任务型阅读理解的考查形式及解题技巧

任务型阅读理解的考查形式及解题技巧
任务型阅读理解是阅读理解的一种创新形式，主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语用能力的考查，是一种很好的培养学生阅读兴趣的题型。

它的考查方式多样，可以是回答问题、句子还原、信息搭配、翻译句子、填写表格，也可以是综合型的。

现根据任务设计的不同要求对“任务型阅读理解”题目进行分类讲解，以供同学们复习参考使用。

一、阅读补全型
（一）考查形式
这类任务型阅读理解要求是在一段250词左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的5个或7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。

这类阅读理解主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意思的理解和掌握。

它考查的重点在文章的结构上，需要考生具有较强的逻辑思维、判断推理和整合的能力。

要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。

（二）解题技巧
1. 通读全文，了解文章大意
快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，掌握文章结构和主要内容。

通常情况下，文章的主题句会出现在文章的开头或者结尾，因此，考生在阅读的过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾两段，准确快速地掌握文章大意。

另外，不少文章都有标题或小标题，通过标题我们也可以大致确定文章的主题。

2. 快速浏览选项，初选答案
在浏览完全文，对文章大意有所了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。

在浏览的过程中，要特别注意选项中出现的与原文相同或者相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。

3. ?读文章和选项，确定答案
大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文，选取与文义最贴切的选项。

此时，应遵循“先易后难”的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。

对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放，接着往下看，往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况，最终确定答案。

4. 对比分析，排除干扰
我们在初选答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。

由于多余选项（七选五）可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出
正确答案。

【题型示例1】（五选五）
（2016年河南卷，保留原题号）There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant （令人愉快的）but are not. 61
When someone says they have to “face the music”，it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music”means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action.
62 For example，“I cant face another night of camping！Its cold and rainy.”Or “In life，you must face your fears.”Face used in this way is very common.
But now，lets go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says，“Thanks so much for watching my car while Im away. But please，do not drive it. It is an extremely （极其）fast car.”63 You want to show off to some friends. So，you drive it around town one night. As bad luck would have it，you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang！
When your friend returns you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. 64
It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her
sports car or both. Whatever the music is，you must face it.
65 To “take your medicine”means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says “You made your bed. Now lie in it.”，they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results！
根据材料内容，从下面5个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。

A. But you do not listen.
B. “Face the music”is a good example.
C. The “music”here is the result of your actions.
D. Americans often use the word “face”in this way.
E. There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “face the music”.
61. _____ 62. _____ 63. _____ 64. _____
65. _____
答案与简析：本文介绍了face the music这个表达的使用场合及意义，同?r还介绍了类似表达take your medicine和make your bed。

答案如下：
61. B。

根据前句句意和后句所举例子可知，本空起承上启下的过渡作用，来导入本文所要谈及的话题face the music，故选B。

62. D。

根据“Face used in this way is very common.”可知，此处指的是face的这种用法很普遍，故选D。

63. A。

根据“But please，do not drive it. It is an extremely （极其）fast car.”和“So，you drive it around town one night.”可知，你的朋友不让你开车，但是你却开车转了一夜，因此你没有听朋友的话，故选A。

64. C。

根据“It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both.”可知，此处指你不听朋友的劝告最终要面对的结果，故选C。

65. E。

根据“To ‘take your medicine’means to accept the results from something bad you have done.”可知，face the music和take your medicine意思相同，故选E。

【题型示例2】（七选五）
（2016年枣庄卷，保留原题号）56 Sometimes you can find a job easily，by walking into a local store and looking at its notice board （布告栏）. Local stores often have areas for people to put small signs telling the services that they need or they can provide. 57
Another popular tool for finding a job is the Internet. For example，people around the world can use the Craigslist Website to buy things，meet people or find a job. 58 Another useful way to find a job is through a university. 59
Many college students like this way better.
At times，some experts （专业人士）can also help people find a job. Susan Miller has her own company called California Job Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find a job by first helping them understand their strengths，goals and interests. 60 So with her help，many people have succeeded in finding a good job.
答案与简析：本文介绍了一些找工作的途径。

答案如下：
56. F。

由全文所谈及的话题以及本空后一句可知，此处是导入话题，应该是在讲述人们找工作的方式有很多，故选F。

57. C。

根据上一句“Local stores often have areas for people to put small signs telling the services that they need or they can provide.”可知，此处是在介绍那些具体的服务工作，故选C。

58. A。

根据上句“... people around the world can use the Craigslist Website to buy things，meet people or find a job.”可知，世界各地的人们在网站上买东西、交友或者找工作。

因此网站上会有很多工作机会，故选A。

59. D。

根据上句“Another useful way to find a job is through a university.”和下句“Many college students like this way better.”可知，这里是在举例子，所以选D。

60. E。

根据前句“She says her company helps people find
a jo
b by first helping them understand their strengths，goals and interests.”可推知应该选E，即她为他们提供找到合适的工作的方法。

二、阅读填表型
（一）考查形式
这类任务型阅读理解所设计的题目一般有一个图表或
一个表格，其中有一些信息留出了空格，要求考生根据文章内容填空。

所填的内容一般为事实细节，如：时间、事件及人物；数字及排位；物体的构成及功能等。

这些信息皆可从原文中找到对应词，整体上比较简单。

（二）解题技巧
1. 读表
迅速阅读表格，预测所缺单词。

通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而揣测命题人的目的和意图，准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。

要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解短文的大意。

2. 读文
快速浏览全文，把握短文大意，找准细节定位。

任务型阅读要求考生解读语篇，掌握文章的框架结构和段落大意，又要求考生对具体的事实细节进行查找和定位、理解和转换。

因此，在阅读文章?r，考生应适时恰当地运用多种阅读技巧，对文章进行全面把握。

3. 填表
抓住有效信息，准确填表。

任务型阅读考查学生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力，又要求对文中信息进行理解转换，并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结。

在填表时注意“词形转换题”，一般考查将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换、同义词与反义词转换以及前缀和后缀转换等。

填好表格后，再次校对所填单词的拼写是否正确，是否符合文章内容。

4. 注意答题细节
审清表格，注意表格中所缺单词的排列顺序，特别要留神写到答题卡上的单词序号。

正确拼写单词，注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致及非谓语动词的使用等。

另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。

【题型示例1】
（2016年金华卷，保留原题号）下面是一封来自美国的邮件，内容是你们班同学去San Francisco旅游的相关须知。

请你阅读该邮件，然后将其中的要点分条列出，张贴在班级的告示栏中。

答案与简析：本文主要介绍了去旧金山旅游的五条建议。

答案如下：
71. warm。

根据文章第二段中的“First，bring a warm jacket and sweater so that youre prepared for changes in the
temperature.”可知，要带保暖衣物以防天气变化。

72. walking。

根据文章第五段中的“One more thing. San Francisco is a great walking city―but there are hills！Bring a comfortable pair of walking shoes if youre planning to go around on foot.”可知，要带walking shoes。

73. （prepaid）phone。

根据第三段最后两句“So a prepaid phone card is needed. I suggest you buy one at the airport.”，并结合语境可知填（prepaid）phone。

74. Book。

根据第四段最后一句并结合语境可知填Book，即提前预订宾馆。

75. Get。

根据第三段最后一句可知填Get，即获得旧金山最新文体活动的信息。

【题型示例2】
（2016年黄冈卷，保留原题号）It is said that the eyes are the windows of our soul. However，to have healthy eyes，you have to look after them properly. Your eyes need everyday attention.
Firstly，you have to pay more attention to your diet. Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk，Its good for your eyes. Besides，a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken.
Secondly，you must have a regular and sound sleep. It
relaxes the eye muscles （肌肉）and gives them the rest required. Sleep can help the body to repair its tired tissues （组织）. Usually，you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes.
Next，its necessary for you to exercise eyes every day. Blink （眨眼）your eyes at regular periods，which makes the eyeballs watery，and gives them a good wash.
Lastly，you should use your eyes in right ways. Fox example，if a small thing goes into your eye you start rubbing it，which is wrong. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Dont read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye tiredness. Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining directly into your eyes. Too much reading，writing，watching television or working on the computer can also cause eye tiredness，so a good rest is required. If you always take care of Gods most beautiful gift，your life will be very colorful！
阅读上面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中的信息（每空最多不超过四个词）。

[Diet Eating food that 68. _________ your eyes，such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Taking a proper amount of Vitamins A and B2 regularly. 69. ____ Having a regular and sound sleep is a must.
Getting enough sleep is necessary. Eye exercising Having your eyes exercised every day.
Blinking your eyes at regular periods. Eye using Its wrong 70. _________ when something goes into your eye.
You have to use sunglasses to keep away from bright sunshine.
You should 71. _________ after reading，writing，watching TV or working on the computer. ]
答案与简析：文章介绍了保护眼睛的几种方法。

答案如下：
68. is good for。

根据文章第二段中的“Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk. Its good for your eyes.”可知，要吃对眼睛有益的食物。

69. Sleep。

根据文章第三段可知，有规律的睡眠和质量高的睡眠对眼睛有益。

故此处介绍的是睡眠。

70. to rub it。

根据“Fox example，if a small thing goes into your eye you start rubbing it，which is wrong.”可知，小东西进入了眼里，揉眼睛是不对的，根据句型“Its wrong to do sth.”（做某事是不对的），故此处填to rub it。

71. have a good rest / rest。

由文中的“Too much reading，
writing，watching television or working on the computer can also cause eye tiredness，so a good rest is required.”可知，读书、写字、看电视以及在电脑前工作太长时间之后，眼睛需要休息。

故填have a good rest / rest。

三、阅读表达型
（一）考查形式
此?任务型阅读理解采用综合设题形式，即将各种问题进行组合搭配，常见的有：回答问题、翻译句子、句型转换、词义猜测、拟订标题、填写句子等。

是对阅读信息进行二次加工的过程，它通常要求考生归纳文章内容要点，整合零散信息，使之条理化、明朗化、简单化和形象化。

（二）解题技巧
1. 明确任务
由于题目要求形式多样，同一篇阅读材料要求考生完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。

2. 紧扣原文
在原文中找出题干所包括的信息内容，这样就可以快速并准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。

【题型示例1】
（2016年东营卷，保留原题号）阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。

Every year，more than nine million people all over the
world come to visit London. They go to the museums and theatres；they look at interesting old buildings or have a drink in a park.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in the city is to take an underground train. The London underground is one of the best and most widely used transport networks （网状组织）in the world. The trains run all day and most of the night. （83）Youd better not take the underground between eight oclock and ten oclock in the morning，or four oclock and six oclock in the afternoon. （84）The trains are so crowded that you can hardly move or find a place to sit.
Londons famous red buses form a big part of getting around in London. Although the London underground is the fastest and the simplest way of getting around London，the buses play their part and are an experience you should try at least once. By sitting on the top deck （层）of the bus，you can get a great sightseeing （观光的）experience of London as well. Some special visitors buses take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey. It takes about one and a half hours，but you can cancel your journey and get off （and on again）at the different places you want to visit.
London taxis are called “black cabs”. Most of them are
black，but some are not. You can stop one if it has a “For Hire （供租用的）”sign on it. The drivers are friendly and helpful.
In a word，London is a big and beautiful city with lots to see and to do. Welcome to London.
A. 根据短文内容简要回答问题。

81. How many kinds of transportation can visitors use to get around in London？List them.
___________________________________
82. If you go to visit London，which two kinds of transportation are you going to choose？Why？
___________________________________
B. 将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。

83. _______________________________
84. _______________________________
C. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。

85. _______________________________
答案与简析：本文介绍了倍受游客喜欢的胜地――伦敦的交通情况，介绍了主要的交通工具：地铁、红色公交、旅游车及出租车的特点等。

答案如下：
81. They can use four kinds of transportation. They are underground trains，red buses，special visitors buses and taxis / black cabs.
82. Underground trains / An underground train. They are / It is a quick and easy way to get to different places in the city.
Red buses. By sitting on the top deck of the bus，you can get a great sightseeing experience of London.
Special visitors buses. You can cancel your journey and get off （and on again）at the different places you want to visit.
Taxis / Black cabs. The drivers are friendly and helpful.
（以上四种任选其二回答均可）
83. 在上午8：00～10：00和下午4：00～6：00这两个时间段，你最好不要乘坐地铁。

84. 地铁里边如此拥挤，你几乎无法移动，也找不到座位。

85. Traveling around London / Getting around London.
【题型示例2】
（2016年徐州卷，保留原题号）阅读短文，按要求回答问题。

In 1986，the Honda automotive company wanted to see if it could make a human-like robot，to help in home，play football，balance on one foot，and even dance. Over the years there were some problems but soon the researchers managed to get a robot named ASIMO. It could walk on uneven （不平坦的）surfaces，and move its center of gravity like we do to
climb stairs.
More recently，ASIMO was improved so it could turn round and run at six kilometers per hour，using its upper body to control movement.
ASIMO is designed to be friendly. It is hoped that robots like this could be used to help elderly people in their home. Honda are also using this technology to help people with disabilities. It can also push a cart （手推?）and open and close doors. ASIMO can even shake hands. It stands 120 centimeters tall，so that it can look into adult faces when they are sitting down. It can hold two kilos in its hands. It can even carry a tray without dropping the contents. So，where next for this kind of robot？Well，while ASIMO is attractive，it is still controlled by a human. Researchers in the USA are working on the robots that can learn about the world around them，and give a reply to human touch and voice. The robots are even learning to recognize （辨认）objects，people and vocabulary. Soon the descendants （后代）of these robots may be serving you drinks or helping with jobs at home and at work.
69. At what speed could ASIMO run after it was improved？
___________________________________
70. Can ASIMO make tea or push a cart？
___________________________________
71. Why is ASIMO designed to be 120 centimeters tall？
___________________________________
72. How many kilos can ASIMO hold in its hands？
___________________________________
73. Put the main ideas （A―D）in the order that the passage is arranged.
A. Users for ASIMO
B. What similar robots will be able to do in the future
C. Background and history of ASIMO
D. Recent improvements to ASIMO
______→______→______→______
答案与简析：本文介绍了机器人ASIMO的发展和用途。

它能在家里帮助老人，新一代机器人将会给我们端茶或帮忙做家务活以及工作上的事情。

答案如下：
69. It could run at six kilometers per / every / one / an / each hour. 或（At）Six kilometers per / every / one / an / each hour.
70. It can push a cart.
71. （Because / So that）it can look into adult faces when they are sitting down.
72. （It can hold）Two / 2 （kilos in its hands）.
73. C→D→A→B
【题型示例3】
（2016年聊城卷，保留原题号）阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。

Running away is a serious problem. There are lots of runaway and homeless kids living in the streets around the world.
孩子们为什么想离家出走呢？
Some kids run away because they have problems with their families.
Some kids run away because theyre afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society.
Some kids run away because there is violence （暴力）in the family.
Some kids run away because their parents divorce （离婚）or marry again.
Some kids run away because they have problems at school.
What will you do if your friend wants to run away from home？
If your friends is thinking about running away，tell him or her that it is difficult to survive （幸存）in the streets. Try to
help your friend feel less alone.
Whatever the problem is，there are other ways to solve it. Maybe you cant think of the ways right now，but an adult will know how to help you. You should tell an adult that your friend plans to run away as soon as possible. Being a real friend doesnt mean keeping a secret that may hurt someone. And running away isnt a solution （解?Q方法）for either of you. It only makes more problems and danger. 76. 将文中画线部分的汉语句子译成英语。

___________________________________
77. 回答问题：
Kids run away because of many reasons. How many reasons are connected with their schools？
___________________________________
78. 将文中画线部分的英语句子译成汉语。

___________________________________
79. 从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相同的句子。

If a secret may hurt someone，you shouldnt keep it even though youre someones real friend.
___________________________________
80. 回答问题：
What does the underlined word “It”in the last sentence
refer to （指的是）？
___________________________________
答案与简析：本文分析了孩子离家出走的原因和危害，同时对如何帮助想离家出走的孩子们提出了一些建议。

答案如下：
76. Why do kids want to run away from home？
77. Two.
78. 无论是什么问题，总有其他的办法来解决它。

79. Being a real friend doesnt mean keeping a secret that may hurt someone.
80. Running away.
四、阅读填词型
（一）考查形式
阅读填词型阅读理解一般是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，要求考生根据短文意思在每一空缺处分别填入一个适当的单词，有的省份为降低难度一般给出了首字母。

做这种试题，考生要根据所学的语言知识、生活常识以及篇章语意之间的逻辑关系，填入适当的单词，或根据英语单词的派生词或曲折变化规则填写所提供单词的正确形式。

这种任务型阅读主要考查词法、语法、句法和逻辑关系方面的知识。

词法的考查涉及动词、代词、名词、连词、冠
词、介词、形容词和副词等；语法项目则包括时态、语态、非谓语动词、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、并列句、形容词和副词的比较级等。

（二）解题技巧
1. 首先把握文义
阅读填词兼有阅读理解与完形填空两种题型的主要特点，做这类题目的关键是透彻理解文义，文章意思清楚了，才可能根据文义合理判断断层点的意义。

2. 反复琢磨，准确填写
在填词时，如给出了首字母，那么所填单词必须以规定字母开头；再者，所填单词必须符合文义和语法。

意义相符了，单词选准了，还要注意所填单词是否要进行词形变化，如：名词是否要用复数；形容词是否要用比较级；动词是否要进行时态变化等。

【题型示例】
（2016年武汉卷，保留原题号）先阅读短文，再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。

单词的第一个字母已给出。

Henry was a kind，good boy. His father was dead，and his mother was very poor. He had a little sister about 2 years old. He wanted to help his mother because she could not a 76 earn enough money to buy food for his little family.
One day a man gave him a dollar for r 77
the pocketbook which he had lost. Henry could have kept the pocketbook because no one saw him when he found it. But his mother had taught him to be h 78 ，and never to keep what did not belong to him. So he gave the pocketbook back to the man.
With the dollar he bought a box，three
b 79 ，and some shoe polish （鞋油）. He then went to the
c 80 of the street，an
d said to everyon
e whose boots did not look n 81 . “Polish your boots，please？”
He was so p 82 that gentlemen soon began to notice him，and to let him polish their boots. The first day he c 83 over 50 cents，which he gave to his mother to buy food with. When he gave her the money，she cried with joy and said，“You are a d 84 ，good boy，Henry. I didnt know how I could earn enough to buy bread，but now I think we can m 85 to get along quite well.”
Henry worked after school every day. He earned almost enough to support his mother and his little sister.
答案?c简析：文章介绍了一个男孩子挣钱养家的故事。

答案如下：
76. always。

亨利想帮母亲，因为他母亲挣的钱总是不够
花，修饰动词earn用副词always。

77. returning。

这里指亨利将钱包还给失主，for为介词，后接v-ing形式。

78. honest。

根据“So he gave the pocketbook back to the man.”可知，他把捡到的钱包归还给失主，因此他是诚实的，故此处填形容词honest。

句意为：但是他的母亲教他要诚实，不要拿不属于他的东西。

79. brushes。

根据“Polish your boots，please？”可知他要给路人擦鞋，应需要鞋刷，此处有数词three修饰，故用复数名词brushes。

80. corner。

根据文义可知，然后他去了街拐角。

81. nice。

然后他去了街拐角，对鞋子看起来不干净的人说：“您擦鞋吗？”由此可知，故此处填nice。

82. polite。

人们让他擦鞋，是因为他懂礼貌，此处应填形容词polite。

83. collected。

由下文可知，亨利给人擦鞋挣了钱，故填collected。

84. dear。

母亲称赞他是一个可爱的好孩子，故填dear。

85. manage。

manage to do sth.“设法做某事”，故此处为manage。

句意为：过去我不知道如何挣足够多的钱买面包，但是现在我们可以设法生活得很好。