都是机器人代劳，体力劳动的减少，已使成人出现了超重和肥胖及相关的糖尿病、高血压、高血脂、冠心病和中风等，成为现代威胁人类健康的主要“富贵病”。

快节奏、高效率的现代社会，人们长期处于竞争激烈、心理压力大、超负荷运行的紧张状态中，如不能及时化解，很容易产生慢性疲劳和心情压抑，尤其具有某些特定个性的人群更应重视亚健康状况，如具有强烈的好胜心、急躁的人、患冠心病的可能性增加，性格内向、长期抑郁又不善于表达情感的人，肿瘤的发生率增高。

“亚健康”是一种心身共有的失常状态，紧张刺激会使大脑皮层始终处于紧张之中，内脏神经调节失常，“亚健康”状态逐渐加重。如果说“亚健康”需要治疗的话，心理治疗首当其冲。在北京、天津等地，已经有了“心灵按摩”，不愿意在医生面前袒露心扉，可以当着计算机进行诊断，再进行心理咨询和治疗。当然，对于个人而言，最重要的还是要养成健康的生活和工作习惯。

现代女性因为生活工作压力的增加，又加上生理和心理的双重负担，更易患上这类“亚健康”状态，专家们针对女性的心理生理特点，提出了一些实用的保健建议。

稳定情绪：要注意心理平衡，情绪稳定，心胸豁达，防止过激情绪。年轻的办公室女性应在繁忙工作中保持坦然平静的心态，不要人为地把工作压力塞进身体里，令内脏和神经系统也不得安宁。

防止便秘：冠心病或高血压病人应注意保持大便通畅，注意经常饮水，养成定时排便习惯。

很多办公室女性会因长时间坐着工作，工作时忘记摄入足够的水等原因而养成便秘的习惯。其实便秘对于心血管病人是非常危险的事，患者在排便时犯病的机率高于其他时间。

少说为佳：有资料表明，高血压病人讲话半分钟，即可使血压增高，使心肌耗氧量增加而发生心梗，所以不宜说话过多。唠叨似乎能令女性感到压力排解的舒畅，但说话多却令心脏负担增加，所以，即使你在工作中感到十分焦虑烦躁，也不要尝试长篇大论，喋喋不休地大讲你的麻烦，也许会给你的心脏带来更大的麻烦。

防寒保暖：寒冷季节，心脏病人需注意防寒保暖，寒冷刺激会使冠状动脉发生痉挛，血液淤滞，血流缓慢，引起心梗。爱美的女孩子们总是希望有机会向别人显示自己优美的身段，即使在冬季她们也不太愿意穿太厚重的衣物。但是很不幸，寒冷刺激会使心脏不适加剧，如果你已有过心慌、胸闷、恶心等症状那就更要小心不要让心脏着凉。

This is the end of Model Test 1.

Model Test 1

Answer Key

Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1.B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. D9. D10.D11.B12. B13. A14. D 15.C16. D17.D18. B19. D20. C21. B22. B23. A24. A25. C26. A27. D28. B29. C30. APart II. VocabularyS ection A31. B32. B33. B34. B35.C36. C37. A38. A39. A40. BSection B41. A42. D43. B44. C45. B46. D47. A48. D49. C50. DPart III. Cloze51. B52. A53. C54. D55. C56. A57. B58. B59. A60. APart IV. Reading Comprehension61. D62.A63.B64.A65.B66. B67. D68. A69. D70. C71. B72. C73. D74.A75.B76. C77. B78. A 79. D80. A81. C82. B83. D84. D85. D86. A87. C88. D89. A90. APart V. WritingNowadays, more city peo ple are becoming aware of “subhealth”. The problem is characterized by panic, short breath, list lessness, dizziness, headache, insomnia, etc. But it’s hard to find anything wrong by instruments in these cases. If you have these problems, you are subhealthy, or, have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Surveys indicate that many white-collar workers or intellectuals have various subhealth sym ptoms. Some clinics have been established in some Chinese cities, which are devoted to psychiatric massage for patients in subhealth. Subhealth is usually caused by overloaded social information w hich causes chronic excitement and thus subhealth pathological basis. Obviously, it is a gray cond ition between healthy and unhealthy conditions, a disorder of the body and mind. Experts think the high risk factors causing subhealthy conditions are closely related to the unhealthy life style a nd behaviors of the modern people, such as high tempo of life, stress, smoking, drinking, lack of

exercise, etc. Since females are more susceptible to CFS than males, doctors suggest that they kee p calm, prevent constipation, speak less and keep warm in cold seasons. Simply put, subhealth is not a disease but a physical and mental disorder, caused by too much work pressure, hurried pace of life and sedentary life. To overcome it, relax yourself and live in a healthy and active style.

Detailed Explanations of Answers to Model Test 1

Part I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

1. [B] 这是个考概括的题。不是男的喜欢画画，而是他的外甥对画画很在行。be good at something即是“很在行（be into it）”的意思。Are you kidding？只是男的的一句反问，言下之意，“我学画画是不可能的”。

2. [D] 这是个语义题，考对成语的理解。not make heads or tails of＝not make any sense out of his cou rse。而且上下文也显示男的曾经修过该课程，现在又得重修。女的也表示这太糟糕了。故D）为正确答案。

3. [A] 这是一个典型的细节题。原句说要去看看书店卖的多少钱一个（to see how much they want for one o

f theirs）即是check the price of calculators（看看价格）。

4. [B] 考对细节的理解和重述。overcharge就是charge too much的意思。故B。

5. [C] 这是个推断题。男的说：“如果我再吃一口，我就要给撑爆了。”言下之意：Avoid taking any more f ood，所以C为正确答案。

6. [D] 女的说Dr. Gordon以为她得在会议室见他的，也就是说，Dr. Gordon was waiting for the man in th

e conference room，故D。

7. [A] 男的说“that was more than I could ask for”指的是教授提供的帮助比他预期的还要多，所以推出A）为正确答案。

8. [D] 考意义转折。But表明女的不同意男的观点。It does的意思是the book does provide an explanation of the answers。

9. [D] 这是个很典型的推断题。教授先是反对建立核电站，然后又支持，似乎很矛盾。但实际上说明他对正反两方的意见都很理解。而A、B和C都与全文不符，故推导出D为正确答案。

10. [D] 细节推断题。问女的意思是什么。这个对话内容可能对有的学生比较生疏。学生做实验用的样品有个终止期，而女的则说只要能早点交实验结果，她会不离开这些样品直到最后一份钟。言下之意：留下这些样品。C

的干扰性较强，因为原句中有if I could hand in my results sooner，与C的意思吻合，但不是主干信息，主干信息是if从句之前的主句。

11. [B] 先说Ms. Fagan is diligent，后者又说she really works her fingers to the bone（＝hard-worki ng），所以Ms Fagan给老板的印象就是hard-working。故B为正确答案。

12. [B] 考归纳推断女人的言下之意。问从女的回答中可以听出她对开幕式的看法如何。回答比较委婉，但在“尽管”后面做文章：提出了奶酪和酒不太合适，言下之意：本来可以再好些的。其余几个选项中每个都含有女的话中的某个词或短语，但都支离破碎，起干扰作用。

13. [A] 考对第一个人话的归纳。这个人的每句话都跟写信有关。根据“听到什么选什么”的“原则”这里只有A有e-mail，故选A应该没有多大问题。

14. [D] 考推理能力。首先从女的那里知道他是买过笔的（B），现在找女的借，说明他需要笔（A）。找女的借用，说明他现在手头没有笔。即使在汉语中也是同样的道理，如果别人问：你手上有零抄吗？其言下之意肯定是：我现在手头没有零钱。

15. [C] 考我们能从对话中推断出什么来。男的话中的impossible是关键词，然后又说没有现钞，别的人已经用分期付款的方式买了那辆车。拿不出现钞就是没钱，没钱就是“买不起”：can’t afford to buy a n ew car。这种对话中第二人的话的第一句，甚至第一个词或短语是解题的关键。

Section B

Talk One

对话中的女的是大学的营养师，叫欧莱利夫人，男的是个学生。后者因医生说他血压高了并劝他来找营养师咨询。女的建议学生少食用含钠多的食物，如土豆片、汉堡包之类的快餐食物，要食用低热量、低胆固醇及低糖的东西。营养师还给了学生一张各种食物含钠量的表格，帮助他控制饮食。对话中，男的有时还显得非常风趣。四个问题比较简单，有一些医学术语，但一般都比较常见，对医学专业考生来说应该不成问题。

16. [D] 问谁让这个男的去找欧莱利夫人的。这里每个选项（除C外）都提到过。nutritionist是欧莱利夫人本人。那个学生的第三句话就是专门说the doctor told me to see the university nutritionist about it。所以，从这里可以看出，长篇对话和讲话的问题有时就是稍加修改的原话。

17. [D] 细节题。考学生对细节的捕捉，问女营养师给了这个学生什么。在谈话中间，营养师提到One moment. Ah, here’s the one. This is a cha rt of the sodium content of different foods.而且在最后也提到了这张表格。只要学生听到了这个chart应该就可以选D了。正所谓“听到什么选什么”。

18. [B] 问为什么要注意饮食。只有高血压在原文中提到，那些要注意的食物也说明只有因为血压高才要注意饮食。D：超重，在文中没有提到。因此与原文无关。

19. [D] 问这个男的一般都在哪里吃饭。原文中两处接连提到dining hall，而且女的说要让餐厅经理为他的食物做特殊安排，正好说明他通常都是在餐厅吃饭的。说到了餐馆和医院食堂，但都是男方随意提及的，并非重点。

20. [C] 问学生在谈话结束时的心情如何。既然问结束时的心情，答案肯定就在谈话结束时提到过：This won’t be nearly as bad as I thought it would be（事情没有我原先想象的那么糟糕），这么说的时候他的心情肯定是释然的(relieved)。

Talk Two

讲话的主题在第一句话中就提到了：a new weapon in the war on household pests（与房屋中的害虫搏斗的新武器），这个新武器就是“热空气”。其原理是一般的昆虫都不能忍受高于平常的温度。比如，蟑螂和白蚁在摄氏50度的存活时间最多15分钟。利用这个原理，把一栋房子用一个大帐篷盖起来，往里面灌热空气，持续6小时就足以杀死这些害虫，而对人或宠物没有有毒遗留物、没有怪气味，也没有火灾的危险，因为很少有家用或建筑材料在摄氏65度就燃烧起来的。实际上，建筑用的木材还要专门在摄氏80度左右烘干。

讲话的词汇量很低，可能有的考生不懂cockroach和termite为何物，但这并不影响理解，选项中也没有提到这两个词。关键在于要明白这是两种昆虫类的害虫就行了。

21. [B] 问主题是什么。这里pests这个词的出现频率最高，fire, construction, toxic各只在讲话中出现过一次。所以，可以看出，这种片段中出现频率最高的词往往都与主旨有关。

22. [B] 问这种治虫方法的长处是什么。原文中提到它无毒、无怪味、无着火危险，都说明它很安全。其余选项似乎没有提到过。

23. [A] 问为什么用帐篷盖住房子。考细节的捕捉和记忆。原文中有…the tent keeps the heat inside the h ouse正好就是A的说法。还是应了那句“听到什么选什么”的说法。其余选项多少有些干扰但不能仅凭想象或常识来判断要根据课文。

24. [A] 问为什么要提到建筑木材要用火烤。在最后的两句话中提到了这一点：没有着火的危险。80度的火都不会使木头燃起来，60度就更不成问题了。

25. [C] 问吹进帐篷的热空气的温度是多少。也是细节捕捉题，其余选项的干扰性很强。短文中提到烤木头的火是80度左右，那么帐篷里的温度肯定是80度以下了，而且65度在短文的开头和结尾处都提到过，即使你听不懂其他的话，只要两次听到65度，你都可以獴上C这个答案。125度是华氏，等于摄氏50度。听力考试中，考数字题时，重要的数字往往都要重复和强调的，与其他所列举的数字是有所区别的。

Talk Three

这是一段老师对学生的讲话，主要是关于如何拟一短小论文的提纲。老师提出目前学生交上来的提纲的最突出的

问题是题目太大，太广泛，一篇15页长的论文是讨论不了的。另外，老师还交代了一些有关的细节，如交卷日期、与学生约定讨论其提纲的时间、提纲的格式以及提纲中必须包括的内容（如主题陈述句及结论等等）。最后，又在最后两句话中简明扼要地总结了前面的话。

这段话的内容对学生来说不是很熟悉，但没有任何生僻的单词和术语。这里要向考生提醒的是：考场上可能出现任何意外情况，试卷中可以出现任何困难问题。早点经历这种困难的情形，对培养一定的考试心理素质是大有裨益的。

26. [A] 考对细节信息的捕捉和记忆，问讲话人在这堂课之前可能做了什么事。A的意思在讲话的最开头就说了。其余选项都是他和学生在课堂上或课下要做的事情。

27. [D] 问话题是什么。说道了textbook但没有把它与assignment联系在一起；说到了requirements但没有说到期末考试；说到了论文题目的选择，但没有说到研究题目。只有D“如何准备论文提纲”提到了。

28. [B] 问跟学生的面谈什么时候进行。原话中是这么说的，星期五交提纲，下周(next week) 跟每个学生面谈。办公室门上有个表格，让学生在上面写上约会时间。其余的选项中C在原文中是提到过，但是指的论文最后的交卷日期（which is due two weeks from today），其余选项不符题意。

29. [C] 问师生面谈的目的是什么。老师在提到了会面日期后就指出：In the conference, we’ll discuss yo ur preliminary outline。可以看出，选项C几乎就是原话。

30. [A] 问提纲的应该怎样开头。同样也是细节捕捉题，多少也有考常识的成分，因为毕竟都是学生，学生写文章肯定要学文章如何开头的。讲话人专门说来： Be sure to begin with a thesis statement, that is, with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove（务必用一个thesis statement开头）。

Part II. Vocabulary

Section A

31. [B] 摆脱。考近似词组的辨析。get out of：逃避，避免（做）某事；get down to：开始认真做某事；get round to：用哄骗来说服。

32. [B] 紧张（状态），压力。考近义词的辨析。nervousness：神经紧张，不安；strain：过度疲劳，拉紧，尽力；extension：延长，扩充。

33. [B] 遵循。考动词短语搭配。go after：追求；go ahead：继续；go on：继续做某事。句子大意：中国政府决心遵循发展农业的既定政策。

34. [B] 销售数字。考近义词的辨析。figures指具体的数字（字形，形状），且与sales搭配为固定说法；num bers：带复数的number很少见，意义也很特别；amount和quantity一般用作不可数名词的量词。

35. [C] 爆发，突然蔓延。考具体句子中词汇的意思。state：状态，状况；incident：既可指

国际政治中发生的事件，也可以指身边发生的小事、事件；event：指具有历史影响的大事

情、事件。

36. [C] 考固定搭配：by trial and error（摸索，通过各种尝试）。

37. [A] 进一步考虑之后。考固定搭配短语辨析。on second thought纯属on second thoughts的误用；on the whole：总的来看，大体上；at the thought of：一想到……。

38. [A] 诱人的，有魅力的。上下文中的词义辨析。distasteful：令人不愉快的，讨厌的；disgusting：令人厌恶的；repulsive：排斥的，令人厌恶的。

39. [A] 凸出的，凸起的。近义词辨析。干扰最强的选项是B：swollen（肿胀的）；根据题干可以看出，是牙受了感染而肿了起来，从而导致脸部凸起，而不是脸部肿了。

40. [B] （不及物动词）出现，发生。考形似词的辨析。appeal：请求，呼吁，吸引；arouse：唤起，引起；a buse：滥用，虐待。

Section B

41. [A] 自动的。全句大意：许多人都自动地来献血。for one’s own sake：为了他们自己的缘故。

42. [D] 分散，分离。考根据上下文对动词短语的选用。全句大意：天然气燃烧时，碳氢化合分子便分离成碳和

氢原子。这里的介词into对break up的搭配至关重要。Contract：收缩；vaporize：蒸发；collide：碰撞，抵触。故除D外其余选项均不合题意。

43. [B]加重，恶化。C：aggrieve（令委屈，令痛苦）。大凡这种词汇考试，若选项越与题中的考项相吻合，这个选项越不能选。

44. [C] 结果，45. 后果。考近义词和相关词的辨析。句子大意：在叫做实用主义的伦理道德体

系中，一个行为的正确与否是根据其结果来评判的。所谓“实用主义”也就是“不管是白猫还是黑猫，抓住老鼠就是好猫”，所以只有C（结果）合题意。其余选项：cost（成本），necessity（必要性），relevance（中肯，适当），显然不合题意。

45. [B] 疯狂的。desperate：绝望的，不顾一切的。这个选项意义与frantic相近，故选B。

46. [D] 醉人的，使人兴奋的。与D（刺激的）近义，故D为正确答案。appetizing: 美味可口的，促进食欲的。显然不合题意。

47. [A] 干预，干扰，介入。与intervene（干预，介入，“时间上”介于其间）正好吻合，故选A：interlace :交织，交错；interpose：提出；interlink：连接，连环。根据题意：介于事故和手术之间的时间长度是个关键因素。放其余选择都不合适，惟有选A比较合适。

48. [D] 窒息，闷气。与suffocation正好同义，故选D。suffusing: 充满，填满。

49. [C] 单调乏味，厌烦。与boredom同义。loneliness（孤独，寂寞）离题义甚远。

50. [D] 省去，不需要。比较合乎题意“省却，免除”。干扰性较强的是C：弄死，废除。

显然不合题意。

Part III. Cloze

这是一篇关于台湾医生目前收入的短文。短文指出，过去台湾的医生颇受民众欢迎，因为他们是病人的救命恩人又有令人敬佩的医德。但现在不同了，他们的收入受到公众的嫉妒和指责。他们从住院病人身上收取红包，从医药公司那里提取回扣。以致与这种回扣弄得一家药厂不堪重负。尽管是讲医生的，但没有什么医学术语。

51. [B] 缓解…的病痛（或症状）。考relieve这个词的搭配和意义的理解。deprive可以跟一个of，但不合题意。release和 reduce 是及物动词，在这里不能与of搭配，而且放到句中意义也不对，故选B为正确答案。52. [A] 令人钦佩的。考在上下文中对词义的辨析。advisable：可取的，明智的；appreciable：可感知的，可评估的；acceptable：可接受的，合意的。

53. [C] be inclined to：倾向于…做…。考词义辨析和词的使用。其余选项不是没有这样的搭配，就是意义不合适。tend一词很少这样当过去分词使用；be opposed to往往是接名词、代词或动名词；be persuaded to：被劝告去做…。

54. [D] be true of：符合于…, 对…适用。考true的搭配。

55. [C] 羡慕的对象。考对上下文的理解和具体语境中词义的选用。容易错选的是pride，56. 但它与上下文不5 7. 太切58. 合。disgust：厌恶，59. 嫌恶。

60. [A] 控告。考近义词的辨析。这几个词都有“控告”，61. “批评”的意思，62. 惟有charge 可以构成ch arge sb. that sb….的句型。而63. accuse只能是accuse sb. of sth. (doing sth.)的句型；blame只能是b lame sb. for doing sth.(sth.)；而64. contend that …就成了“争辩说…”的意思。如：The police conte nded that the difficulties they faced were too severe。故不65. 合题意。

66. [B] 治疗，67. 待遇。考在具体的上下文中对词的选用。其余选项与短文无关。

68. [B] 因为，69. 由于。考对上下文逻辑关系的理解。

70. [A] 促进（销售）。考词义辨析，71. 这里肯定是“促销”。句子大意：由于多年来在药品促销方面开支太大，72. 这家药厂将不73. 再给医生回扣。

74. [A] 考对句子结构的辨认和关联词的使用。句子大意：我们不75. 知道上面提到的否认这些私下交易的官员们对此做何解释。

Part IV. Reading Comprehension

Passage One

这是一篇论说文。主要讨论了如何按照温度调节来对动物进行分类。作者提出，通常把所有的动物都分成“冷血动物”和“热血动物”的说法是不科学的，而那种按照动物是否保持身体的恒温的区分方法也有不足之处。他提出目前的区分方法是通过了解动物是根据体内新陈代谢过程还是环境来区分。

61. [D] 主旨题。问本文主要讨论了什么问题。从第二段和第三段的头一句可以看出，这两段都讨论的是如何划分动物的。而且这两段中出现频率最高的词都与differ或distinction有关。A只说到了主旨的一部分；B虽在文中提到有关体温测量的研究，但未说是最新研究；C说主旨是降温的诸多方法，似乎也不妥当。D的概括性最强，故选D。

62. [A] 细节辨认题。问下列哪个术语指的是哺乳动物和鸟类。答案很明显，在第一和第二段里都能找到。故A 为正确答案。

63. [B] 细节辨认题。问一般说来温血动物的体温是通过什么来调节的。这道题应该用“扫描法”来做，首先找到endotherms这个关键词，然后再在其前后句子中寻找相关的信息。第三段第二行中可以找到这样一个短语：b y internal metabolic process…和The former are called endotherms。因此，B应该是正确答案。

64. [A] 细节辨认题。问外温动物调节体温的主要方法是什么。答案见第三段中的这么一句：they do so mainl y by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat，答案显然应该是A了。其余选项与问题相去甚远。

65. [B] 细节推断题。问人类调节体温的主要方法是什么。文中没有直接提到人类是如何调节体温的，但通过对endotherms（温血动物）的描述可知人类应该是这样调节体温的。C和D与答案有关，但只讲了答案的一部分，与B相比都过于偏狭，D甚至有些风马牛不相及。故B为正确答案。

Passage Two

本文讲述了一群孩子沿着一条狭窄的通道走，结果看到一幅迷人的美景：一个小湖泊和一座大房子。随后他们想继续往前探索。这种文体在NEATMD阅读中比较常见。文字简单，描写生动逼真。偶有生僻字词也不影响对整个短文的理解。

66. [B] 细节题。问孩子们从最后一个拱门走出时，为什么突然都不说话了。这是因为他们看见了一幅只有在意大利画册上才能看见的美丽景象。他们因此而目瞪口呆。

67. [D] 细节题。问他们从平台（terrace）上能看见什么。从原文中提到平台的地方起可以看到作者是这样描写的，站在平台上，看见一个湖，湖中有个岛，岛上有柳树，树丛中有些塑像。

68. [A] 细节题。问他们怎样才能从平台上来到湖边。原文中有这么一句话：Steps went from the terrace to water…，故答案为A；其余答案不合题意。

69. [D] 问Kathleen觉得如果他们遇见一个园丁，这个园丁会怎样呢。从原文中引用的Kathleen的问话可知D 为正确答案。

70. [C] 推断题。故事暗示孩子们…。答案可以从Kathleen的问话开始推断。A与原文正好相反；B非原文中提到的；D与原文相反。

Passage Three

这篇短文是关于一种为求职者代写简历和求职信的新型业务的。其中讨论了两种类型的求职信。一是过去那种只求职不写求职者详情（或简历）的求职。当时求职者本人的详情一般都留待以后面试时再说。这种做法在就业率比较高时比较奏效，但在现在就业不足的情况下，这种方法显然就不灵了。新型的代写简历和求职信的业务说明目前就业不足。而且要寻求更重要的工作求职信和简历中最好有些特色的东西，以使人感兴趣。总之，简历比以前重要多了。

全篇没有生僻的单词和表达方式，理解起来应该不成问题。

71. [B] 细节判断题。问这种新型广告的作用是什么。答案在这种广告通常的套话中寻找（见第二段）：利用我们的长期的经验，为您准备一份有用的简历。A、B和C未提及，与本题也无关。