高频开关电路原理_翻译

High-frequency switching power
supply circuit of high frequency switching power supply from the following components:first a main circuit from the exchange network input, DC output of the entire process, including : an import filter : its role is to network the clutter filtration, but also hindered the plane of the clutter feedback to the public grid. 2, rectifier and filter : direct AC power rectifier for smoother DC, for under a transformation. 3, the inverter : Rectifier the high frequency alternating current into direct current, high-frequency switching power supply is the core component of the higher frequency, size, weight and output ratio smaller. 4, and the rectifier output filter : Under load the need to provide stable and reliable DC power supply.
second, the control circuit while output from the sample, with the set standards, then controlled inverter, change its frequency or pulse width output achieve stability, on the other hand, according to test data provided by the circuit by circuit protection identification, Control circuit for the unit for various protection measures.
Third, in addition to providing detection circuit protection circuit is running various parameters, but also provide information display instruments.
Fourth, the auxiliary power supply circuit for the single power supply to the different requirements.
Switching regulator control principle
Switching Control Switching Regulators K principle to a certain time interval repeatedly connected and disconnected, connected to the switch K, Input voltage E and K through switching circuit filter to load RL, the entire switch connected, Power E to provide energy load; When K disconnect switch, the input power is interrupted E. energy delivery. This shows that the importation of power to provide energy load is intermittent, for the load can be provided for the energy, Switching power supply must be a set of storage devices, the switches will be connected to a part of the energy stored in the switch disconnected. Load to the release. Map from the inductance L, capacitance diode D and C2 components of the circuit, it is such a function. Inductor L for energy storage in switch disconnected, stored in the inductor L of energy release through diodes D to load, so that load is continuous and stable energy, diode D enable continuous load current, known as the continued flow diode. AB in the average voltage EAB can be given by : EAB=TON/T*E where TON connected to the switch each time, T-off switch for the cycle (that is, access time TON switch and turn-off time and TOFF''s). - We can see from the change switch connected to the work cycle time and the ratio of the voltage between the AB average change also, therefore, With the load and input supply voltage changes and automatically adjust TON T ratio, it will cause the output voltage V0 unchanged. Change the access time and cycle TON percentage change is the pulse duty cycle. This method, known as "time ratio control" (Time Ratio Control, for the initials TRC). TRC under control principle, there are three ways : 1. Pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, acronym for PWM) switching constant cycle by changing the pulse width to change the duty cycle approaches. 2, pulse frequency modulation (Pulse Frequency Modulation, acronym for the PFM) conduction pulse width constant by changing the switching frequency to change the duty cycle approaches. 3, mixed conduction modulation and pulse width switching frequency not
fixed are, they change the way It is more than two hybrid models.
SMPS developments and trends in the United States in 1955 Roje (GH.Roger) invention of the self-excited oscillation push redeem transistor single transformer DC converters, high-frequency conversion is the beginning of control circuit, 1957 United States investigation tournament (Jen Sen) since the invention of the push-pull double Flyback transformers, 1964 American scientists proposes to abolish the frequency transformer series switching power supply scenario, This power to the right size and weight of the decline was a fundamental way. To the 1969 high-power silicon transistor because the pressure increase diode reverse recovery time shortened, and other components improve, and finally turned into a 25 kHz switching power supply.
Currently, switching power supply to small, Light volume and the characteristics of high efficiency has been widely used in electronic computer-driven variety of terminal equipment, Communications equipment almost all electronic equipment, the electronic information industry indispensable to the rapid development of a power mode. Currently the market for sale in the switching power supply using bipolar transistors made of 100kHz. use made of 500kHz MOS power, though practical, but its frequency to be further enhanced. To improve the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce the switching loss, and to reduce the switching loss, you need to have high-speed switching devices. However, the switching speed, will be affected by the circuit inductance and capacitance diode or stored charge arising from the impact of the surge or noise. This will not only affect the surrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Among them, with the switch to prevent Kai-closed by the voltage surge, it is R-C or L-C Composite bumpers, and the storage charge by the diode current surge caused by the use made of amorphous cores such as magnetic bumper. However, the high frequency of 1 MHz and above, using resonant circuit, Switch to enable the voltage or current through the switch was a sine, which could reduce the switching loss, This can also control the surge occurred. Switches such as resonant mode switching. Currently such SMPS of very active, because this means no significant increase switching speed can theoretically put switching loss fall to zero. and the noise is small, is expected to become high-frequency switching power supply of one of the main ways. At present, many countries in the world are working on several trillion Hz converter practical research.
高频开关电源的电路原理
高频开关电源的电路由以下部分组成:
一、主电路
从交流电网输入，直流输出的全过程，包括:1、输入过
滤器:它的作用是网络的杂波过滤,并且阻碍公共输电网
的杂波反馈给平面。

2、整流器和过滤器:直接使用模拟
电源整流器获得稳定的直流电和可控的转变。

3、逆变器:
将高频交变电流变为直流的整流器，其中高频开关电源
是更高的频率、更小的尺寸、更少的重量和更小输出比
的核心组成部分。

4、整流器输出过滤器:控制需要的负
荷量以提供稳定、可靠的直流电源。

二、控制电路
一方面从输出端取样，经与设定标准进行比较，然后去
控制逆变器，改变其频率或脉宽，达到输出稳定，另一
方面根据测试电路提供的资料，经保护电路鉴别，提供
控制电路对整机进行各种保护措施。

三、此外提供保护电路、检测电路运行的各种参数,而且还提供
信息显示工具。

四、为单个电源提供辅助电源电路以满足不同要求。

开关控制稳压原理
开关K在一定时间间隔重复连接和断开。

在开关K接通时，输入电源E通过切换电路到供给负载RL。

在整个开关连接，电源E向负载提供能量，当开关K断开时、输入电源E就停止能量输出。

这说明,输入电源向负载提供的能量是间歇性的。

为了提供连续的能量给负载，开关稳压电源必须要有一套储能装置，当开关接通时将一部分能量储存起来，在开关断开时向负载释放。

图中电感L、电容C2和二极管D组成的电路,就有这样的功能。

电感L用以储存能量，在开关断开时，储存在电感L中的能量通过二极管D释放给负载，使负载得到连续而稳定的能量，因二极管D使负载电流不断，所以称为续流二极管。

在AB间的电压平均值EAB可以通过公式EAB = TON / T * E计算，式中TON为开关每次接通的时间，T为开关通断的工作周期(即开关接通时间TON和关断时间之和)。

由式可知，改变开关接通时间和工作周期的比例，AB间电压的平均值随之改变，因此，随着负载及输入电源电压的变化自动调整TON和T的比例便能使输出电压V0维持不变。

改变接通时间TON和工作周期比例亦即改变脉冲的占空比，这种方法称为“时间比率控制”(Time Ratio Control缩写为TRC)。

时间比率控制的原理，有三种方式:1，脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation, acronym缩写为PWM)开关周期恒定，通过改变脉冲宽度来改变占空比的方式。

2、脉冲频率调制(Pulse Frequency Modulation,缩写为PFM)
导通脉冲宽度恒定，通过改变开关工作平率来改变占空比的方式。

3、混合调制，导通脉冲宽度和开关工作平率均不固定，彼此都能改变的方式，它是以上二种方式的混合。

开关电源的发展和趋
SMPS在美国的发展及流行始于1955年。

Roje(GH.Roger)发明了自激振荡推进晶体管单变压器直流转换器。

高频转换是从1957年美国调查赛事上珍森发明了推拉双反激变
压器后开始使用电路控制。

1964年美国科学家提出了废除变频器系列开关电源的方案。

这种电源根本方式是获得合适尺寸和减少重量。

对于1969年的高功率硅晶体管最后变成了一个为25千赫开关电源因为压力升高二极管反向恢复时间缩短以及其他部件改善。

目前,开关电源倾向于体积小、重量轻、效率高。

效率高的特点已被广泛应用于电子计算机控制的多种终端设备和几乎所有电子通信设备以及电子信息产业的快速发展不可或缺的电源模式。

目前,市场销售的开关电源使用的是100kHz 双极晶体管，用来制造500kHzMOS电源。

虽然有实用性,但它的频率需要进一步提高。

为了提高开关频率，必须减少开关损耗；为了减少开关损耗,需要有高速开关设备。

然而,开关速度会受到电路电感和电容二极管或受到源自于波动或噪音的影响的储存电荷的影响。

这不仅会影响到周围
的电子设备,同时也大大降低了电源本身的可靠性。

其中,通过电压波动切换到不使开关Kai关闭。

这就是电阻-电容或电感-电容复合保险杠和用于制造如磁力缓冲器非晶核心造成的二极管电流冲击产生的储存电荷。

电流增兵因使用薄膜非晶型芯如磁性保险杠。

然而,在1兆赫兹或以上的高频使用谐振电路,使电压或电流通过转换是一个正弦的,这将有助于减少开关损耗,这也可以控制波动的发生。

开关如谐振模式开关。

目前SMPS非常活跃的,这意味着没有有效的增加整流速度从理论上使开关速度开关损耗降至0同时满足噪音小。

这将成为高频开关电源的主要发展方向。

目前,世界上许多国家正在进行了数兆赫兹转换器的实用研究。