2011年真题答案
2011-数一真题、标准答案及解析
n(-1) 收敛，可知幂级数∑a ∞2011 年考研数学试题（数学一）一、选择题1、 曲线 y = (x -1)(x - 2)2(x - 3)3(x - 4)4的拐点是（）（A ）（1，0）（B ）（2，0） （C ）（3，0） （D ）（4，0）【答案】C 【考点分析】本题考查拐点的判断。
直接利用判断拐点的必要条件和第二充分条件即可。
【解析】由 y = (x -1)(x - 2)2(x - 3)3(x - 4)4可知1, 2, 3, 4 分别是y = ( x -1)( x - 2)2 ( x - 3)3 ( x - 4)4= 0的一、二、三、四重根，故由导数与原函数之间的关系可知 y '(1) ≠ 0 ， y '(2) = y '(3) =y '(4) = 0y ''(2) ≠ 0 ， y ''(3) = y ''(4) = 0 ， y '''(3) ≠ 0, y '''(4) = 0 ，故（3，0）是一拐点。
2、 设数列 {a n } 单调减少， lim a n = 0 ， S n =∑ a k (n = 1,2) 无界，则幂级数n →∞k =1∑a n ( x -1)n的收敛域为（ ） （A ） (-1，1] （B ） [-1，1) （C ） [0，2) （D ）n =1(0，2]【答案】C 【考点分析】本题考查幂级数的收敛域。
主要涉及到收敛半径的计算和常数项级数收敛性的一些结论，综合性较强。
【解析】 S n=∑ a k k =1(n = 1,2)无界，说明幂级数∑a n n =1( x -1)n的收敛半径 R ≤ 1；{a n }单调减少， lim a n →∞= 0 ，说明级数∑a n n =1∞nn n =1( x -1)n的收敛半径 R ≥ 1。
因此，幂级数∑a n( x -1) 的收敛半径 R = 1 ，收敛区间为(0, 2) 。
2011年国考行测真题(完整版)+答案解析
1．【解析】D。
本题考查政治常识。
党的十七大报告提出“以改善民生为重点的社会建设”，并提出了社会建设六大方面的内容。
第一是教育。
第二是就业。
第三是收入分配。
第四是覆盖城乡居民的保障体系。
第五是医疗公共卫生体制。
第六是完善社会管理，维护社会稳定和团结。
从中可看出D项不属于社会建设范畴。
2．【解析】C。
本题考查时事常识。
A项：2009年，我国的出口总额居世界第一；B项：二十国集团中具有广泛代表性的发展中国家包括南非、阿根廷、巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯，中国并不是唯一的亚洲发展中国家；D项：我国与不丹、锡金两个边境国家仍未建立正式的外交关系。
3．【解析】B。
本题考查国情。
我国煤炭储藏量世界第一，所以排除A、C两项；现在我国一半左右的石油都依靠进口，所以排除D项。
4．【解析】B。
本题考查时事常识。
根据《国务院关于开展第六次全国人口普查的通知》，我国第六次人口普查的标准时点是2010年11月1日零点，第六次全国人口普查采用按现住地登记的原则。
人口普查所需经费，由中央和地方各级人民政府共同负担，并列入相应年度的财政预算，按时拨付、确保到位。
通知还要求，各级政府、各有关部门要严格执行《中华人民共和国统计法》和人口普查的有关规定。
人口普查取得的数据，严格限定用于普查目的，不得作为任何部门和单位对各级行政管理工作实施考核、奖惩的依据，不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据，所以B项正确。
5．【解析】C。
本题考查时事常识。
西部大开发的范围包括陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、四川省、重庆市、云南省、贵州省、西藏自治区、内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区等12个省、自治区、直辖市，所以C项错误。
6．【解析】A。
本题考查历史常识。
1947年9月，中共中央在河北省平山县西柏坡村召开全国土地会议，制定了《中国土地法大纲》，并于10月10日经中共中央批准正式公布。
由此展开了解放区的土改运动。
三大战役是指1948年9月至1949年1月，中国人民解放军同国民党军进行的战略决战，包括辽沈、淮海、平津三个战略性战役。
2011年考研数学三真题及答案
2011年考研数学三真题一、选择题（1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
下列媒体给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
）(1)已知当x→0时，f(x)=3sinx−sin3x与cx k是等价无穷小，则(A)k=1,c=4 (B) k=1,c=−4(C)k=3,c=4 (D) k=3,c=−4【答案】C。
【解析】【方法一】lim x→03sinx−sin3xcx k=limx→03cosx−3cos3xckx k−1(洛必达法则)=3limx→0−sinx+3sin3xck(k−1)x k−2(洛必达法则)=1c(limx→0−sinx2x+limx→03sin3x2x) (k=3)=1c(−12+92)=1由此得c=4。
【方法二】由泰勒公式知sinx=x−x33!+o(x3)sin3x=3x−(3x)33!+ o(x3)则f(x)=3sinx−sin3x=3x−x 32−3x+(3x)33!+ o(x3)=4x3+ o(x3)~4x3 (x→0)故k=3,c=4。
【方法三】lim x→03sinx−sin3xcx k=limx→03sinx−3x+3x−sin3xcx k=1c[limx→03(sinx−x)x k+limx→03x−sin3xx k]=1c[limx→03∙(−16x3)x k+limx→016(3x)3x k]=1c(−12+92) (k=3)=82c=1故c=4综上所述，本题正确答案是C。
【考点】高等数学—函数、极限、连续—无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较，极限的四则运算高等数学—一元函数微分学—洛必达(L'Hospital)法则(2)已知f(x)在x=0处可导，且f(0)=0,则limx→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=(A)−2f′(0) (B)−f′(0) (C) f′(0) (D)0【答案】B。
【解析】【方法一】加项减项凑x=0处导数定义lim x→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=limx→0x2f(x)−x2f(0)−2f(x3)+2f(0)x3=limx→0f(x)−f(0)x−2f(x3)−f(0)x3=f′(0)−2f′(0)=−f′(0)【方法二】拆项用导数定义lim x→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=limx→0f(x)x−2limx→0f(x3)x3由于f(0)=0，由导数定义知lim x→0f(x)x=f′(0), limx→0f(x3)x3=f′(0)所以limx→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=f′(0)−2f′(0)=−f′(0)【方法三】排除法：选择符合条件的具体函数f(x)=x,则lim x→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=limx→0x3−2x3x3=−1而对于f(x)=x.f′(0)=1,显然选项(A)(C)(D)都是错误的，故应选(B)【方法四】由于f(x)在x=0处可导，则f(x)=f(0)+f′(0)x+o(x)=f′(0)x+o(x)f(x3)=f′(0)x3+o(x3)lim x→0x2f(x)−2f(x3)x3=limx→0x2[f′(0)x+o(x)]−2[f′(0)x3+o(x3)]x3=f′(0)−2f′(0)=−f′(0)综上所述，本题正确答案是B。
2011年考研数学二真题及答案解析
2011年考研数学二真题及答案解析2011年考研数学二真题及答案解析一、选择题部分1. 如图，矩形OABC中，AB=4，BC=3，M为BC的中点，点D，E分别在AO，CO上，满足AD=CE，连接DE、BM相交于F。
则DE/AB的值等于（）。
A．1/3 B．1/4 C．1/2 D．2/3答案：A解析：根据题意，首先连接AM，然后用面积比解法。
设矩形OABC的面积为S，则S=AB×BC=12。
由于AD=CE，所以AM=CM，即BM=1.5，MF=BM/2=0.75。
在ΔABF中，AF是BM的中线，所以AF=BM/2=0.75。
设AC与DE交点为G，则AG=(BC+DE)/2=3+DE/2。
在ΔEBG中，EF是AM的中线，所以EF=AM/2=1.25。
因此，S[DEFG]/S[OABC]=[1-(MF/BC)]×[1-(EF/AB)]=2/3。
所以DE/AB=[S[DEFG]/S[OABC]]1/2=1/3。
2. 若（cosx+sinx）tanx=3，则tan3x的值为（）。
A．1/2 B．1/3 C．1 D．3答案：D解析：将（cosx+sinx）tanx=3变形为cosx/(sinx+1/cosx)=3/sin^2(x)。
设y=sin(x)，则cos(x)=√(1-y^2)，所以上式化为(y+1/√(1-y^2))√(1-y^2)=3/y^2。
整理得y^5+3y^4+3y^3-8=0。
由于y=0不是方程的解，所以可将其化为(y+1)^3=y^2+3y+8/3。
又因为y^2+3y+8/3=(y+3/2)^2+7/12>0，所以y只可能为y=-1或y=-1/2。
当y=-1时，得cos(x)=0，sin(x)=-1，此时tan3x不存在。
当y=-1/2时，得cos(x)=√(1-1/4)=√3/2，sin(x)=-1/2。
因此sin(3x)=3sin(x)-4sin^3(x)=-3/4，cos(3x)=4cos^3(x)-3cos(x)=-1/2。
2011考研政治真题及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试思想政治理论试题及参考答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试思想政治理论试题及参考答案一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.我国数学家华罗庚在一次报告中以“一支粉笔多长为好”为例来讲解他所倡导的优选法。
对此，他解释道：“每只粉笔都要丢掉一段一定长的粉笔头，单就这一点来说，愈长愈好。
但太长了，使用起来很不方便，而且容易折断。
每断一次，必然多浪费一个粉笔头，反而不合适。
因而就出现了粉笔多长最合适的问题----这就是一个优选问题。
”所谓优选问题，从辩证法的角度看。
就是要A.注重量的积累B.保持事物质的稳定性C.坚持适度原则D.全面考虑事物属性的多样性【答案】C2.社会存在是指社会的物质生活条件，它有多方面的内容，其中最能集中体现人类社会物质性的是A.社会形态B.地理环境C.人口因素D.生产方式【答案】D3.马克思把商品转换成货币称为“商品的惊险的跳跃”，这个跳跃如果不成功，摔坏的不是商品，但一定是商品的占有者。
这是因为只有商品变为货币A.货币才能转化为资本B.价值才能转化为使用价值C.抽象劳动才能转化为具体劳动D.私人劳动才能转化为社会劳动【答案】D4.邓小平指出：“社会主义究竟是个什么样子，苏联搞了很多年，也并没有完全搞清楚。
可能列宁的思路比较好，搞了个新经济政策，但是后来苏联的模式僵化了。
”列宁新经济政策关于社会主义的思维之所以“比较好”是因为A.提出了比较系统的社会主义建设纲领B.根据俄国的实际情况来探索社会主义建设的道路C.为俄国找到了一种比较成熟的社会主义发展模式D.按照马克思恩格斯关于未来社会的设想来建设社会主义【答案】B5.1927年大革命失败后，党的工作重心开始转向农村，在农村建立革命根据地。
农村革命根据地能够在中国长期存在和发展的根本原因是A.中国是一个政治、经济、文化发展极不平衡的半殖民地半封建的大国B.良好的群众基础和革命形势的继续向前发展C.相当力量正式红军的存在D.党的领导及正确的政策【答案】A6.社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度，既包括公有制经济，也包括非公有制经济。
2011年江苏高考化学真题及答案
2011年江苏高考化学真题及答案满分120分，考试时间100分钟可能用到的相对的原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ca 40 Mn 55 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80 Ag 108第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分）一、单项选择题（本题包括10小题，每小题2分，共计20分。
每小题只有一个．．．．选项符合题意）1．化学与人类生活、社会可持续发展密切相关，下列措施有利于节能减排、保护环境的是①加快化石燃料的开采与使用；②研发易降解的生物农药；③应用高效洁净的能源转换技术；④田间焚烧秸秆；⑤推广使用节能环保材料。
A ．①③⑤B ．②③⑤C ．①②④D ．②④⑤2．下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A ．N 2的电子式：N ‥‥NB ．S 2-C ．质子数为53，中子数为78的碘原子：131 53ID ．邻羟基苯甲酸的结构简式：COOH OH3．下列有关物质的性质和该性质的应用均正确的是A ．常温下浓硫酸能使铝发生钝化，可在常温下作用铝制贮藏贮运浓硫酸B ．二氧化硅不与任何酸反应，可用石英制造耐酸容器C ．二氧化氯具有还原性，可用于自来水的杀菌消毒D ．铜的金属活泼性比铁的弱，可在海轮外壳上装若干铜块以减缓其腐蚀4．常温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是A ．1.0 mol ·L -1的KNO 3溶液：H +、Fe 2+、Cl －、SO 2-4B ．甲基橙呈红色的溶液：NH +4、Ba 2+、AlO －2、Cl －C ．pH ＝12的溶液：K +、Na +、CH 3COO －、Br －D ．与铝反应产生大量氢气的溶液：Na +、K +、CO 2-3 、NO －35．短周期元素X 、Y 、Z 、W 、Q 在元素周期表中的相对位置如图1所示。
下列说法正确的是A ．元素X 与元素Z 的最高正化合价之和的数值等于8B ．原子半径的大小顺序为：r X ＞r Y ＞r Z ＞r W ＞r QC ．离子Y 2-和Z 3+的核外电子数和电子层数都不相同D ．元素W 的最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性比Q 的强6．下列表示对应化学反应的离子方程式正确的是A ．FeCl 3溶液与Cu 的反应：Cu ＋Fe 3+===Cu 2+＋Fe 2+B ．NO 2与水的反应：3NO 2＋H 2O===2NO －3＋NO ＋2H +C ．醋酸溶液与水垢中的CaCO 3反应：CaCO 3＋2H +===Ca 2+＋H 2O ＋CO 2↑ 图1D．向NaAlO2溶液中通入过量CO2：2AlO－2＋CO2＋3H2O===2A(OH)3↓＋CO2-37．下列有关实验原理或实验操作正确的是A．用水湿润pH试纸测量某溶液的pHB．用量筒量取20 mL 0.500 0 mol·L-1 H2SO4溶液于烧杯中，加水80 mL，配制成0.100 0mol·L-1 H2SO4溶液C．实验室用图2所示装置制取少量氨气D．实验室用图3所示装置除去Cl2中的少量HCl8．设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值。
2011年考研数学一真题及解析(公式及答案修正版)
A = E 0
知， α1 ,α 2 ,α 3 ,α 4 都是 Α x = 0 的解，且 Α x = 0 的极大线生无关组就是其基础解系，又
∗ ∗
1 1 0 0 A = (α1 ,α 2 ,α 3 ,α 4 ) = α1 + α 3 = 0 ， 所 以 α1 , α 3 线 性 相 关 ， 故 α1，α 2，α 4 或 1 1 0 0
） (D)
α1，α 3
(B)
α1，α 2
(C)
α1，α 2，α 3
α 2，α 3，α 4
【答案】 D 【考点分析】本题考查齐次线性方程组的基础解系，需要综合应用秩，伴随矩 阵等方面的知识，有一定的灵活性。
= A 【解析】由 Αx = 0 的基础解系只有一个知 r ( A) = 3 ，所以 r ( A∗ ) = 1 ，又由 A
∫
x
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π tan tdt 0 ≤ x ≤ 的弧长 s = 4
【考点分析】本题考查曲线弧长的计算，直接代公式即可。
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10、微分方程 y ′ + y = e − x cos x 满足条件 y (0) = 0 的解为 y = 【答案】 y = sin xe − x 【考点分析】本题考查一阶线性微分方程的求解。先按一阶线性微分方程的求解步骤求出 其通解，再根据定解条件，确定通解中的任意常数。 【解析】原方程的通解为
2011年专8真题答案（含听力材料）
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture1. and significance2. the context\ what is doing3. closeness to people4. body language5. polychronic6. in itself7. personal space8. monochrome9. lateness10. multicultural situationSECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACBPART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACACPART VI Proofreading & Error Correction1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in 10. Therefore, 改成NeverthelessPart V Translation—Section A Chinese To EnglishBeing hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are“at ease”or“in a rush”.For example, we’re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.Section B English to Chinese飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。
2011四川高考真题含答案
绝密★启用2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1页至9页，第Ⅱ卷10页。
考试结束后，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共100分）注意事项：1.必须使用2B铅笔将答案标号填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上。
2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计100分。
第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1.—I’m sorry I didn’t finish it on time.—A. Fine，thanksB. No，thanksC. Thanks a lot D．Thanks anyway2. Ladia does’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study3. There is in his words. We should have a try.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.A. whetherB. althoughC. forD. so5. — How could you be so rude as to walk in here in the middle of my class?—_____________A. Nothing muchB. Nothing seriousC. Never againD. Never mind6. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________ Qinghua University was founded.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. since7. To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.A. go overB. get overC. turn overD. take over8. Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ______China before you start your trip there.A. inB. forC. ofD. on9. All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.A. treatB. are treatedC. are treatingD. had been treated10. Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. whyB. howC. whatD. which11. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep12. —How are your recent trip to Sichuan?—I’ve never had one before.A. a pleasantB. a more pleasantC. a most pleasantD. the most pleasant13. Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out children’sA. touchB. sightC. reachD. distance14.I often the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the internet.A. look upB. look atC. kook forD. look into15.Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down?.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what16. an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer17.The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. whenD. where18. Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “fifth of pupilshere go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A.不填；AB.不填；TheC. the; TheD. a; A19.—What a mistake!—Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.A. was suggestingB. will suggestC. would suggestD. had suggested20.The police still have I found the lost child, but they’re do ing about they .A. canB. mayC. mustD. should第二节，完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
2011考研数一真题答案及详细解析
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2011年全国考研数学三真题及答案解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三试题一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上。
(1) 已知当0x →时，函数()3sin sin3f x x x =-与是k cx 等价无穷小，则(A) 1,4k c == (B) 1,4k c ==- (C) 3,4k c == (D) 3,4k c ==-(2) 已知()f x 在0x =处可导，且(0)0f =,则2330()2()lim x x f x f x x→-= (A) '2(0)f - (B) '(0)f - (C) '(0)f (D) 0 (3) 设{}n u 是数列，则下列命题正确的是(A) 若1nn u∞=∑收敛，则2121()n n n uu ∞-=+∑收敛(B) 若2121()n n n uu ∞-=+∑收敛，则1n n u ∞=∑收敛(C) 若1nn u∞=∑收敛，则2121()n n n uu ∞-=-∑收敛(D) 若2121()n n n uu ∞-=-∑收敛，则1n n u ∞=∑收敛(4) 设40ln(sin )I x dx π=⎰,4ln(cot )J x dx π=⎰,40ln(cos )K x dx π=⎰ 则I ,J ,K 的大小关系是(A) I J K << (B) I K J << (C) J I K << (D) K J I << (5) 设A 为3阶矩阵，将A 的第2列加到第1列得矩阵B ，再交换B 的第2行与第3行得单位矩阵记为1100110001P ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，2100001010P ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，则A = (A)12P P (B)112P P - (C)21P P (D) 121P P -(6) 设A 为43⨯矩阵,1η, 2η , 3η 是非齐次线性方程组Ax β=的3个线性无关的解，1k ,2k 为任意常数，则Ax β=的通解为(A)23121()2k ηηηη++-(B) 23221()2k ηηηη-+-(C) 23131221()()2k k ηηηηηη++-+-(D) 23221331()()2k k ηηηηηη-+-+-(7) 设1()F x ,2()F x 为两个分布函数，其相应的概率密度1()f x , 1()f x 是连续函数，则必为概率密度的是(A) 12()()f x f x (B)212()()f x F x(C) 12()()f x F x (D) 1221()()()()f x F x f x F x +(8) 设总体X 服从参数λ(0)λ>的泊松分布，11,,(2)n X X X n ≥ 为来自总体的简单随即样本，则对应的统计量111ni i T X n ==∑，121111n in i T X X n n -==+-∑ (A)1212,ET ET DT DT >> (B)1212,ET ET DT DT >< (C)1212,ET ET DT DT <> (D) 1212,ET ET DT DT <<二、填空题：9~14小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. (9) 设0()lim (13)xtt f x x t →=+，则'()f x =______.(10) 设函数(1)xy xz y=+，则(1,1)|dz =______.(11) 曲线tan()4y x y e π++=在点(0,0)处的切线方程为______.(12)曲线y =2x =及x 轴所围成的平面图形绕x 轴旋转所成的旋转体的体积______.(13) 设二次型123(,,)T f X X X x Ax =的秩为1，A 中行元素之和为3，则f 在正交变换下x Qy =的标准型为______.(14) 设二维随机变量(,)X Y 服从22(,;,;0)N μμσσ，则2()E XY =______. 三、解答题：15－23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15) (本题满分10分)求极限0x →.(16) (本题满分10分)已知函数(,)f u v 具有连续的二阶偏导数，(1,1)2f =是(,)f u v 的极值，[](),(,)z f x y f x y =+。
2011英语(一)真题及真题答案
SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as “a bolidy eercise preicious to h eath.”But 1 some claims to the contrary ,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consummption ,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 ,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the ,say,walking ot jogging does6 ,instead of straining muscles to bulid them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 ,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies downSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act og laughing probably does 11 one classical theory of emtion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flowAlthiugh sadness also 14 tears ,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experimemt published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen eigher with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise thrie enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, 19 that expression may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 ,the physical act of laughter could improve mood1. [A] among [B] except [C]despite [D] like2. [A] reflect [B]demend [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B]sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5. [A] measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief7. [A] opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D] expected8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D]relaxes9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] morderate [D] enhance10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subcinscious [D]intermal11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D]at13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] supresses15. [A] into [B]form [C] towards [D] beyond16. [A] fecth [B] form [C] pick [D] hold17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similatly [D] ConverselySectionⅡ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D]. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text 1The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray! A t last!” wrote A nthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music criticOne of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwiseFor my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumesDevoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of theart-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councertOne possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive newmusic that is not yet available on recors. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestra’s repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’a olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incured criticism[B]raised suspicion[C]raceived acclaim[D]around curiousity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ingore the expense of live performance[B]reject most kinds of recorded performance[C]exaggerate the variety of live performanc[D]overestimate the variety of live performance24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often interror to live concerts in quality[B]They are easily accessible to the genral public[C]They help improve the quality of music[D]They have only convered masterpieces25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels[A]doubtful[B]enthusisastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition "was very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, bu that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long"26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being( )A. ArrogantB. frankC. self-centeredD. impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by ( )A. their expectation of better financial statusB. their need to reflect on their private lifeC. their strained relations with the boardsD. their pursuit of new career goals28. The word "poached" (Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ( )A. approved ofB. attended toC.hunted forD. guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ( )A. top performers used to cling to their postsB. loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC. top performers care more about reputationsD. it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. CEOs: where to GO?B. CEOs: All the Way Up?C. Top managers Jump without a NetD. The Only way out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid " media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further John& JOhnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign become hostage to consumers,other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesse that originally created them.If that happends, passinate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage fromits recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly sites such as Twitter and the social-news sit Digg.31. Consumers may creat "earned" media when they are ( )A. obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sitesB. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to themC. eager to help their friends promote quality productsD. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ( )A. a safe business environmentB. random competitionC. Strong user trafficD. flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ( )A. invite constant conflicts with passinate consumersB. can be used to produce negative effects in marketingC. may be responsible for fiercer competitionD. deserve all the getative comments about them34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of ( )A. responding effectively to hijacked mediaB. persuading customers into boycotting productsC. cooperating with supportive consumersD. taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?A. Alternatives to conventional paid mediaB. Conflict between hijacked and earned mediaC. Dominance of hijacked mediaD. Popularity of owned mediaText 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazi ne cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness, instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardlythe only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, o sot any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite f air, then , to compare the regrets of parent to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. Of course the image of parenthood that celebrity magazine like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.”It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look justa little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A] temporary delight.[B] enjoyment in progress.[C] happiness in retrospect.[D] lasting reward.37. We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D] having children is highly valued by the public.38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folk.[A] are constantly exposed to criticism.[B] are largely ignored by the media.[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A] soothing.[B] ambiguous.[C] compensatory.[D] misleading.40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize those paragraph into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph E and C have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sytle:22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”, they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to du something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduatesend up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-art degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth on public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr. Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So di sciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holi stic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.SectionⅢ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52、DirectionWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended measing and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)英语（一）真题答案Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.D 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。
2011年全国卷二高考真题(含答案)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文第Ⅰ卷一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．逾．越（yú）鸟瞰．（kàn）一丘之貉．（lùo）栩．栩如生（xǚ）B．溃．败（kuì）凹．陷（wā）贻．笑大方（yí）兢．兢业业（jīng）C．咀．嚼（zǔ）桧．柏（guì）罄．竹难书（qìng）饕餮．大餐（tiè）D．觊．觎（jì）攻讦．（jié）光阴荏苒．（rǎn）心怀叵．测（pǒ）2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是A．我读过弗莱的著作，很喜欢他那高屋建瓴．．．．的气势和包罗万象的体系，更欣赏他努力摆脱主观印象式品评的文学批评方法。
B．奚羽先生指导弟子写论文时强调，学术论文要有的放矢，论证严密，语言准确而简洁，不能模棱两可，也不能繁文缛节．．．．。
C．这是一家国家级出版社，近几年来，出版了很多深受读者尤其是在校大学生喜爱的精品图书，不少作家都对它趋之若鹜．．．．。
D．虽然已经是晚上了，但候车大厅里依然人来人往，热闹非凡，大喇叭的广播声、商贩的叫卖声、孩子的哭泣声不绝如缕．．．．。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．不同的生活习俗、自然条件以及地理环境，使各地的民居在平面布局、结构方法、造型等方面呈现出淳朴自然，而又有着各自的特色。
B．历时三年的第六次全国人口普查是一次成功的国情大盘点，其数据将为我国社会经济发展规划的制定和政府的相关决策提供重要参考。
C．失眠是指因睡眠时间不足、质量不佳对身体产生损害而出现的不舒服的感觉，应对失眠需要了解相关的睡眠卫生知识，进行自我调护。
D．学校开展经典诵读活动有利于教风和学风建设，而中小学是人生品格形成的重要时期，所以这样的活动应着力于中小学就要抓紧抓好。
4．依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是今天的日子很短，正在自己的脚下悄悄地流逝，。
2011年考研数学三真题及答案解析
2011年考研数学（三）真题及答案详解一．选择题1.已知当错误!未找到引用源。
0x →时，函数()3sin sin3f x x x =-错误!未找到引用源。
与kcx 是等价无穷小，则（A ） 1,4k c == （B ）1,4k c ==- （C ） 错误!未找到引用源。
（D ）3,4k c ==-2．已知()f x 在0x =处可导，且()00f =，则()()2332limx x f x f x x→-=（A ）()'20f- （B ）()'0f -(C) ()'0f(D)03．设{}n u 是数列，则下列命题正确的是 （A ）若1nn u∞=∑收敛，则()2121n n n uu ∞-=+∑收敛（B ）若()2121n n n uu ∞-=+∑收敛，则1n n u ∞=∑收敛（C ）若1nn u∞=∑收敛，则()2121n n n uu ∞-=-∑收敛（D ）若()2121n n n uu ∞-=-∑收敛，则1n n u ∞=∑收敛4．设4440ln sin ,ln cot ,ln cos I xdx J xdx K xdx πππ===⎰⎰⎰，则,,I J K 的大小关系是（A ）I J K << （B ）I K J << （C ）J I K << （D ）K J I <<5．设A 为3阶矩阵，将A 的第二列加到第一列得矩阵B ，再交换B 的第二行与第一行得单位矩阵.记1100110001P ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦,2100001010P ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦,则A =（A ）12P P （B ）112P P - （C ）21P P （D ）121PP - 6．设A 为43⨯矩阵，123,,ηηη是非齐次线性方程组Ax β=的3个线性无关的解，12,k k 为任意常数，则Ax β=的通解为 （A ）()231212k ηηηη++- （B ）()232212k ηηηη-+-（C ）()()231312212k k ηηηηηη++-+- （D ）()()232213312k k ηηηηηη-+-+-7．设()()12,F x F x 为两个分布函数，其相应的概率密度()()12,f x f x 是连续函数，则必为概率密度的是（A ）()()12f x f x （B ）()()212f x F x（C ）()()12f x F x （D ）()()()()1221f x F x f x F x + 8．设总体X 服从参数为λ()0λ>的泊松分布，()12,,,2n X X X n ≥为来自总体的简单随机样本，则对应的统计量111n i i T X n ==∑，121111n in i T X X n n-==+-∑ （A ）1212,ET ET DT DT >> （B ）1212,ET ET DT DT >< （C ）1212,ET ET DT DT <> （D ）1212,ET ET DT DT <<二、填空题9．设0()lim (13)xtt f x x t →=+，则()f x '=10．设函数(1)xy xz y=+，则(1,0)dz =11．曲线tan()4y x y e π++=在点(0,0)处的切线方程为12．曲线21y x =-2x =及x 轴所围成的平面图形绕x 轴旋转所成的旋转体的体积为13．设二次型123(,,)T f x x x x Ax =的秩为1，A 中行元素之和为3，则f 在正交变换下x Qy =的标准为14．设二维随机变量(,)X Y 服从22(,;,;0)N μμσσ，则2()E XY =三、解答题15．求极限012sin 1x x x →+--16.已知函数(,)f u v 具有连续的二阶偏导数，(1,1)2f =是(,)f u v 的极值，[](),(,)z f x y f x y =+。
2011年高考英语全国卷1：真题及答案(打印版)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants.A .howeverB .whatever C.whichever D.whenever21.—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.—Yes, ?I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. What forC. whyD. what22. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23. Planing so far ahead no sense-so many thing will have changed by next year.A.madeB.is makingC.makesD.has made24. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just beingB.will just beC.had just beenD.would just be25.—Someone wants you on the phone.— nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So26. I can the house being untidy,but I hate it if it’s not clean.e up withB.put up withC. turn toD.stick to27. The next thing he saw was smoke _______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen28. Only when he reached the tea-house __________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realized29. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain30. The form cannot be signed by anyone _______ yourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than31. The prize will go to the writer ____________ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what32. They____ have arrived at lunchtime but their fight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should33. It is generally accepted that____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like____.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; 不填34. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ____.A. disappear B .fall C. fail D. damage35. —Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. ____.A. You name it.B. I’ve got it.C. I can’t agree more.D. You should know.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succed in life,a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago.The professor 37 the lecture hall ,placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆），and invited the student to 38 how many beans the jar contained .After39 shout of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer,and went on saying ,“you have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is:Never 42 your own senses.”Twenty years later, the 43 could guests what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible（无形的） to the 46 . which can be discovered only through scientific 47. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51. The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）。
2011年国考真题(完整版)附答案(word)
2011年中央机关及其直属机构公务员录用考试真题1、社会建设与人民幸福安康息息相关。
党的十七大报告提出，要加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设，下列各项不属于社会建设范畴的是：A.在学校建立贫困生资助体系B.为低收入家庭提供住房保障C.扩大各项社会保险的覆盖范围D.强化政府服务职能,建设服务型政府2、随着综合国力的提升,我国在国际社会中的作用与影响越来越突出,下列说法正确的是:A.我国的出口贸易额在“金砖四国”中位居第二B.我国目前是二十国集团中唯一的亚洲发展中国家C.我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标D.我国已与周边所有的邻国建立正式的外交关系4、我国的能源条件可以概括为：A、缺煤、富油、少气B、富煤、缺油、少气C、缺煤、缺油、多气D、富煤、富油、多气5、关于我国第六次人口普查，下列表述正确的是（）。
A.其标准时点是2010年1月1日至2010年12月31日B.所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据C.所需经费由中央政府完全负担，列入相应年度的财政预算D.采用按户口所在地登记的原则7、下列关于我国人大代表选举的表述，不正确的是：A.1953年通过的选举法规定，全国人大代表的选举，各省按每80万人选代表1人，直辖市和人口在50万以上的省辖市按每10万人选代表1人。
B.1979年修订的选举法规定，自治州、县、自治县人大代表中，农村每一代表所代表的人口数4倍于镇每一代表所代表的人口数，省、自治区人大为5:1，全国人大为8:1。
C.1995年修改的选举法规定，省、自治区和全国人大代表中，农村每一代表与城市每一代表所代表的人口数为4:1，自治州、县、自治县仍是4:1。
D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2:1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配。
8、根据我国国防动员法的有关规定，在国家的主权、统一、领土完整和安全遭受威胁时，决定全国总动员或局部动员和发布动员令的分别是：A、全国人民代表大会、国务院总理B、国家主席、国务院总理C、全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席D、全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长、国家主席14、关于我国的军衔制度，下列说法正确的是：A.士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种；B.一般分为帅、将、校、尉、士五个等级C.刘伯承、陈毅、粟裕等人曾被授予元帅军衔D.中国人民解放军第一次实行军衔制度是在1949年16、2010年新成立的我国第三个副省级新区是：A 上海浦东B 新疆喀什C 重庆两江D 天津滨海17、我国民族关系中的“三个离不开”指：A.少数民族的发展离不开自身的努力，离不开发达地区的帮助，离不开国家政策的支持B.汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开C.民族关系的和谐离不开经济发展，离不开民族政策教育，离不开法制建设D.各民族的团结离不开共同繁荣，离不开共同发展，离不开共同进步18、下列对地震的表述，不正确的：A.震源的深度越浅，地震破坏力越大，波及范围也越广B.我国地震带主要分布在台湾西南、西北、华北、东南沿海C.我国位于世界两大地震带—环太平洋地震带与欧亚地震带之间D.2008汶州地震是我国自1949以来破坏最强，波及范围最广的一次25、下列有关生活常识的说法，不正确的是：A、夏天不易穿深色衣服，深色衣服比浅色衣服更易吸收辐射热B、驱肠虫药若饭后服用，不易达到最好的驱虫效果C、按照建筑采光要求，相同高度的住宅群，昆明的楼房间距应该比哈尔滨的楼房间距大D、在汽车玻璃清洗液中加入适当比例的酒精，可使其抗冻效果更好26、荀子认为，人的知识、智慧、品德等，都是由后天学习、积累而来的。
2011年考研数学(一)真题(含答案解析)
11 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（一）试题 20 2011 一、选择题 1.曲线 y = ( x − 1)( x − 2) 2 ( x − 3) 2 ( x − 4) 2 拐点 A（1，0） B（2，0） C（3，0） D（4，0）
n k =1 n k =1
2 设数列 {an }单调递减， lim an = 0, S n =
an = 1 + 1 / 2 + … +
′′ ( x, y )dxdy = ∫ xdx ∫ yf xy ′′ ( x, y )dy I = ∫∫ xyf xy
0 0
1
1
D
∫
19.解：
1
0
′′ ( x, y )dy = ∫ ydf x′( x, y ) = y f xy ′ ( x, y ) 1 ′ yf xy 0 − ∫ f x ( x, y ) dy ,
∫
π 4
0
4 4 ln sin xdx , J = ∫ ln cot xdx , K = ∫ ln cos xdx 则I、J、K的大小关系是
π
π
0
0
A I<J<K B I<K<J C J<I<K D K<J<I 5.设 A 为 3 阶矩阵，将 A 的第二列加到第一列得矩阵 B，再交换 B 的第二行与第一行得单
显然 g ( 0 ) = 0 , 因为 g ′( t ) = 2 t arctan t > 0 , 所以 g ( t ) > g ( 0 ) = 0 (当 t > 0 ),
k −1 −
k − 1 > 0 , 极小值 − k arctan k − 1 > 0,
2011年高考英语全国卷：真题及答案(打印版)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)英语第一卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5 毫米的黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号。
在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给出的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How mony is the shirt?A. ＄19.15B. ＄9.15C. ＄9.18答案是 B1. What dose the man like about the play?A.The storyB. The endingC. The actor2. Which place are the speakers trying to find?A.A hotel.B.A bankC.A reastnurant.3. At what time will the two speakers meet?A.5:20.B.5:10.C.4:40.4. What will the man do?A.Change the planB.Wait for a phone call.C.Sort things out.5. What does the woman want to do?A. See a film with the man.B. Offer the man some help.C.listen to some great music.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2011年考研数学一真题及答案详解
0
2F sin t | x 0 ______________ ，则 dt x 2 y 2 1 t 2
12、设 L 是柱面方程 x 2 y 2 1 与平面 z x y 的交线，从 z 轴正向往 z 轴负向 看去为逆时针方向，则曲线积分 xzdx xdy
L
第 4 页 共 19 页
参考答案：
一、选择题 1、 曲线 y x 1x 2 x 3 x 4 的拐点是（
2 3 4
）
（A） （1，0）
（B） （2，0）
（C） （3，0）
（D ） （4，0）
【答案】C 【考点分析】本题考查拐点的判断。直接利用判断拐点的必要条件和第二充分条件即 可。 【 解 析 】 由
D
20、 （本题满分 11 分） 设向量组 1 (1,0,1)T ， 2 (0,1,1) T ， 3 (1,3,5) T 不能由向量组 1 (1,1,1)T ，
2 (1,2,3)T ， 3 (3,4, a) T 线性表示；
（1） 求 a 的值； （2） 将 1 , 2 , 3 用 1 , 2 , 3 线性表示； 21、 （本题满分 11 分）
X
P
0
13
1
23
Y P 且 P X 2 Y 2 1
-1
13
0
13
1
13
求（1）二维随机变量（X，Y）的概率分布； （2） Z XY 的概率分布 （3）X 与 Y 的相关系数 XY 23、 （本题满分 11 分） 设 X 1 , X 2 X n 是来自正态总体 N ( 0 , 2 ) 的简单随机样本， 其中 0 已知， 2 0 未知. X , S 2 为样本均值和样本方差. 求（1）求参数 2 的最大似然估计 2 (2) 计算 E 2 和 D 2
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2011年真题答案36.【答案】D。
解析：题干图形都只有1个封闭区域，选项中只有D的封闭区域数为1。
37.【答案】A。
解析：图形的数量转换。
将1个向上的三角形看作4个向下的三角形，则每个图中向下的三角形的个数依次是10、9、8、7，选项中A是6个向下的三角形。
【考点点拨】本题考查的是图形的数量转换，这一图形推理规律在近年来各类公务员考试中时有出现。
当题中出现几种小图形时，若单独查看每一图形的数量不能解决时，就应考虑到是否存在图形间的数量转换，通过对比分析，找出具体的数量转化方式。
38.【答案】D。
解析：题干图形的封闭区域数都是6，选项中只有D的封闭区域数是6。
39.【答案】B。
解析：题干图形中的曲线数都为3，选项中只有B符合。
40.【答案】A。
解析：题干每个图形中都分别有两种相同的图形相连，且二者所在的直线垂直，选项中只有A中两个三角形相连、两个方形相连，二者所在直线垂直。
此题也可从另外一个角度考虑，第一、二个图形中都有1个○、2个△、2个□、2个☆，第三、四个图形中都有2个○、1个△、2个□、2个☆，接下来的图形应有1个□或1个☆，只有A符合。
【考点点拨】这类题目的图形元素比较多，但是种类很固定，只是元素的数量和位置有变化，因此需要从数量和位置两方面入手，寻找突破口。
从数量上入手，可以发现每个图形中都有两种元素出现了两次；再从位置上分析，这两个相同的元素位置上都相连并且垂直，这样就找到了解题的突破口。
41.【答案】A。
解析：第一个图中两个相连的脸型每次顺时针移动两格，另外一个脸型每次顺时针移动一格。
42.【答案】C。
解析：每行图形的直线数之和都为10，应选择一个直线数为3的图形。
43.【答案】D。
解析：考虑每个图形的对称轴数。
每行来看，对称轴数依次是1、2、1，选项中只有D的对称轴数为1。
44.【答案】B。
解析：明星一定要通过媒体才可以炒作，并且媒体除了用来炒作还有其他作用；商品一定要通过市场才能进行交换，并且市场除了用来交换还有其他作用。
A项经济不一定需要政策才能复苏；C项武器只可以用来战争；D项明显不正确。
45.【答案】C。
解析：水泥是建筑的原料之一，而粉刷可以使建筑变得美观；木材是家具的原料之一，而油漆可以使家具变得美观。
46.【答案】C。
解析：解决了冲突才能和谐；消除了噪音才能安静。
47.【答案】D。
解析：勇敢是战士的特点；朴实是农民的特点。
48.【答案】D。
解析：“锦衣玉食”常被用来形容奢华的生活状态；“城下之盟”是形容因敌人兵临城下，而被迫签订的屈辱性的条约。
“汗牛充栋”形容藏书非常多；“噤若寒蝉”比喻有所顾虑而不敢说话；“吹毛求疵”比喻故意挑剔别人的缺点，寻找差错。
49.【答案】D。
解析：后面的词语隐含前面的词语，回顾是对历程的追忆，加快是对速度的描述。
50.【答案】D。
解析：功能关系，网络可以用于查询，车辆可以用于运输。
51.【答案】C。
解析：规避风险，完善制度。
52.【答案】B。
解析：建构理论，设计图纸。
A项理论源于实践，而规划和设计是近义词。
53.【答案】C。
解析：可以利用文氏图表示概念间的关系来解题。
由题干可画图如下：从上图可知，A、B、D三项都正确，甲和戊是全异关系，所以C项不能推出，故答案选C。
54.【答案】C。
解析：解释型题目。
矛盾是：调查中该市参加体育锻炼的居民比例升高了，而最大的健身中心顾客数略有下降。
A项指出统计存在缺陷，可以在一定程度上解释矛盾；B项说明健身中心顾客数量的下降另有他因，也可以解释矛盾；C项为真则说明矛盾确实存在，无法解释矛盾；D项说明可能其他的健身中心分流了顾客导致矛盾的产生，也属于另有他因，能够解释矛盾。
故答案选C。
55.【答案】A。
解析：加强型题目。
题干通过“小区使用防盗系统后盗窃事件发生率下降”得出结论“该防盗系统对防止盗窃事件起到重要作用”。
A项通过与其他小区盗窃事件发生率的对比说明防盗系统的作用，加强了题干结论；B 项削弱了结论；C项说明整体盗窃事件发生率都下降了，与防盗系统的使用无关，削弱了结论；D项说明别的措施也可以达到同样效果，削弱了结论。
故答案选A。
56.【答案】D。
解析：前提型题目。
题干从“中国生产的汽车比其他国家生产的汽车要便宜得多”推出“其他国家的汽车工业将失去一部分汽车市场，而这些市场将被中国汽车占据”。
要使这个推论成立，则价格必须是购买者考虑的重要因素，并且中国汽车和其他国家汽车的质量相似，即Ⅱ和Ⅲ是必须假设的。
即使油耗相等，购买者也可能因为价格原因选择中国汽车，所以Ⅰ不是必须假设的。
Ⅳ若为真，则不能使题干推论成立。
故答案选D。
57.【答案】B。
解析：削弱型题目。
题干由新增院士中官员的比例高得出结论：“官员身份”在院士评选中起到了非常大的作用。
A项官员是否能当选与“官员身份”是否起到作用没有关系，为无关项；B项说明当选院士中官员的增多与官员身份无关，削弱了结论；C 项为无关项；D项说明官员身份起到了作用，加强了结论。
故答案选B。
58.【答案】C。
解析：削弱型题目。
题干由“我国与西方发达国家应届毕业生中选择自主创业的学生所占比例的对比”得出结论“西方发达国家的大学生更具有创业才能”。
有无创业才能应看创业成功率而非创业人数所占的比例，C项说明西方发达国家的学生并非更具有创业才能，直接削弱论点。
A项说明中国高校大学生自主创业人数所占比例少是另有他因，但不一定能削弱结论；比例与绝对数量无关，所以B项是无关项；D项挑战自我也与题干论证无关。
故答案选C。
59.【答案】D。
解析：削弱型题目。
题干现象为“A市的图书销售量高于B市”，结论为“A市的居民比B市的居民更喜爱阅读”。
A项从一定程度上削弱论点；B、C两项说明现象的出现另有他因，也削弱了论点；D项则加强了结论。
故答案选D。
60.【答案】C。
解析：解释型题目。
题干中的矛盾在于：专家发明了新的高仿合成皮草用于家居饰品，但对珍稀动物的捕杀活动没有减少。
A、B两项都加深了题干矛盾；D项与题干矛盾无关。
只有C项说明高仿皮草虽然用于家居饰品但动物皮草大多用于皮草服饰，很好地解释了题干矛盾。
故答案选C。
61.【答案】C。
解析：留置权的定义要点是：①债务人不履行到期债务；②债权人已经合法占有债务人的动产；③债权人有权优先受偿。
A项符合定义，丙享有留置权；B项不符合②，乙没有合法占有甲工厂的机器设备，故无留置权；D项符合定义，孙某有留置权。
C 项符合定义，乙某享有留置权，故答案选C。
62.【答案】B。
解析：恐惧症的定义要点是：①非理性、不适当；②当时并无危险却产生极端恐惧感。
A项中陈女士当时有危险，不符合要点②；B项中小徐的情况符合定义要点，属于恐惧症；C项中小李也面临着出车祸的危险，不符合要点②；D项中小钱的恐惧感是由于看恐怖片造成的，并不是非理性的，不符合要点①。
故答案选B。
63.【答案】A。
解析：形式公正的定义要点是：①个人或权力机关；②对事及对人同等对待。
A项符合定义；B项中调节收入差距、C项中保护濒危动物、D项中设置低价均不符合②。
64.【答案】C。
解析：继续犯的定义要点：不法状态在一定时间内处于继续状态的犯罪。
A、B两项均为故意杀人罪，当受害人死亡时，犯罪过程便全部完成，不存在继续或者持续状态。
D项走私毒品和暴力抗检不是同一犯罪行为，不符合定义。
只有C项受害人被绑架期间，该犯罪处于继续状态，符合定义。
65.【答案】D。
解析：印象管理的定义要点之一是“确保他人对自己做出愉快评价”。
A项参与电视娱乐节目赚人气不是使人对自己做出愉快评价，不符合定义；B、C项都没有使人产生愉快评价，不符合定义；D项符合定义。
2011年真题答案81.【答案】D。
解析：农药产生污染，电脑产生辐射。
污染和辐射词性相同，且都对人体不好。
82.【答案】B。
解析：题干中的词组是种属关系，知觉属于感性认识的一种，管制属于刑罚的一种。
83.【答案】C。
解析：节日与特有民俗文化的关系。
元宵节吃汤圆，重阳节赏菊花。
84.【答案】A。
解析：题干中的词组是种属关系，《诗经》属于诗集，《说文解字》属于字典。
85.【答案】B。
解析：动宾结构。
执行决策，且先有决策后执行。
实施计划，且先有计划后实施。
86.【答案】B。
解析：成语及其主人公的关系。
“破釜沉舟”讲的是项羽的故事，“精忠报国”讲的是岳飞的故事。
“乐不思蜀”讲的是刘禅的故事，“卧薪尝胆”讲的是勾践的故事，“纸上谈兵”讲的是赵括的故事。
87.【答案】C。
解析：地基是房屋的基础，爱情是婚姻的基础。
B项火车在铁路上运行，但铁路并不是火车的基础。
88.【答案】D。
解析：教师在教室里进行教育，演员在舞台上进行表演。
89.【答案】A。
解析：动宾结构。
调解纠纷，垄断市场。
90.【答案】B。
解析：电子邮件通过网络传输，汽车在道路上行驶。
91.【答案】A。
解析：考查直言命题的矛盾关系。
①和③是下反对关系，必有一真。
由“只有一个为真的”可知，②必然为假，即可推出单位的负责人是本科学历，进而推出①为真，则③为假，可推出所有人都是本科学历。
故答案选A。
92.【答案】C。
解析：评价型题目。
题干是一个必要条件假言命题的有效推理形式，肯定后件就能肯定前件。
用符号形式表示为：只有P，才Q，Q，所以P。
A项的推理形式是：如果P，那么Q，Q，所以P，与题干不同；B项的推理形式是：只有P，才Q，非P，所以非Q，与题干不同；C项的推理形式是：只有P，才Q，Q，所以P，与题干相同；D项的推理形式是：只有P，才Q，非Q，所以非P，与题干不同。
故答案选C。
93.【答案】B。
解析：分析推理类题目。
赵海和李田不入选，只剩三名女性和王波、胡庆两名男性，则肯定有女性入选。
由“胡庆不能与女性候选人同时入选”可知，胡庆不入选。
假设王波入选，则由“孙美和王波不能同时入选”可知，孙美不入选，张丽、朱萍入选；假设王波不入选，则三名女性同时入选。
所以有两种组成：①三名女性；②张丽、朱萍和王波。
故答案选B。
94.【答案】B。
解析：分析推理类题目。
由题干条件，得：①政治+专一=英语+专二；②政治+专二＞英语+专一；③专一＞政治+英语。
由①+②得，政治＞英语；由②-①得，专二＞专一；再由③得，专二＞专一＞政治＞英语。
故答案选B。
95.【答案】C。
解析：削弱型题目。
此题要求选“不能质疑”的一项。
题干由果蝇的实验推测出“有烟瘾和嗜好咖啡的人，得帕金森病的几率更低”。
A项说明人类与果蝇大脑产生多巴胺细胞的机制存在差异，直接削弱了论证关系；B项削弱了论据；D项说明实验结果是“另有他因”，从而削弱了题干推测。
C项的“暴力犯罪”与“得帕金森病的几率”无关。
故答案选C。
96.【答案】D。
解析：考查复言命题推理。
题干要求检验“如果一面是梅花，那么另一面是6”这个充分条件假言命题的真假。
只有在前件真且后件假时，该命题才为假。