大陆动力学演化与成矿课程(毛景文)-4

Sub-volcanic complex of the Tongshi area in West Shandong
Geological
map of the Guilaizhuang gold deposit in west Shandong
Major
characters of Guilaizhuang gold deposit
Open pit of the Zijinshan Cu-Au mine
Brecciaed gold ore
白垩纪火山盆地浅成低温热液矿床的成 矿模式
Major
characters of Bitian Au deposit
Tectonic setting: Southeastern coast orogenic belt Ore-host rocks: Tranchy-andesite, dacitic porphyrite Ore-controlling structure: NE- and NW-trending fractures Hydrothermal alteration: Silicification, adularization, sericitization, chloritization, carbonatization, phyllization Ore mineral assemblage: Native gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, chalcocite, tetrahedrite Gangue mineral assemblage: Quartz, chalcedony, sericite, adularia Homogenization temperature: 190-220°C Ore-forming age : 94-105 Ma Geometry of Ore-body: 110-600 m long and 0.5-2m thick Reserve: 5 tons (Zijinshan: 20 t) Grade: 7-10 g/t
Geological plan of the Tuanjiegou gold deposit in Heilongjiang Province
Section
of Tuanjiegou gold deposit
Vertical
alteration zoning of one section in the Tuanjiegou gold deposit
Qiyugou epithermal gold deposits
Major
characters of Qiyugou gold deposit
Tectonic setting: North China craton Ore-host rocks: Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Cretaceous granitoid Ore-controlling structure: volcanic breccia pipes Hydrothermal alteration: Silicification, andularization, chloritization, biotitization, sericitization, carbonatization Ore mineral assemblage: Native gold, electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite Gangue mineral assemblage: Quartz, andularia, chlorite, epidote, calcite Homogenization temperature: 170-240°C Ore-forming age : 115-125 Ma Geometry of Ore-body: 200-300 m long and 0.5-1.5 thick Reserve: 40 tons Grade: 7.4 g/t
中国台湾大屯 火山热泉
火山-热液成矿系统
地热系统
低硫型AuAg矿
高硫型AuCu矿 斑岩型Cu(Mo, Au)矿
浅成低温热液型金多金属矿床模 型
Hedenquist et al. (1996) Soc Res Geol Japan
大多数金出现在：
• 从比较中性的pH，以大气降水为主的流体 沉淀出低硫型金矿 • 从酸性pH, 以岩浆来源为主的流体沉淀出 高硫型金矿
* Bitian Au deposit in the Zijinshan ore district
Common basic characteristics of the LS Au deposits in East China
1.
Distribution of low-sulfidation Au deposits in East China
闽西紫 金山浅 成低温 热液型 铜金矿 床
紫金山铜金矿蚀变模式（火山岩型）
石英明矾石带
石英迪开石带
石英绢云母带
硅质交代岩带
引自紫金山铜金矿床蚀变和矿化分带 张德全等第２５页
紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液型Cu-Au矿床剖面图
金矿体
硅化带
铜矿物砷黝铜矿 （一价铜）
石英明矾石蚀变带
石英绢云母化带
引自紫金山铜金矿床蚀变和矿化分带 张德全等第２５页
Lattice texture
硅沉淀受到pH制约
• 中性 pH
– 石英, 蛋白石和非晶 质硅沉淀 形成左边的特殊结构!
• 酸性 pH
– 抑制硅沉淀 – 没有硅质脉出现
二、中国一些 典型浅成低温 热液型金（银） 矿床
中国东部浅成低 温热液型金矿床
Content:
1. 2. 3.
MAGMATIC
MAGMAபைடு நூலகம்IC-METEORIC
METEORIC
1 1
1
1
2 2 3 3 4 4 km km
2
2
3
3
4 km
4 km
Textures: restricted
Textures: diverse, modest
Textures: diverse, spectacular
高硫型
中硫型
低硫型
元素组成
低硫型 高含量 Au, Ag, As, Sb, Zn, Pb, Hg, Se, K, Ag/Au 低含量 Cu, Te/Se 高硫型 Au, Ag, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Pb, Hg, Te, Sn, Mo, Te/Se K, Zn, Ag/Au
White and Hedenquist, 1995
自然金通过沸腾沉淀出 o + Au(HS) + 2H Au
2
+
2H2S
巴布亚新几内亚
Porgera, Zone 7
美国内华达Sleeper
冰长石通过沸腾沉淀出
HS- + H+ H2S HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
方解石通过沸腾沉淀
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
La Coipa Sulfide vein, El Indio
FORM
Vuggy quartz
TEXTURES
主要蚀变矿物
低硫型 酸碱度 矿物组合 几乎中性 pH 伊利石、绢云母、 冰长石 高硫型 酸性 (pH <1 to >3) 重晶石、明矾石、高岭 石、 叶腊石、硬水铝石
White and Hedenquist, 1995
次生石英岩：强碱性流体； 明矾石KAl3[SO4]2(OH)2：强酸性、强氧化流体； 石英绢云母：偏中性流体； 砷黝铜矿：弱还原环境； 黄铜矿：还原偏中性环境； 总体金、铜沉淀于弱还原、酸性流体中；
预测深部硅化绢云母化带出现黄铜矿。 （据叶天竺先生，2010）
福建紫金山矿区流体物理化学条件特征
Au-Ag-Cu
Au-Ag
Stockwork, Golden Cross
Vein, La Guitarra
FORM
Vein, Hishikari
Vein, Golden Cross
La Guitarra
Golden Cross
TEXTURES
McLaughlin
Chinkuashih Akeshi
Tectonic setting: North China craton Ore-bearing rocks: Jurassic volcanic complex Ore-controlling structure: Explosive-breccia pipe along a EW-trending fault Hydrothermal alteration: Fluoritization, silicification, carbonatization, sericitization, chloritization Ore mineral assemblage: Native gold, electrum, calaverite, bessmertnorite, pyrite, marcasite, galena, sphalerite, cinnabar Gangue mineral assemblage: Chalcedony, fluorite, opal, quartz, calcite Homogenization temperature: 200-300°C Ore-forming age : 188-180 Ma Geometry of Ore-body: 500 m long and 2-35m thick Reserve: 43.5 tons Grade: 13 g/t
General
model for vertical alteration zoning in the Tuanjiegou gold deposit
Major
characters of Tuanjiegou deposit
Tectonic setting: Tianshan-Xingmeng orogenic belt Ore-host rocks: Cretaceous granite porphyry Ore-controlling structure: NWW-trending faults and fractures Hydrothermal alteration: Silicification, pyritization, sericitization, carbonatization, kaolitization, chloritization Ore mineral assemblage: Native gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, galena, stibnite, orpiment, cinnabar Gangue mineral assemblage: Chalcedony and calcite Homogenization temperature: 170-230°C Ore-forming age : 105Ma Geometry of Ore-body: 200-925m long and 1-38m thick Reserve: >100 tons Grade: 8.41 g/t
大陆动力学演化与成矿
毛景文
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所
一. 浅成低温热液金矿床的基 本特点 高硫型 低硫型
新西兰岛上与 海槽的热泉成 矿系统与海底 喷流成矿系统 同受一组断裂 系统的控制
新西兰白岛
White Island, New Zealand
日本九州Kujusan 硫矿
日本九州 Kujusan 硫矿山
Distribution of low-sulfidation Au deposits in
East China
Introduction of representative Au deposits * Tuanjiegou Au deposits in Heilongjiang * Guilaizhuang Au deposit in West Henan * Qiyugou Au deposit in East Qinling