新沪教版英语初三全册定语从句(基础讲解)

沪教版初中英语三年级

精编试题及知识点汇总

学生姓名：班级：学号：

定语从句的用法

【概念引入】

欣赏含有定语从句的名言：

Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.

笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。

Don’t trust the first sign that you see.

不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。

All is not gold that glitters.

发光的未必都是金子。

Nothing is impossible to the man who has will.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

God helps those who help themselves.

自助者天助。

【用法讲解】

一、定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

这是他给我的生日礼物。

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

你认识来宴会的每一位吗？

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。

二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。【高清课堂：Relative clauses with “who”】

I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics.

我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。

These are musicians who make us happy.

这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。

People who eat a balanced diet are healthier.

平衡饮食的人是健康的。

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗？

Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

你想见的李先生已经来了。

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

字典是给单词释义的一本书。

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

这是老师昨天提到的那本书。

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。【高清课堂：Relative clauses with "that"】

I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我喜欢具有优美歌词的音乐。

Carmen likes music that’s loud. Carmen喜欢大声的音乐。

I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on th e farm.

我从来不会忘记我们工作在农场的那个时光。

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

在我离开的那天他到的北京。

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。

This is the house where we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的那个房子。

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

他的父亲工作的工厂是在城市的东边。

三、关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

我不喜欢说话多做事少的人。

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

在湖北省生产的汽车销量好。

2. 作宾语

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

她是我昨天在校门口遇到的那个人。

The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.

我奶奶给我的那本书叫做《胜利大逃亡》。

3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男士叫什么名字？

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.