英语句子成分讲解

句子成分详解表
句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 充当词类 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组 同主语 同主语 例句 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. She is dancing under the tree. Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. • He gave me some books. ↓ ↓ 间接 直接 宾语 宾语 ●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
She always keeps the house clean.
宾语 补足语
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
Exeቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱcises:分析句子结构
1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）After he finished his homework, he went away.
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. ‘I can't hear a word!’ I said angrily. ‘It's none of your business, ’ the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation!’
6）He likes pop music. 7）The sound sounds strange. 8）The food tastes good. 9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
句 子 成 分 分 析
陈述句 疑问句
句子用途
祈使句 感叹句
简单句（5种基本句型） 并列句（同等概念、选择、 转折、因果） 复合句：含有两个或两个以 上主谓结构，其中一个主谓 结构作另一个的成分。
句子结构
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语
谓语 宾语 表语
定语 状语
用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 副词，介词短语或句 子
形容词，名词，介词 短语等
We have eight lessons every day. He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
（七）状语
• • • • • • • • • • 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语 和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。 __________________ 1. They elected John monitor. _______ _______ 2. We call him Iron Ox. 3. The doctor told me to do more _________ ________ exercise. 4. They made her happy. _____ 5. He is going to have his hair ___ cut. 6. They saw a bird ______________ flying in the sky.
找出下列句中的状语
1. We often ____ help him. 2. I really ____ don’t like the food. 3. He did his homework carefully _______ at home. _______ 4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. _________ 5. When I grow up, I am going to be _____________ a doctor. 时间状语从句
介词后面的名词、代词和动名词也 是宾语，叫介宾
（五）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. • I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • He made himself known to them.
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
1 The film I enjoyed yesterday. 2 The news listened to I carefully. 3 Well the man the piano played. 4 Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly. 5 Quietly the door he opened. 6 Immediately left he. 7 A tree in the corner of the garden he planted. 8 Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read. 9 This morning a book I from the library borrowed. 10 The soup spoi1t the cook. 11 We at home stay on Sundays. 12 There a lot of people are at the bus stop. 13 The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen. 14 She beautifully draws. 15 Music I like very much. 16 A new school built they in our village last year. 17 The match at four o'clock ended.
（三）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语 表示主语的 性质、状态和特征。
Be 动词 感官动词： smell feel look hear taste
系动词
表示变化的动词：become get turn grow stay
(四)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• • • • • •
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
主语subject:句子说明的人或事物
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
（六）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • • • • He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) His spoken language is good. (过去分词)