威廉 莎士比亚

威廉莎士比亚（1564—1616）William Shakespeare(1564～1616）I. Brief Introduction(莎士比亚简介)Of all the famous English writers, probably the best known is William Shakespeare.He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on April the 23rd. His father was an important man in town so Shakespeare had a good upbringing. Shakespeare probably went to school (although no records survive to prove this) but not university. He got married when he was 18 to Anne Hathaway and the couple had 3 children.Shakespeare wrote 37/38 plays and 154 sonnets (a sonnet is a kind of poem). He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital and one in Stratford.He wrote sad stories called tragedies, like Romeo and Juliet, funny stories or comedies, romantic stories and stories about historical figures such as Julius Caesar.Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616, almost 400 years ago. But why is his work still popular today?His work looked at common human themes, such as betrayal, murder, lust, power, ambition and love. These themes are as much a part of humannature today as they were all those years ago and are the themes we see in modern soap operas and Hollywood films. Even though his theatre, The Globe, burned down in 1613 it was rebuilt in London in 1997 and you can still see his plays performed there today.Shakespeare's influence on the English language can still be felt today. We talk about "fair play", meaning honest behaviour but this phrase was first used by Shakespeare. He coined the phrase "you can have too much of a good thing". And it was Shakespeare who came up with the expression to disappear "into thin air" which we still use today when we lose something.Shakespeare's work has been translated into every major language in the world. And perhaps we'll still be as fascinated by his work 400 years from now as we've been for the last 400.Shakespeare is a great master of the English language. He used about 16,000 words. Many of his new coinages and turns of expressions have becomes everyday usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.II. Shakespeare's Complete Works(莎士比亚的作品)1. PLAYSAll's Well That Ends Well 皆大欢喜Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩屈拉As You Like It 终成眷属（如愿）Comedy of Errors 错中错（错误的喜剧）Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯Cymbeline 辛白林Hamlet 哈姆雷特（王子复仇记）Henry IV, Part I；Part II 亨利四世Henry V 亨利五世Henry VI, Part I；Part II；Part III亨利六世Henry VIII 亨利八世Julius Caesar 裘力斯凯撒King John 约翰王King Lear 李尔王Love's Labour's Lost 爱的徒劳（空爱一场）Macbeth 麦克白Measure for Measure 一报还一报（恶有恶报）Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们Midsummer Night's Dream 仲夏夜之梦Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非（无事自扰）Othello 奥赛罗Pericles 泰尔亲王佩力克尔斯Richard II 里查二世Richard III 里查三世Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记（驯悍妇）Tempest 暴风雨Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门Titus Andronicus 泰特斯安特洛尼克斯Troilus and Cressida 脱爱勒斯与克莱西达Twelfth Night 第十二夜Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士Winter's Tale 冬天的故事2. SONNETSSonnets 1-17Sonnets 18-126Sonnets 127-1543. POEMSLover's Complaint 爱人的怨诉（情人怨；情女怨）Passionate Pilgrim 热情的朝圣者Phoenix and the Turtle 凤凰和斑鸠Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝失贞记Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯III. Shakespeare and the Great Figures in Shakespeare's Works(莎士比亚及其笔下的人物)1. Shakespeare is considered to be a pseudonym of many writers by researchers for the excuse that a man who lived only 52 years (1564-1616) and who created 37 plays and 154 sonnets in only 22years.2. Portia is a woman of the Renaissance------beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous, and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespeare’s ideal women.3. Shylock, the Jewish usurer, symbolizes a person who is cruel and mean.A miser.4. Hamlet is a humanist, a man who loves good and hates evil, an intellectual genius, a man of melancholy, a man in tremendous hesitation. But Hamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick dreamer.5. Romeo and Juliet are images of true love, symbols of faithfulness.6. Falstaff in “Henry IV” is one of the most brilliant creations in Shakespeare’s plays. By origin he is a feudal knight. But now he has lost his estates and become an adventurer and parasite. He is fat, old, ugly, gross, and guilty of many sins. He is also selfish, treacherous and cynical. Tradition has it that Queen Elizabeth was so amused by Sir John Falstaffin “Henry IV” that she ordered Shakespeare another play about him, and so Shakespeare wrote his comedy “The Merry Wives of Windsor”IV. Something More about Shakespeare(莎士比亚杂谈)1．莎学:就像中国的《红楼梦》有红学一样，莎士比亚有莎学。