实验五缓冲溶液的配制和性质
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实验五.缓冲溶液的配制和性质
一.实验目的: 1.掌握缓冲溶液的配制方法; 2.加深对缓冲溶液性质的理解, 3.学会使用pH计测定溶液的pH值
实验原理
缓冲溶液常由一对共轭酸碱组成，其中的共轭 酸充当抗碱成分而共轭碱则充当抗酸成分，因 此当缓冲溶液中加入少量的强酸或强碱时，其 pH值能保持基本不变。缓冲溶液的近似pH值 可用下式计算：
1molL-1NaOH pH试纸
0.1 molL-1NaOH
实验内容
1.缓冲溶液的配制 H2PO4-—HPO42-
共轭酸加共轭碱
H2PO4-—HPO42-
共轭酸加强碱 ： 共轭碱加强酸：
H2PO4-部分与NaOH反应 HPO42-部分与HCl反应
2.缓冲溶液的性质
编号
缓冲溶液 （1）
蒸馏水
0.1molL-1 NaOH
0.1molL-1 HCl pH值
(pH试纸)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
对照管
对照管
---
3mL
---
---
---
3mL
3mL
---
5滴
3mL
---
3mL
3mL
3mL
---
---
3mL
---
5滴
---
---
---
5滴
---
---
---
5滴
---
3、缓冲容量（缓冲能力） 取三个洁净的50mL小烧杯，编号为1、2、3，然后如下 表所示加入试剂，并进行相应实验：
项目
1ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2
3
配制
pH1 （酸度计）
0.1molL-1 NaOH
pH2 （酸度计）
20mL（1）缓冲 溶液
（缓冲比=1）
1.00mL
36mLNa2HPO4加 4mLKH2PO4
（缓冲比=9/1）
4mLNa2HPO4加 36mLKH2PO4 （缓冲比=1/9）
2.00mL
2.00mL
pH
思考题 1、为什么缓冲溶液具有缓冲能力？ 2、缓冲溶液的pH值由哪些因素决定？ 3、缓冲溶液缓冲容量取决于哪些因素？
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一.实验目的: 1.掌握缓冲溶液的配制方法; 2.加深对缓冲溶液性质的理解, 3.学会使用pH计测定溶液的pH值
实验原理
缓冲溶液常由一对共轭酸碱组成，其中的共轭 酸充当抗碱成分而共轭碱则充当抗酸成分，因 此当缓冲溶液中加入少量的强酸或强碱时，其 pH值能保持基本不变。缓冲溶液的近似pH值 可用下式计算：
1molL-1NaOH pH试纸
0.1 molL-1NaOH
实验内容
1.缓冲溶液的配制 H2PO4-—HPO42-
共轭酸加共轭碱
H2PO4-—HPO42-
共轭酸加强碱 ： 共轭碱加强酸：
H2PO4-部分与NaOH反应 HPO42-部分与HCl反应
2.缓冲溶液的性质
编号
缓冲溶液 （1）
蒸馏水
0.1molL-1 NaOH
0.1molL-1 HCl pH值
(pH试纸)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
对照管
对照管
---
3mL
---
---
---
3mL
3mL
---
5滴
3mL
---
3mL
3mL
3mL
---
---
3mL
---
5滴
---
---
---
5滴
---
---
---
5滴
---
3、缓冲容量（缓冲能力） 取三个洁净的50mL小烧杯，编号为1、2、3，然后如下 表所示加入试剂，并进行相应实验：
项目
1ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2
3
配制
pH1 （酸度计）
0.1molL-1 NaOH
pH2 （酸度计）
20mL（1）缓冲 溶液
（缓冲比=1）
1.00mL
36mLNa2HPO4加 4mLKH2PO4
（缓冲比=9/1）
4mLNa2HPO4加 36mLKH2PO4 （缓冲比=1/9）
2.00mL
2.00mL
pH
思考题 1、为什么缓冲溶液具有缓冲能力？ 2、缓冲溶液的pH值由哪些因素决定？ 3、缓冲溶液缓冲容量取决于哪些因素？
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