大学英语语法名词总结grammar terms

Grammar terms
1.Inflectional Affix 屈折词缀example:-es,-s,-ed,-d,-er,-est
2.Derivational Affix派生词缀example:prefix:anti-,co-,un-;suffix:-ion,-ness
3.Derivative派生词example:unfair,nonsmoker
pound word复合词
n. + n. workshop, bookshelf, lifesaver, color-film
pron. + n. she-wolf, he-bear, he-man
n. + v. sunrise, sunset, shoplift, power-cut
v. + n. scarecrow, telltale, breakfast, turncoat
a. + n. greenhouse, red-tape, bluebook
a. +n. + ed. smooth-tongued, cold-blooded, narrow-minded, high-nosed
n. + v. + ed. heart-broken, weather-beaten, home-made, heartfelt
n. + v. + ing. peace-keeping, law-abiding, time-saving, truth-telling, fact-finding
n. + a. blood-thirsty, ice-free, snow-white, homesick
a. + n. high-grade, first-class, long-range, new-type, second-hand
a. + a. bloody-red, bittersweet, dead-alive, white-hot
v. + a. test-wise, failsafe, diehard, talk-big
prep. + n. indoor, overhead, aboveboard, online
hyphen conj. out-of-door, life-and-death, wait-and-see
adv. + v. to overtake, to uplift, to uproot, to underline, to downplay, to upload
n. + n. to brainstorm, to streamline, to dog-ear, to windsurf, to showcase
n. + v. to air-drop, to eavesdrop, to breastfeed, to nose-dive, to mastermind
a. + v. to safeguard, to whitewash, to blindfold
5.Closed class封闭词类介词preposition in,of,on,without
代词pronoun you,he,one,which
限定词Determiner a,the,this,some
连词conjunction and,or,but,because
助动词Auxiliary do,can,may,must,will
Determiner限定词definite article，indefinite article,zero article, a,the,/
possessive determiner物主限定词my,your,his
genitive noun名词属格John’s,Bob’s
demonstrative determiner 指示限定词this,that
Relative determiner 关系限定词whose,which
Interrogative determiner 疑问限定词what,whose,which
Indefinite determiner不定限定词no,some,any,every
Cardinal numeral基数词&ordinal numeral序数词
Multiplicative numeral倍数词& fractional分数词
Quantifier量词 a lot of,a great number of
6.Open class 开放词类noun,adjective,adverb,main verb
7.介于封闭与开放cardinal numbers基数词，ordinal numeral序数词；interjection 感叹词
8.Phrase词组Noun phrase(det.)限定词+ (modifier) + Noun + (modifier)
a lazy boy still asleep ；the earthquake of Richter magnitude 8
Verb phrase Simple VP: Main Verb + (modifier)
Complex VP: Auxiliary + Main Verb + (mod.)
Example: to pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑；to pull up one’s socks 鼓起勇气
Adverb phrase(modifier) + Adverb + (modifier)
Example : far away from downtown Chengdu.
Adjective phrase(modifier) + Adjective + (compliment)
Example: extremely easy; too boring to be enjoyable.
Prepositional phrase (modifier) + preposition + compliment
Example: easy for operation;powerful in function
9.Clause分句 A.independent clause独立分句/Dependent(subordinate) clause 从属分句
B.Simple clause/complex clause（有其他主谓成分）
C.Main clause 主句/subordinate clause分句
D.Finite clause/non-finite clause（以非限定动词词组作谓语动词）
10.Sentence句子 A. Full sentence/minor sentence
B.Simple sentence
pound sentence并列句example：I don’t agree with you, but
I’ll give my life to defend your right of saying it.
plex sentence复杂句example:What the teachers told us in
school is not the same as what it is in the society.
pound-complex sentence复杂并列句example:We don’t care
what your say, but what you do.
11.Noun Proper noun专用名词
Common noun普通名词
individual noun个体名词<C.N>;collective noun集体名词<C.N/U.N>;
material noun物质名词<U.N>;abstract noun抽象名词<U.N>.
12.Pronoun代词 A. Personal pronoun人称代词I,me,you
B.Possessive pronoun 物主代词his,mine,hers
C.Reflexive pronoun反身代词myself,yourself,ourselves
D.Reciprocal pronoun相互代词each other,one another
E.Demonstrative pronoun 指示代词this,that,those,these
F.Interrogative pronoun 疑问代词what,who,whose
G.Relative pronoun关系代词who (whom) / that ,which / that
H.Infinitive pronoun不定代词Numeral&Quantifier much,many,lots of
Compound pronoun anything。