高三英语高考完型填空题的设计思路和命题特点

高考完形填空题的设计思路和命题特点了解高考完形填空题的设计思路和命制特点对于考生顺利完成做题有着重要的指导意义。现行的《全国统一考试英语科说明》对做完形填空题的要求是“….所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，机构完整。”这个要求反映了该题型的主要优点在于它能够多层次，全方位地考查学生综合语言知识的水平。因此，这一题型涉及知识面广，综合性强，覆盖面广，它不仅能真实地反映出考生的语言知识水平，而且还能反映出考生的理解能力，逻辑推理能力以及综合运用语言，驾驭语言知识的能力。权威统计的数据表明，在高考NMET考试中，完形填空题的失分几乎达到60%，成为考生感到最难的题目之一。完形填空题的设计要求从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，能使短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整，答题时需要根据词汇的意义和用法，词语搭配和惯用法，词语辩析，行文逻辑等通篇考虑，掌握大意，精密思考。设计完形填空题时，要尽可能多设需联系上下文才能得出答案的问题。如果虽然有上下文，但可以在句子范围内找到答案，就失去了语境的意义而不成其为完形填空了。请看以下填空题：1) They were busy ____ earth in their mouths to stop the entrance of the nest.

A) carrying B) carry C)carried D)to carry 2) Have you _____the right guess?

A) make B) to make C) made D)making 3) What do we know about the water: oceans, seas and rivers? Most___ us have seen water.

A) in B) of C) on D) to 例1）的答案为A，因为be busy doing是固定搭配；做例2）时只要稍懂现在完成时的结构就可以判断出答案是C；例3）中找出正确答案B非常简单，因为most后接人称代词时必须用of连接。以上几例选择题即使用单项选择题的要求来衡量也过于容易了，而这些题目作为完形填空题是无法训练学生运用英语能力的。高考完形填空题一般具有如下设计思路和命制特点： A. 加强在分析语境的过程中对逻辑意义理解能力的考查。纵观近几年的高考完形填空题，不难发现完形填空题对上下文语境理解的考查题几乎占整个题型的一半。据统计，1995年和1996年考查这类能力的测试题分别为11题和9题。这足以说明此类题在完形填空题中所占的比重。如：It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyes people were moving quickly, heading towards their __41___. This was the beginning of another ___42___ day in New York City. ___43___ this day was to be different. (NMET 94)

41. A. jobs B. homes C. uses D. offices

42. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary

43. A. And B. So C. But D. Thus 分析：从上下文的语境可以知道，这是纽约人生活中又一个平常的一天。早晨人们匆匆忙忙地去上班，但是这平凡的一天却发生了一件不平凡的事。因此，第41空只能填。而意义过“窄”，仅能表明所谓的白领阶层的工作，与文义明显不符，从第42空前面的（又一）可以推断，这一天与平常无异，故选。该空的最大干扰项是，由上下文很容易误选，但和上下文照应则发现其上下文的逻辑明显不畅。因此，综合上下文的语境可以看出第42题选C，其行文逻辑是在一个平平常常的一天却发生了一件异乎寻常的事。

B. 对常用习语搭配和惯用法的掌握程度的考查。这些重要的短语也是放在短文中的语境中去考查。如：Scientists are doing a research ___42___ her. (NMET 95)

42. A. for B. by C. to D. on 分析：从句义中不难发现，该题测试考生在具体的语境中对词组do a research on sth的掌握。答案：D。又如：When she wants to be picked ___46___ , Washoe points up with one finger.(NMET 95)

46．A．out B．at C．on D．up 分析：该题测试对短语pick up的掌握。答案：D。对句式结构或句型的语言分析能力的考查，特别是复杂的句式结构的分析理解。如：Waiting ___44___ the crowded streets, on top of a ___45___ 110 stories high, was Philippe. (NMET 94)

44. A. for B. in C. by D. above

45. A. roof B. position C. wall D .building 分析：该句为介词短语在前的倒装句，在掌握该句的结构的基础上，不难理解这位冒险家正在一个110层楼上等待着，故两题答案都是D。又如：It was too high to ___50___. After she considered the ___51___ . She got a tall box to stand ___52___. The food was still too high to be reached. (NMET 95)

50. A. pull B. see C. eat D. reach

51. A. problem B. position C. food D. ceiling.

52．A. by B. on C. up D. with 分析：句子的意思是：“食物太高，够不着，于是找来高的箱子站在上面。”据此，答案应分别为D，A，B。C. 对在具体语境中词汇的意义与用法的考查。有些小题，仅读懂了全文还不能确定答案，还要准确掌握词汇的意义和熟练掌握词汇的用法。尤其是词汇的意义，其内涵，外延，褒贬，修辞色彩等都有所了解和积累，要善于在具体的语境中分辨词汇的具体意义，切忌望文生义。如：She went from room to room, checking, and found her camera and spare watch ___48___ . (NMET 92)

48. A. losing B. missing C. leaving D. disappearing 分析：正确答案为B。表示什么东西不见了，丢失了。lose也可以表示东西丢失，但要说lost。leaving没有丢失的意思。disappearing

意为消失，appearing与相对，不合文意。又如：…Washoe found a ___53___ pole. Then she climbed onto the ___54___; grasped the pole, and ___55___ down the food with the pole. (NMET 95)

53. A. straight B. strong C. long D. big

54. A. wall B. box C. ceiling D. pole

55. A. knocked B. picked C. took D. shock 分析：该句中第53题和第55题均涉及词义的辩析。由语境可以知道食物太高，于是Washoe “找到竿子爬到桌上，拿起竿子，砸掉食物”，故第53题选C。（竿子是长的才符合逻辑）。而第55题使用竿子只能“砸”，而不是“摇”，“取”或“捡”，故选A。由上下文得知，容易推断第54题选B。D. 对通篇理解，全方位思考问题的能力的考查。这主要包括两个方面：

a. 提示在前。有时候根据小题本身不能确定答案，似乎几个选项都可以。其实，正确的答案在上文已有信息提示。如：___60___ was heard outside as the ___61___ fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back. (NMET92)

60.A. A sad voice B.A strange noise C. A warning shout D. A sharp cry

61. A. key B. kettle C. door-lock D. wire 分析：在上文已经提到“一根铁丝伸了进来，然后便是一只手”。这就是文中有提示，然后在提示后面来让考生做题。铁丝掉在地板上。答案：60.D 61.D b. 提示在后。还有一些题目需要根据上下文的暗示才能确定答案。这种暗示有的直接的，即直接出现正确选项的单词，有时是间接的，考生要根据内容来推断正确的答案。如：This daring Frenchman was about to ___46___ a tightrope between the two towers of the World Trade Centre. (NMET 94)

46. A. throw B. walk C. climb D. fix 分析：考生阅读到此，还是难以确定答案，但再读下去，文中出现了Philippe walked his way across，很显然，答案应该是B。又如：Once she was put in a ___49___ with food hanging from the ceiling. (NMET 95)

49. A. cave B. zoo C. room D. museum 分析：答案C在后半句中得到了暗示，因为只有room才有ceiling。为什么黄冈中学的学生在国际学科比赛中独占鰲头获得金牌，在每年的高考中荣获冠军? 为什么在全国中学教育界形成了“黄冈中学”高考夺标模式？黄冈中学校长陈家鼎给出了答案：除了教授学生知识和培养学生能力，还要指导学生对考试大纲的了解和命题的思路，方能在考试大战中大获全胜。尤其对我们普通中学的学生更是如此。希望我们的老师在讲评试卷时注意这方面的指导，同时也希望我们的同学在学习做题看参考时多领悟试题的考点是如何展现的。注意到这点，我相信我们的学生能在高考中考出好成绩来。预祝我校高三毕业班学生高考成功！

高考英语完型填空专题练习及答案

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结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。【解题方法】用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。【经典例题】阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 The Internet has become part of young people’s life. ____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _____2____ (use) information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen ____6___ students spen d too much time on the Internet. _____7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make ____9____ on the Internet. But if you want

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While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens. 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create 44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken 45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason 49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted 50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance 51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious 55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize 56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for 57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated https://www.360docs.net/doc/9610921450.html,stly B.Thus C.Instead D.However 59.A.required B.caused C.allowed D.expected 60.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new

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Lindsey’s husband was totally (14) by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we (15) it and the gifts.＂ Teresa (16) a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website (17) by the touching words: ＂What a (18) this young man was to our family! He was so (19) and kind to do this.＂The post has since gained the (20) of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. 1. A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong 2. A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed 3. A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical 4. A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning 5. A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival 6. A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated 7. A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around 8. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort 9. A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing 10. A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother 11. 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