《数学专业英语》常用英文表达
数学专业英语词汇英汉对照
1 概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表A absolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值B balanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验C calculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计D data 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.（degree of freedom）自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计E eaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值F factor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数G gamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组H harmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验I independence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代K kernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度L large sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数M main effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation（MSD）均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析N negative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数O one-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值P paired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Q qadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数R random 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验S sample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述T table 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验U unbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布V value of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量W weight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的Z Z score Z分数2. 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表A active constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子B bandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界C coefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合D data-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续E eigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的F feasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶G Gauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem 目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵I independent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代J Jacobian 雅可比矩阵L Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解M medium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的N nonlinear 非线性的norm 范数O objective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统P parameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method多项式插值法Q quadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划R real-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性S scalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method序列二次规划法simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵T termination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepest descent 最速下降法transpose 转置U unconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统V variable 变量vector 矢量W weighting matrix 加权矩阵3 样条词汇英汉对照表A approximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条B bivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点C coefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve 曲线D degree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数E end conditions 约束条件I input argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间K knot/knots 节点L least-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合M multiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数O optional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数P point/points 数据点R rational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）S scalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条T tolerance 允许精度U univariate function 一元函数V vector 向量W weight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表A absolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格B boundary condition 边界条件C contour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系D decomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditionsDirichlet边界条件E eigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解G generalized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面H hyperbolic 双曲线的I initial mesh 初始网格J jiggle 微调L Lagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环M machine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件N Neuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量P Parabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson's equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Q quality 质量R refined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数S singular 奇异的。
数学专业英语
举一个简单的例子，当常微分方程满足f‟(x) = f(x) 的关系时，最特殊的情况是指数函数 f(x) = ex
We shall see presently that every solution of (9.1) f‟(x) = f(x) must be of the form f(x) = Cex , where C may be any constant.
The study of differential equations is one part of mathematics that, perhaps more than any other , has been directly inspired by mechanics, astronomy, and mathematical physics .Its history began in the 17th century when Newton, Leibniz, and the Bernoullis solved some simple differential equations arising from problems in geometry and mechanics .
displacement Bernoulli
n.位移
n. (人名) 伯努利
The Bernoullis 伯努利(家族) mathematical physics 数学物理
A large variety of scientific problems arise in which one tries to determine something from its rate of change.
这些方程叫做微分方程，他们的研究方式 是最难的数学分ations are classified under two main headings: ordinary and partial, depending on whether the unknown is a function of just one variable or of two or more variables. classified 分类 variable 变量
数学专业英语词汇
数学专业英语词汇相信自己比依赖别人重要。
用尽心机不如静心做事数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算calculation 算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand 加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符operator 平均数mean 算术平均数arithmatic mean 几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal) x的倒数为1/x 有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number 虚数 imaginary number 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式 monomial 多项式polynomial, multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root sqrt(2)=1.414 sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236 常量 constant 变量 variable 坐标系 coordinates 坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate 纵坐标 y-coordinate 原点origin 象限quadrant 截距(有正负之分)intercede (方程的)解solution 几何geometry 点 point 线 line 面 plane 体 solid 线段 segment 射线 radial 平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian锐角 acute angle 直角 right angle 钝角 obtuse angle 平角 straight angle 周角perigon 底 base 边 side 高 height 三角形 triangle 锐角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角边 leg 边 hypotenuse 勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle 四边形 quadrilateral 平行四边形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 长 length 宽 width 周长 perimeter 面积 area 相似 similar 全等 congruent 三角trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant集合aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集union 补集 complement 映射 mapping 函数 function 定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range 单调性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性periodicity 图象 image 数列，级数 series 微积分 calculus 微分differential 导数 derivative 极限 limit 无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal 积分 integral 定积分 definite integral 不定积分indefinite integral 复数 complex number 矩阵 matrix 行列式 determinant 圆 circle 圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径 radius 直径 diameter 圆周率 pi 弧 arc 半圆 semicircle 扇形 sector 环 ring 椭圆 ellipse 圆周 circumference 轨迹 locus, loca(pl.) 平行六面体parallelepiped 立方体 cube 七面体 heptahedron 八面体 octahedron 九面体enneahedron 十面体 decahedron 十一面体 hendecahedron 十二面体dodecahedron 二十面体 icosahedron 多面体 polyhedron 旋转 rotation 轴axis 球 sphere 半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface 表面积 surface area 体积 volume 空间 space 双曲线 hyperbola 抛物线 parabola 四面体 tetrahedron 五面体 pentahedron 六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon 六边形 hexagon 七边形 heptagon 八边形 octagon 九边形 enneagon 十边形 decagon 十一边形 hendecagon 十二边形dodecagon 多边形 polygon 正多边形 equilateral polygon 相位 phase 周期period 振幅 amplitude 内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 内切圆 inscribed circle 外切圆 circumcircle 统计 statistics 平均数average 加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance 标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion 百分比 percent 百分点 percentage 百分位数 percentile 排列 permutation 组合 combination 概率，或然率 probability 分布 distribution 正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution 图表 graph 条形统计图 bar graph 柱形统计图 histogram 折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram 扇形统计图 pie diagram abscissa 横坐标 absolute value 绝对值 acute angle 锐角 adjacent angle 邻角 addition 加 algebra 代数 altitude 高 angle bisector 角平分线 arc 弧 area 面积 arithmetic mean 算术平均值(总和除以总数) arithmetic progression 等差数列(等差级数) arm 直角三角形的股 at 总计(乘法) average 平均值 base 底 be contained in 位于...上 bisect 平分center 圆心 chord 弦 circle 圆形 circumference 圆周长 circumscribe 外切，外接 clockwise 顺时针方向 closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合 common divisor 公约数，公因子 common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角(二角和为90度) composite number 合数(可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除) concentric circle 同心圆 cone 圆锥(体积,1/3*pi*r*r*h) congruent 全等的 consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的 cost 成本 counterclockwise 逆时针方向 cube 1.立方数 2.立方体(体积,a*a*a 表面积,6*a*a) cylinder 圆柱体 decagon 十边形 decimal 小数 decimal point 小数点 decreased 减少 decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了 degree 角度 define 1.定义 2.化简 denominator 分母 denote 代表，表示 depreciation 折旧 distance 距离 distinct 不同的 dividend 1. 被除数 2.红利 divided evenly 被除数 divisible 可整除的 division 1.除 2.部分divisor 除数 down payment 预付款，定金 equation 方程 equilateral triangle 等边三角形 even number 偶数 expression 表达 exterior angle 外角face (立体图形的)某一面 factor 因子 fraction 1.分数 2.比例 geometric mean 几何平均值(N个数的乘积再开N次方) geometric progression 等比数列(等比级数) have left 剩余 height 高 hexagon 六边形 hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数 increase 增加 increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到 inscribe 内切，内接 intercept 截距 integer 整数 interest rate 利率in terms of... 用...表达 interior angle 内角 intersect 相交 irrational无理数 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值 leg 直角三角形的股 length 长 listprice 标价 margin 利润 mark up 涨价 mark down 降价 maximum 最大值 median, medium 中数(把数字按大小排列，若为奇数项，则中间那项就为中数，若为偶数项，则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。
数学专业词汇及翻译
数学专业词汇及翻译一、字母顺序表 (1)二、常用的数学英语表述 (7)三、代数英语（高端） (13)一、字母顺序表1、数学专业词汇Aabsolute value 绝对值 accept 接受 acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性 adjusted 调整的 alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析 arithmetic mean 算术平均值 association 相关性assumption 假设 assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的 band 带宽 bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布 between groups 组间的 bias 偏倚 binomial distribution 二项分布 binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算 case 个案 category 类别 center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数 coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性 column 列 compare 比较 comparison 对照 components 构成，分量compound 复合的 confidence interval 置信区间 consistency 一致性 constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量 control charts 控制图 correlation 相关 covariance 协方差 covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数 curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等 effects of interaction 交互效应 efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值F factor 因素，因子 factor analysis 因子分析 factor score 因子得分 factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值 fixed model 固定模型 fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值 heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设 hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本 index 指数 index of correlation 相关指数 interaction 交互作用 interclass correlation 组内相关 interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验 kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法 level 水平 level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数 likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数 logistic 逻辑的 lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计 mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差 mean sum of square 均方和 measure 衡量 media 中位数 M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型 mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程 multiple response 多响应 multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验 normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设 number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本 one-tailed test 单侧检验 one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制 order 排序order statistics 次序统计量 origin 原点orthogonal 正交的 outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计 partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数 partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关 power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析 proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数 probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的 Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图 quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制 quantitative 数量的，度量的 quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的 random number 随机数 random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量 randomization 随机化 range 极差rank 秩 rank correlation 秩相关 rank statistic 秩统计量 regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可*性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表 residual 残差 residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性 root mean square 标准差 row 行 run 游程run test 游程检验Sample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样 sampling inspection 抽样检验 scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验 significant 显著的，有效的 significant digits 有效数字 skewed distribution 偏态分布 skewness 偏度 small sample problem 小样本问题 smooth 平滑 sort 排序 soruces of variation 方差来源 space 空间 spread 扩展square 平方 standard deviation 标准离差 standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化 standardize 标准化 statistic 统计量 statistical quality control 统计质量控制 std. residual 标准残差 stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差 subsamples 次级样本 sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和 sum of squares 平方和 summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验 test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验 test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则 test statistics 检验统计量 testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换 treatment 处理 trimmed mean 截尾均值 true value 真值 t-test t检验 two-tailed test 双侧检验unbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性 uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值 variable 变量 variance 方差 variance components 方差分量 variance ratio 方差比 various 不同的 vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数2. 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束 active set method 活动集法 analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似 arbitrary 强制性的 argument 变量 attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method三次多项式插值法 curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向 discontinuous 不连续eigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的 feasible solution 可行解 finite-difference 有限差分 first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法 goal attainment problem 目标达到问题 gradient 梯度 gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄 Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Independent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆 invoke 激活 iteration 迭代 iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘 least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的 Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题 local solution 局部解M medium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomialinterpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的 norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的 quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值 residuals 残差 robust 稳健的 robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性S scalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法 simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式 sparsity structure 稀疏结构 starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和 symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息 termination tolerance 终止容限 the exit condition 退出条件 the method of steepest descent 最速下降法 transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的 under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量 vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵3 样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近 array 数组 a spline in b-form/b-spline b 样条 a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数 break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式 cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条 cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation 三次样条插值/三次样条内插 curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度 dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件input argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插 interval取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次 multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数 order 阶次 output argument 输出参数P point/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条 rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数 spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面 smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差 absolute tolerance 绝对容限 adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图 converge 收敛 coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的 decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann 边界条件 geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵 geometry matrix 几何矩阵 graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值 loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度 mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件 node point 节点 nonlinear solver 非线性求解器 normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的 partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变 plane stress 平面应力 Poisson's equation 泊松方程 polygon 多边形 positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限 relative tolerance 相对容限 residual 残差 residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的二、常用的数学英语表述1.Logicthere existfor allp?q p implies q / if p, then qp?q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax?A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AA?B A is contained in B / A is a subset of BA?B A contains B / B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA∪B A cup B / A join B / A union BA\B A minus B / the diference between A and BA×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1 x plus onex-1 x minus onex±1 x plus or minus onexy xy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx y x over y= the equals signx = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x≠5x (is) not equal to 5x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical wit h) yx > y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx < y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 10≤x≤1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx ?n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x over y all squaredn! n factorialx ^ x hatx ˉ x barx ?x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i4. Linear algebra‖ x ‖the norm (or modulus) of xOA →OA / vector OAOA ˉ OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA ?1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with r espect to xf'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to xf ? x 1the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x12 f ? x 1 2the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1∫ 0 ∞the i ntegral from zero to infinitylim?x→0 the limit as x approaches zerolim?x→0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelim?x→0 ?the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yln?y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than 小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width附：在一个分数里，分子或分母或两者均含有分数。
数学专业英语常用词汇-14页精选文档
数学专业英语词汇代数部分1. 有关数*算add，plus 加?subtract 减?difference 差??multiply, times 乘?product 积?divide 除?divisible 可被整除的?divided evenly被整除? dividend 被除数，红利?divisor 因子，除数?quotient 商?remainder余数??factorial 阶乘?power 乘方?radical sign, root sign 根号? round to四舍五入?to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集?proper subset 真子集?solution set 解集??3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项?like terms, similar terms同类项? numerical coefficient 数字系数? literal coefficient 字母系数?? inequality 不等式?triangle inequality 三角不等式?? range 值域??original equation 原方程? equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程?linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5?x?+6=22)?4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数?improper fraction 假分数?mixed number 带分数?vulgar fraction，common fraction 普通分数?simple fraction简分数?complex fraction繁分数?? numerator 分子?denominator 分母?(least) common denominator（最小）公分母?quarter 四分之一?decimal fraction 纯小数?infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数?tenths unit 十分位??5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值? weighted average 加权平均值? geometric mean 几何平均数? exponent 指数，幂?base 乘幂的底数,底边?cube 立方数，立方体?square root平方根?cube root 立方根??common logarithm 常用对数?digit 数字?constant 常数?variable 变量??inverse function反函数? complementary function 余函数? linear 一次的，线性的? factorization 因式分解?absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32?round off四舍五入 ?6.有关数论natural number 自然数?positive number 正数?negative number 负数?odd integer, odd number 奇数?even integer, even number 偶数? integer, whole number 整数?positive whole number 正整数? negative whole number 负整数?? consecutive number 连续整数?real number, rational number 实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数??inverse 倒数?composite number 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……?prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数 reciprocal 倒数??common divisor 公约数?multiple 倍数?(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数?? (prime) factor (质)因子?common factor 公因子??ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制? nonnegative 非负的??tens 十位? units 个位??mode众数?median 中数??common ratio 公比??7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列?geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列??approximate 近似?(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向? cardinal 基数?ordinal 序数?direct proportion 正比?distinct 不同的?estimation 估计，近似? parentheses 括号?proportion 比例?permutation 排列?combination 组合?table 表格?trigonometric function 三角函数? unit 单位,位?几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角? corresponding angle 同位角? vertical angle对顶角?central angle圆心角?interior angle 内角?exterior angle 外角? supplementary angles补角? complementary angle余角? adjacent angle 邻角?acute angle 锐角?obtuse angle 钝角?right angle 直角?round angle周角?straight angle 平角? included angle夹角??2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形? scalene triangle不等边三角形? isosceles triangle等腰三角形? right triangle 直角三角形? oblique 斜三角形?inscribed triangle 内接三角形??3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆?concentric circles 同心圆? quadrilateral四边形?pentagon 五边形?hexagon 六边形?heptagon 七边形?octagon 八边形?nonagon 九边形?decagon 十边形?polygon多边形?parallelogram 平行四边形? equilateral 等边形?plane 平面?square 正方形，平方?rectangle 长方形?regular polygon 正多边形? rhombus 菱形?trapezoid梯形??4.其它平面图形arc 弧?line, straight line 直线?line segment 线段?parallel lines 平行线?segment of a circle 弧形??5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数?rectangular solid 长方体?regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体? circular cylinder 圆柱体? cone圆锥?sphere 球体?solid 立体的??6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高?depth 深度?side 边长?circumference, perimeter 周长? radian弧度?surface area 表面积?volume 体积?arm 直角三角形的股?cross section 横截面?center of a circle 圆心?chord 弦?radius 半径?angle bisector 角平分线? diagonal 对角线?diameter 直径?edge 棱?face of a solid 立体的面? hypotenuse 斜边?included side夹边?leg三角形的直角边?median of a triangle 三角形的中线? base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边? midpoint 中点?endpoint 端点?vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点? tangent 切线的?transversal截线?intercept 截距??7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系? rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系? origin 原点?abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?number line 数轴? quadrant 象限?slope斜率?complex plane 复平面??8.其它plane geometry 平面几何? trigonometry 三角学?bisect 平分?circumscribe 外切?inscribe 内切?intersect相交?perpendicular 垂直? pythagorean theorem勾股定理? congruent 全等的?multilateral 多边的?1.单位类cent 美分?penny 一美分硬币 ?nickel 5美分硬币?dime 一角硬币?dozen 打（12个）?score 廿(20个)?Centigrade 摄氏?Fahrenheit 华氏?quart 夸脱?gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)? yard 码?meter 米?micron 微米?inch 英寸?foot 英尺?minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)? square measure 平方单位制?cubic meter 立方米?pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)??2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天)?common year 平年(365天)? depreciation 折旧?down payment 直接付款?discount 打折?margin 利润?profit 利润?interest 利息?simple interest 单利? compounded interest 复利? dividend 红利?decrease to 减少到?decrease by 减少了?increase to 增加到?increase by 增加了?denote 表示?list price 标价?markup 涨价?per capita 每人?ratio 比率?retail price 零售价?tie 打Chapter onefunction notation方程符号函数符号quadratic functions 二次函数quadratic equations 二次方程式二次等式chapter twoEquivalent algebraic expressions 等价代数表达式rational expression 有理式有理表达式horizontal and vertical translation of functions 函数的水平和垂直的平移reflections of functions 函数的倒映映射chapter threeExponential functions 指数函数exponential decay 指数式衰减exponent 指数properties of exponential functions 指数函数的特性chapter fourTrigonometry 三角学Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 倒数三角函数比Trigonometric functions 三角函数Discrete functions 离散函数数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend乘数 multiplicator积 product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio 正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数，幂 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset 交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range常量 constant变量 variable单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列，级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number虚数 imaginary number复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle 周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形 obtuse triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon 圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference 周长 perimeter面积 area轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron棱锥 pyramid棱柱 prism棱台 frustum of a prism 旋转 rotation轴 axis圆锥 cone圆柱 cylinder圆台 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差root-mean-square deviation,standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormal distribution 图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：：1、世事忙忙如水流，休将名利挂心头。
数学专业英语词汇（N）
数学专业英语词汇(N)n ary relation n元关系n ball n维球n cell n维胞腔n chromatic graph n色图n coboundary n上边缘n cocycle n上循环n connected space n连通空间n dimensional column vector n维列向量n dimensional euclidean space n维欧几里得空间n dimensional rectangular parallelepiped n维长方体n dimensional row vector n维行向量n dimensional simplex n单形n dimensional skeleton n维骨架n disk n维圆盘n element set n元集n fold extension n重扩张n gon n角n graph n图n homogeneous variety n齐次簇n person game n人对策n simplex n单形n sphere bundle n球丛n th member 第n项n th partial quotient 第n偏商n th power operation n次幂运算n th root n次根n th term 第n项n times continuously differentiable n次连续可微的n times continuously differentiable function n次连续可微函数n tuple n组n tuply connected domain n重连通域n universal bundle n通用丛nabla 倒三角算子nabla calculation 倒三角算子计算nabla operator 倒三角算子napier's logarithm 讷代对数natural boundary 自然边界natural boundary condition 自然边界条件natural coordinates 自然坐标natural equation 自然方程natural equivalence 自然等价natural exponential function 自然指数函数natural frequency 固有频率natural geometry 自然几何natural injection 自然单射natural isomorphism 自然等价natural language 自然语言natural logarithm 自然对数natural mapping 自然映射natural number 自然数natural oscillation 固有振荡natural sine 正弦真数natural transformation 自然变换naught 零necessary and sufficient conditions 必要充分的条件necessary and sufficient statistic 必要充分统计量necessary condition 必要条件necessity 必然性negation 否定negation sign 否定符号negation symbol 否定符号negative 负数negative angle 负角negative binomial distribution 负二项分布negative complex 负复形negative correlation 负相关negative definite form 负定型negative definite hermitian form 负定埃尔米特形式negative definite quadratic form 负定二次形式negative function 负函数negative number 负数negative operator 负算子negative parity 负电阻negative part 负部分negative particular proposition 否定特称命题negative proposition 否定命题negative rotation 反时针方向旋转negative semidefinite 半负定的negative semidefinite eigenvalue problem 半负定特盏问题negative semidefinite form 半负定型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次形式negative sign 负号negative skewness 负偏斜性negative variation 负变差negligible quantity 可除量neighborhood 邻域neighborhood base 邻域基neighborhood basis 邻域基neighborhood filter 邻域滤子neighborhood retract 邻域收缩核neighborhood space 邻域空间neighborhood system 邻域系neighborhood topology 邻域拓扑neighboring vertex 邻近项点nephroid 肾脏线nerve 神经nested intervals 区间套net 网net function 网格函数net of curves 曲线网net of lines 直线网network 网络network analysis 网络分析network flow problem 网络潦题network matrix 网络矩阵neumann boundary condition 诺伊曼边界条件neumann function 诺伊曼函数neumann problem 诺伊曼问题neumann series 诺伊曼级数neutral element 零元素neutral line 中线neutral plane 中性平面neutral point 中性点newton diagram 牛顿多边形newton formula 牛顿公式newton identities 牛顿恒等式newton interpolation polynomial 牛顿插值多项式newton method 牛顿法newton potential 牛顿位势newtonian mechanics 牛顿力学nice function 佳函数nil ideal 零理想nil radical 幂零根基nilalgebra 幂零代数nilpotency 幂零nilpotent 幂零nilpotent algebra 幂零代数nilpotent element 幂零元素nilpotent group 幂零群nilpotent ideal 幂零理想nilpotent matrix 幂零矩阵nilpotent radical 幂零根基nine point circle 九点圆nine point finite difference scheme 九点有限差分格式niveau line 等位线niveau surface 等位面nodal curve 结点曲线nodal line 交点线nodal point 节点node 节点node locus 结点轨迹node of a curve 曲线的结点noetherian category 诺特范畴noetherian object 诺特对象nomogram 算图nomographic 列线图的nomographic chart 算图nomography 图算法non additivity 非加性non archimedean geometry 非阿基米德几何non archimedean valuation 非阿基米德赋值non countable set 不可数集non critical point 非奇点non denumerable 不可数的non denumerable set 不可数集non developable ruled surface 非可展直纹曲面non enumerable set 不可数集non euclidean geometry 非欧几里得几何学non euclidean motion 非欧几里得运动non euclidean space 非欧几里得空间non euclidean translation 非欧几里得平移non euclidean trigonometry 非欧几里得三角学non homogeneity 非齐non homogeneous chain 非齐次马尔可夫链non homogeneous markov chain 非齐次马尔可夫链non isotropic plane 非迷向平面non linear 非线性的non negative semidefinite matrix 非负半正定阵non oriented graph 无向图non parametric test 无分布检验non pascalian geometry 非拍斯卡几何non ramified extension 非分歧扩张non rational function 无理分数non relativistic approximation 非相对性近似non reversibility 不可逆性non singular 非奇的non stationary random process 不平稳随机过程non steady state 不稳定状态non symmetric 非对称的non symmetry 非对称non zero sum game 非零和对策nonabsolutely convergent series 非绝对收敛级数nonagon 九边形nonassociate 非结合的nonassociative ring 非结合环nonbasic variable 非基本变量noncentral chi squre distribution 非中心分布noncentral f distribution 非中心f分布noncentral t distribution 非中心t分布noncentrality parameter 非中心参数nonclosed group 非闭群noncommutative group 非交换群noncommutative ring 非交换环noncommutative valuation 非交换赋值noncommuting operators 非交换算子noncomparable elements 非可比元素nondegeneracy 非退化nondegenerate collineation 非退化直射变换nondegenerate conic 非退化二次曲线nondegenerate critical point 非退化临界点nondegenerate distribution 非退化分布nondegenerate set 非退化集nondense set 疏集nondenumerability 不可数性nondeterministic automaton 不确定性自动机nondiagonal element 非对角元nondiscrete space 非离散空间nonexistence 不存在性nonfinite set 非有限集nonholonomic constraint 不完全约束nonhomogeneity 非齐性nonhomogeneous 非齐次的nonhomogeneous linear boundary value problem 非齐次线性边值问题nonhomogeneous linear differential equation 非齐次线性微分方程nonhomogeneous linear system of differential equations 非齐次线性微分方程组nonisotropic line 非迷向线nonlimiting ordinal 非极限序数nonlinear equation 非线性方程nonlinear functional analysis 非线性泛函分析nonlinear lattice dynamics 非线性点阵力学nonlinear operator 非线性算子nonlinear optimization 非线性最优化nonlinear oscillations 非线性振动nonlinear problem 非线性问题nonlinear programming 非线性最优化nonlinear restriction 非线性限制nonlinear system 非线性系统nonlinear trend 非线性瞧nonlinear vibration 非线性振动nonlinearity 非线性nonlogical axiom 非逻辑公理nonlogical constant 非逻辑常数nonmeager set 非贫集nonmeasurable set 不可测集nonnegative divisor 非负除数nonnegative number 非负数nonnumeric algorithm 非数值的算法nonorientable contour 不可定向周线nonorientable surface 不可定向的曲面nonorthogonal factor 非正交因子nonparametric confidence region 非参数置信区域nonparametric estimation 非参数估计nonparametric method 非参数法nonparametric test 非参数检定nonperfect set 非完备集nonperiodic 非周期的nonperiodical function 非周期函数nonplanar graph 非平面图形nonprincipal character 非重贞nonrandom sample 非随机样本nonrandomized test 非随机化检验nonrational function 非有理函数nonremovable discontinuity 非可去不连续点nonrepresentative sampling 非代表抽样nonresidue 非剩余nonsense correlation 产生错觉相关nonsingular bilinear form 非奇双线性型nonsingular curve 非奇曲线nonsingular linear transformation 非退化线性变换nonsingular matrix 非退化阵nonspecial group 非特殊群nonstable 不稳定的nonstable homotopy group 非稳定的同伦群nonstandard analysis 非标准分析nonstandard model 非标准模型nonstandard numbers 非标准数nonsymmetric relation 非对称关系nonsymmetry 非对称nontangential 不相切的nontrivial element 非平凡元素nontrivial solution 非平凡解nonuniform convergence 非一致收敛nonvoid proper subset 非空真子集nonvoid set 非空集nonzero vector 非零向量norm 范数norm axioms 范数公理norm form 范形式norm of a matrix 阵的范数norm of vector 向量的模norm preserving mapping 保范映射norm residue 范数剩余norm residue symbol 范数剩余符号norm topology 范拓朴normability 可模性normal 法线normal algorithm 正规算法normal basis theorem 正规基定理normal bundle 法丛normal chain 正规链normal cone 法锥面normal congruence 法汇normal coordinates 正规坐标normal correlation 正态相关normal curvature 法曲率normal curvature vector 法曲率向量normal curve 正规曲线normal density 正规密度normal derivative 法向导数normal dispersion 正常色散normal distribution 正态分布normal distribution function 正态分布函数normal equations 正规方程normal error model 正规误差模型normal extension 正规开拓normal family 正规族normal force 法向力normal form 标准型normal form problem 标准形问题normal form theorem 正规形式定理normal function 正规函数normal homomorphism 正规同态normal integral 正规积分normal linear operator 正规线性算子normal mapping 正规映射normal matrix 正规矩阵normal number 正规数normal operator 正规算子normal order 良序normal plane 法面normal polygon 正规多角形normal polynomial 正规多项式normal population 正态总体normal probability paper 正态概率纸normal process 高斯过程normal sequence 正规序列normal series 正规列normal set 良序集normal simplicial mapping 正规单形映射normal solvable operator 正规可解算子normal space 正规空间normal surface 法曲面normal tensor 正规张量normal to the surface 曲面的法线normal valuation 正规赋值normal variate 正常变量normal variety 正规簇normal vector 法向量normality 正规性normalization 标准化normalization theorem 正规化定理normalize 正规化normalized basis 正规化基normalized function 规范化函数normalized variate 正规化变量normalized vector 正规化向量normalizer 正规化子normalizing factor 正则化因数normed algebra 赋范代数normed linear space 赋范线性空间normed space 赋范线性空间northwest corner rule 北午角规则notation 记法notation free from bracket 无括号记号notation of backus 巴科斯记号notion 概念nought 零nowhere convergent sequence 无处收敛序列nowhere convergent series 无处收敛级数nowhere dense 无处稠密的nowhere dense set 无处稠密点集nowhere dense subset 无处稠密子集nuclear operator 核算子nuclear space 核空间nucleus of an integral equation 积分方程的核null 零null class 零类null divisor 零因子null ellipse 零椭圆null function 零函数null hypothesis 虚假设null line 零线null matrix 零矩阵null method 衡消法null plane 零面null point 零点null ray 零射线null relation 零关系null representation 零表示null sequence 零序列null set 空集null solution 零解null system 零系null transformation 零变换null vector 零向量nullity 退化阶数nullring 零环nullspace 零空间number 数number defined by cut 切断数number defined by the dedekind cut 切断数number field 数域number interval 数区间number line 数值轴number notation 数记法number of partitions 划分数number of repetitions 重复数number of replications 重复数number of sheets 叶数number sequence 数列number set 数集number system 数系number theory 数论number variable 数变量numeration 计算numerator 分子numeric representation of information 信息的数值表示numerical 数值的numerical algorithm 数值算法numerical axis 数值轴numerical calculation 数值计算numerical coding 数值编码numerical coefficient 数字系数numerical computation 数值计算numerical constant 数值常数numerical data 数值数据numerical determinant 数字行列式numerical differentiation 数值微分numerical equality 数值等式numerical equation 数字方程numerical error 数值误差numerical example 数值例numerical function 数值函数numerical inequality 数值不等式numerical integration 数值积分法numerical invariant 不变数numerical mathematics 数值数学numerical method 数值法numerical model 数值模型numerical operator 数字算子numerical quadrature 数值积分法numerical series 数值级数numerical solution 数值解numerical solution of linear equations 线性方程组的数值解法numerical stability 数值稳定性numerical table 数表numerical value 数值numerical value equation 数值方程nutation 章动。
数学英语专业术语词汇
数学英语专业术语词汇数学专业术语词汇代数部分1.有关数学运算add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数，divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入 increase 增加 reduce 减少3.有关代数式、方程和不等式value值equation 方程algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项satisfy 满足numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有关分数和小数fraction 分数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator （最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数percent 百分之5.基本数学概念average 平均数 maximum/ minimum number 最大/ 最小数 square 平方arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root 平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字 not more than 不大于less than 小于units’ digit个位数字 sum 和 represent 代表adjacent 相邻的 constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论number 数natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive integer 正整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数composite number 合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子 decimal system十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio 公比7.数列sequence 数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列consecutive 连续的8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion 、direct ratio正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位figure 图表几何部分1.所有的角corner 角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角 a supplementary angle补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形triangle三角形regular triangle 正三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形 icosagon 正二十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straight line 、beeline直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的octahedron 八面体6.有关图形上的附属物perimeter 周长area 面积altitude高depth深度side边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面centre of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距shaded region 阴影区7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直parallel 平行Pythagorean proposition勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的measure 度量其它1.单位类cent美分penny 一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)square measure平方单位制cubic meter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year)闰年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation 折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to 减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价。
数学专业英语词汇(部分)
数学专业英语词汇（部分）n ary relation n元关系n ball n维球n cell n维胞腔n chromatic graph n色图n coboundary n上边缘n cocycle n上循环n connected space n连通空间n dimensional column vector n维列向量n dimensional euclidean space n维欧几里得空间n dimensional rectangular parallelepiped n维长方体n dimensional row vector n维行向量n dimensional simplex n单形n dimensional skeleton n维骨架n disk n维圆盘n element set n元集n fold extension n重扩张n gon n角n graph n图n homogeneous variety n齐次簇n person game n人对策n simplex n单形n sphere bundle n球丛n th member 第n项n th partial quotient 第n偏商n th power operation n次幂运算n th root n次根n th term 第n项n times continuously differentiable n次连续可微的n times continuously differentiable function n次连续可微函数n tuple n组n tuply connected domain n重连通域n universal bundle n通用丛nabla 倒三角算子nabla calculation 倒三角算子计算nabla operator 倒三角算子napier's logarithm 讷代对数natural boundary 自然边界natural boundary condition 自然边界条件natural coordinates 自然坐标natural equation 自然方程natural equivalence 自然等价natural exponential function 自然指数函数natural frequency 固有频率natural geometry 自然几何natural injection 自然单射natural isomorphism 自然等价natural language 自然语言natural logarithm 自然对数natural mapping 自然映射natural number 自然数natural oscillation 固有振荡natural sine 正弦真数natural transformation 自然变换naught 零necessary and sufficient conditions 必要充分的条件necessary and sufficient statistic 必要充分统计量necessary condition 必要条件necessity 必然性negation 否定negation sign 否定符号negation symbol 否定符号negative 负数negative angle 负角negative binomial distribution 负二项分布negative complex 负复形negative correlation 负相关negative definite form 负定型negative definite hermitian form 负定埃尔米特形式negative definite quadratic form 负定二次形式negative function 负函数negative number 负数negative operator 负算子negative parity 负电阻negative part 负部分negative particular proposition 否定特称命题negative proposition 否定命题negative rotation 反时针方向旋转negative semidefinite 半负定的negative semidefinite eigenvalue problem 半负定特盏问题negative semidefinite form 半负定型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次形式negative sign 负号negative skewness 负偏斜性negative variation 负变差negligible quantity 可除量neighborhood 邻域neighborhood base 邻域基neighborhood basis 邻域基neighborhood filter 邻域滤子neighborhood retract 邻域收缩核neighborhood space 邻域空间neighborhood system 邻域系neighborhood topology 邻域拓扑neighboring vertex 邻近项点nephroid 肾脏线nerve 神经nested intervals 区间套net 网net function 网格函数net of curves 曲线网net of lines 直线网network 网络network analysis 网络分析network flow problem 网络潦题network matrix 网络矩阵neumann boundary condition 诺伊曼边界条件neumann function 诺伊曼函数neumann problem 诺伊曼问题neumann series 诺伊曼级数neutral element 零元素neutral line 中线neutral plane 中性平面neutral point 中性点newton diagram 牛顿多边形newton formula 牛顿公式newton identities 牛顿恒等式newton interpolation polynomial 牛顿插值多项式newton method 牛顿法newton potential 牛顿位势newtonian mechanics 牛顿力学nice function 佳函数nil ideal 零理想nil radical 幂零根基nilalgebra 幂零代数nilpotency 幂零nilpotent 幂零nilpotent algebra 幂零代数nilpotent element 幂零元素nilpotent group 幂零群nilpotent ideal 幂零理想nilpotent matrix 幂零矩阵nilpotent radical 幂零根基nine point circle 九点圆nine point finite difference scheme 九点有限差分格式niveau line 等位线niveau surface 等位面nodal curve 结点曲线nodal line 交点线nodal point 节点node 节点node locus 结点轨迹node of a curve 曲线的结点noetherian category 诺特范畴noetherian object 诺特对象nomogram 算图nomographic 列线图的nomographic chart 算图nomography 图算法non additivity 非加性non archimedean geometry 非阿基米德几何non archimedean valuation 非阿基米德赋值non countable set 不可数集non critical point 非奇点non denumerable 不可数的non denumerable set 不可数集non developable ruled surface 非可展直纹曲面non enumerable set 不可数集non euclidean geometry 非欧几里得几何学non euclidean motion 非欧几里得运动non euclidean space 非欧几里得空间non euclidean translation 非欧几里得平移non euclidean trigonometry 非欧几里得三角学non homogeneity 非齐non homogeneous chain 非齐次马尔可夫链non homogeneous markov chain 非齐次马尔可夫链non isotropic plane 非迷向平面non linear 非线性的non negative semidefinite matrix 非负半正定阵non oriented graph 无向图non parametric test 无分布检验non pascalian geometry 非拍斯卡几何non ramified extension 非分歧扩张non rational function 无理分数non relativistic approximation 非相对性近似non reversibility 不可逆性non singular 非奇的non stationary random process 不平稳随机过程non steady state 不稳定状态non symmetric 非对称的non symmetry 非对称non zero sum game 非零和对策nonabsolutely convergent series 非绝对收敛级数nonagon 九边形nonassociate 非结合的nonassociative ring 非结合环nonbasic variable 非基本变量noncentral chi squre distribution 非中心分布noncentral f distribution 非中心f分布noncentral t distribution 非中心t分布noncentrality parameter 非中心参数nonclosed group 非闭群noncommutative group 非交换群noncommutative ring 非交换环noncommutative valuation 非交换赋值noncommuting operators 非交换算子noncomparable elements 非可比元素nondegeneracy 非退化nondegenerate collineation 非退化直射变换nondegenerate conic 非退化二次曲线nondegenerate critical point 非退化临界点nondegenerate distribution 非退化分布nondegenerate set 非退化集nondense set 疏集nondenumerability 不可数性nondeterministic automaton 不确定性自动机nondiagonal element 非对角元nondiscrete space 非离散空间nonexistence 不存在性nonfinite set 非有限集nonholonomic constraint 不完全约束nonhomogeneity 非齐性nonhomogeneous 非齐次的nonhomogeneous linear boundary value problem 非齐次线性边值问题nonhomogeneous linear differential equation 非齐次线性微分方程nonhomogeneous linear system of differential equations 非齐次线性微分方程组nonisotropic line 非迷向线nonlimiting ordinal 非极限序数nonlinear equation 非线性方程nonlinear functional analysis 非线性泛函分析nonlinear lattice dynamics 非线性点阵力学nonlinear operator 非线性算子nonlinear optimization 非线性最优化nonlinear oscillations 非线性振动nonlinear problem 非线性问题nonlinear programming 非线性最优化nonlinear restriction 非线性限制nonlinear system 非线性系统nonlinear trend 非线性瞧nonlinear vibration 非线性振动nonlinearity 非线性nonlogical axiom 非逻辑公理nonlogical constant 非逻辑常数nonmeager set 非贫集nonmeasurable set 不可测集nonnegative divisor 非负除数nonnegative number 非负数nonnumeric algorithm 非数值的算法nonorientable contour 不可定向周线nonorientable surface 不可定向的曲面nonorthogonal factor 非正交因子nonparametric confidence region 非参数置信区域nonparametric estimation 非参数估计nonparametric method 非参数法nonparametric test 非参数检定nonperfect set 非完备集nonperiodic 非周期的nonperiodical function 非周期函数nonplanar graph 非平面图形nonprincipal character 非重贞nonrandom sample 非随机样本nonrandomized test 非随机化检验nonrational function 非有理函数nonremovable discontinuity 非可去不连续点nonrepresentative sampling 非代表抽样nonresidue 非剩余nonsense correlation 产生错觉相关nonsingular bilinear form 非奇双线性型nonsingular curve 非奇曲线nonsingular linear transformation 非退化线性变换nonsingular matrix 非退化阵nonspecial group 非特殊群nonstable 不稳定的nonstable homotopy group 非稳定的同伦群nonstandard analysis 非标准分析nonstandard model 非标准模型nonstandard numbers 非标准数nonsymmetric relation 非对称关系nonsymmetry 非对称nontangential 不相切的nontrivial element 非平凡元素nontrivial solution 非平凡解nonuniform convergence 非一致收敛nonvoid proper subset 非空真子集nonvoid set 非空集nonzero vector 非零向量norm 范数norm axioms 范数公理norm form 范形式norm of a matrix 阵的范数norm of vector 向量的模norm preserving mapping 保范映射norm residue 范数剩余norm residue symbol 范数剩余符号norm topology 范拓朴normability 可模性normal 法线normal algorithm 正规算法normal basis theorem 正规基定理normal bundle 法丛normal chain 正规链normal cone 法锥面normal congruence 法汇normal coordinates 正规坐标normal correlation 正态相关normal curvature 法曲率normal curvature vector 法曲率向量normal curve 正规曲线normal density 正规密度normal derivative 法向导数normal dispersion 正常色散normal distribution 正态分布normal distribution function 正态分布函数normal equations 正规方程normal error model 正规误差模型normal extension 正规开拓normal family 正规族normal force 法向力normal form 标准型normal form problem 标准形问题normal form theorem 正规形式定理normal function 正规函数normal homomorphism 正规同态normal integral 正规积分normal linear operator 正规线性算子normal mapping 正规映射normal matrix 正规矩阵normal number 正规数normal operator 正规算子normal order 良序normal plane 法面normal polygon 正规多角形normal polynomial 正规多项式normal population 正态总体normal probability paper 正态概率纸normal process 高斯过程normal sequence 正规序列normal series 正规列normal set 良序集normal simplicial mapping 正规单形映射normal solvable operator 正规可解算子normal space 正规空间normal surface 法曲面normal tensor 正规张量normal to the surface 曲面的法线normal valuation 正规赋值normal variate 正常变量normal variety 正规簇normal vector 法向量normality 正规性normalization 标准化normalization theorem 正规化定理normalize 正规化normalized basis 正规化基normalized function 规范化函数normalized variate 正规化变量normalized vector 正规化向量normalizer 正规化子normalizing factor 正则化因数normed algebra 赋范代数normed linear space 赋范线性空间normed space 赋范线性空间northwest corner rule 北午角规则notation 记法notation free from bracket 无括号记号notation of backus 巴科斯记号notion 概念nought 零nowhere convergent sequence 无处收敛序列nowhere convergent series 无处收敛级数nowhere dense 无处稠密的nowhere dense set 无处稠密点集nowhere dense subset 无处稠密子集nuclear operator 核算子nuclear space 核空间nucleus of an integral equation 积分方程的核null 零null class 零类null divisor 零因子null ellipse 零椭圆null function 零函数null hypothesis 虚假设null line 零线null matrix 零矩阵null method 衡消法null plane 零面null point 零点null ray 零射线null relation 零关系null representation 零表示null sequence 零序列null set 空集null solution 零解null system 零系null transformation 零变换null vector 零向量nullity 退化阶数nullring 零环nullspace 零空间number 数number defined by cut 切断数number defined by the dedekind cut 切断数number field 数域number interval 数区间number line 数值轴number notation 数记法number of partitions 划分数number of repetitions 重复数number of replications 重复数number of sheets 叶数number sequence 数列number set 数集number system 数系number theory 数论number variable 数变量numeration 计算numerator 分子numeric representation of information 信息的数值表示numerical 数值的numerical algorithm 数值算法numerical axis 数值轴numerical calculation 数值计算numerical coding 数值编码numerical coefficient 数字系数numerical computation 数值计算numerical constant 数值常数numerical data 数值数据numerical determinant 数字行列式numerical differentiation 数值微分numerical equality 数值等式numerical equation 数字方程numerical error 数值误差numerical example 数值例numerical function 数值函数numerical inequality 数值不等式numerical integration 数值积分法numerical invariant 不变数numerical mathematics 数值数学numerical method 数值法numerical model 数值模型numerical operator 数字算子numerical quadrature 数值积分法numerical series 数值级数numerical solution 数值解numerical solution of linear equations 线性方程组的数值解法numerical stability 数值稳定性numerical table 数表numerical value 数值numerical value equation 数值方程nutation 章动obelisk 方尖形object 对象object language 对象语言object variable 对象变数objective analysis 客观分析objective function 目标函数oblate ellipsoid 扁椭面oblate spheroid 扁椭面oblique angle 斜角oblique angled 斜角的oblique astroid 斜星形线oblique circular cone 斜圆锥oblique circular cylinder 斜圆柱oblique cone 斜圆锥oblique coordinate system 斜角坐标系oblique coordinates 斜角坐标oblique parallelepiped 斜六面体oblique prism 斜棱柱oblique pyramid 斜棱锥oblique strophoid 斜环诉oblique triangle 斜三角形observable 可观测的observable component 可观测分量observation 观测observation function 观测函数observational error 观测误差observer 观察器观测员obstruction 障碍obstruction cocycle 障碍闭上链obstruction theory 障碍理论obstruction to lifting f 提升的障碍obtuse 钝的obtuse angle 钝角obtuse triangle 钝角三角形octagon 八角形octahedral 八面体octahedral form 八面体形式octahedral group 八面体群octahedron 八面体octal digit 八进制数字octal notation 八进记数法octal system 八进制系octant 卦限octuple 八倍的odd 奇的odd dimensional space 奇维空间odd even check 奇偶校验odd function 奇函数odd number 奇数odd parity 负电阻odd permutation 奇置换oddness 奇数性omega consistent 相容性omega group 群one address 单地址one address instruction 单地址指令one digit 单位的one dimensional 一维的one dimensional boundary value problem 一维边值问题one dimensional differential equation 一维微分方程one dimensional integral 单积分one dimensional space 一维空间one figure 单位的one figure number 单位数one parameter 单参数的one parameter family of curves 曲线的单参数族one place number 单位数one place predicate calculus 一元谓词演算one point compactification 单点紧化one point set 退化集one point union 一点并one sample method 单样本法one sided 单侧的one sided continuity 单侧连续性one sided derivative 单边导数one sided differentiability 单侧可微性one sided limit 单侧极限one sided lower approximate limit 单侧下近似极限one sided surface 单侧曲面one sided test 单侧检验one sided upper approximate limit 单侧偏大近似极限one term 单项的one to many correspondence 一对多对应one to many mapping 一对多映射one to one 一对一的one to one correspondence 一一对应one to one mapping 一一映射one to one relation 一一关系one to one sequence 一一序列one valued 单值的one valued function 单值函数onevaluedness 单值性onto hpmpmprphism 满射同态onto mapping 满射open ball 开球open base 开底open cover 开覆盖open disk 开圆盘open interval 开区间open manifold 开廖open map 开映射open mapping theorem 开映射定理open neighborhood 开邻域open ordered set 开有序集open parallelepiped 开平行六面体open rectangular parallelepiped 开长方体open relation 开关系open segment 开线段open semicircle 开半圆open set 开集open sphere 开球open star 开星形open subprogram 开型子程序open subroutine 开型子程序open surface 开曲面operand 运算对象operating characteristic 运算特征operating system 控制系统operation 运算operation code 操纂operation of symmetric difference 对称差运算operational 运算的operational amplifler 运算放大器operational calculus 算子演算operational code 操纂operational research 运筹学operational unit 运算部件operations research 运筹学operator 算子operator algebra 算子代数operator automorphism 算子同构operator domain 算子域operator equation 算子方程operator function 算子函数operator homomorphism 算子同态operator isomorphism 算子同构operator method 符号法operator norm 算子范数operator of finite rank 有限秩算子operator set 算子域operator valued function 算子函数oppose 反对opposite 逆的opposite angles 对角opposite category 对偶范畴opposite sides 对边opposite sign 导号opposite vector 反向向量opposite vertex 对顶opposition 对立optimal 最佳的optimal control 最优控制optimal disjunctive normal form 最优析取范式optimal normal form 最优标准形optimal policy 最优策略optimal position 最优位置optimal process 最优过程optimal step size 最优步长optimal strategy 最优策略optimal trajectory 最优轨道optimal value function 最优值函数optimality 最优性optimality criterion 最优性判别optimality policy 最优策略optimality principle 最优性原理optimalization problem 最优化问题optimally useful direction 最优可用方向optimization 最优化optimization of scheduling 工序的最优化optimization problem 最优化问题optimum 最佳optimum conditions 最优条件optimum programming 最优规划optimum solution 最优解optimum strategy 最优策略optimum system 最佳系统optimum system control 最佳系统控制optimum value 最优值optional sampling 任意抽样optional selection 任意抽样orbit 轨道orbit curve 轨道曲线orbit determination 轨道计算orbit space 轨道空间orbital stability 轨道稳定性order 次数order bounded set 有序有界集order boundedness 有序有界性order code 指令码order complete set 有序完全集order continuous topology 有序连续的拓扑order convergence 有序收敛order function 序函数order homomorphic group 序同态群order homomorphic image 序同态象order homomorphism 序同态order homomorphism operator 序同态算子order interval 有序区间order isomorphic field 序同构域order isomorphic group 序同构群order of a differential equation 微分方程的阶order of a group 群的阶order of an infinitesimal 无穷小的阶order of approximation 逼近的阶order of branch point 支点的阶数order of contact 接触度order of convergence 收敛的阶order of infinities 无穷大的阶order of infinity 无穷大的阶order of magnitude 绝对值的阶order of polynomial 多项式的阶order of rational integral function 有理整函数的阶order of units 位数order of zero point 零点的阶order preserving correspondence 保序对应order preserving isomorphism 保序同构order register 指令寄存器order relation 序关系order simple group 序单群order statistic 顺序统计量order type 有序型ordered 有序的ordered chain complex 有序链复形ordered factor group 有序商群ordered field 有序域ordered group 有序群ordered linear space 有序线性空间ordered module 有序模ordered pair 序对ordered product 有序积ordered sample 有序样本ordered set 有序集ordered set bounded below 下有界有序集ordered simplex 有序单形ordered singular boundary 有序奇异边界ordered triplet 有序三个一组orderisomorphism 序同构orderpreserving relation 保序关系ordinal 序数ordinal number 序数ordinal number class 序数类ordinal number of the second class 第二类的序数ordinal product 序数积ordinal series 序数列ordinal type 有序型ordinary 导常的ordinary differential equation 常微分方程ordinary differential operator 常微分算子ordinary dirichlet series 狄利克雷级数ordinary integral element 寻常积分元素ordinary linear differential equation 线性常微分方程ordinary multiple point 寻常多重点ordinary point 单点ordinary singularity 寻常奇点ordinate 纵坐标ordinate axis 纵轴orient 定向orientability 可定向性orientable 可定向的orientable surface 可定向曲面orientation 定向orientation class 定向类orientation of surface 曲面的定向orientation of torsion 挠率的定向orientation preserving automorphism 保持定向自同构orientation preserving isomorphism 保持定向同构orientation preserving parameter transformation 保持定向参数变换orientation reversing 反转定向的oriented chain complex 有向链复形oriented circle 有向圆oriented contour 有向围道oriented element 有向元oriented homology group 有向同岛oriented intersection 有向交叉oriented line 有向直线oriented plane 有向平面oriented polygon 有向多角形oriented space 有向空间oriented sphere bundle 有向球丛oriented surface 有向曲面origin 坐标的原点origin of coordinates 坐标的原点original 初始的ortho pinacoid 正交平行双面orthocenter 垂心orthocentric 垂心的orthocentric quadrangle 垂心四边形orthocentric tetrahedron 垂心四面体orthocomplement 正交补orthogonal 直交的orthogonal axonometry 正轴测射影法orthogonal basis 正交基orthogonal circle 正交圆orthogonal complement 正交补orthogonal coordinate system 正交坐标系orthogonal coordinates 正交坐标orthogonal decomposition 正交分解orthogonal expansion 正交函数展开orthogonal functions 正交函数orthogonal groups 正交群orthogonal involution 正交对合orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal polynomial expansion 正交多项式展开orthogonal polynomials 正交多项式orthogonal projection 正射影orthogonal projector 正交射影算子orthogonal sequence 正交序列orthogonal series 正交级数orthogonal space 正交空间orthogonal square 正交方格orthogonal stochastic process 正交随机过程orthogonal subspaces 正交子空间orthogonal substitution 正交代换orthogonal sum 正交和orthogonal system 正交系orthogonal tests 独立检验orthogonal trajectory 正交轨线orthogonal transformation 正交变换orthogonal vectors 正交向量orthogonality 正交性orthogonality of columns 列正交性orthogonality of lines 行正交性orthogonality relation 正交关系orthogonality rows 行正交性orthogonalization procedure 正交化过程orthogonalization process 正交化过程orthogonally irreducible representation 正交不可约表示orthography 正投影法orthoheliotropism 直向阳性orthohexagonal 正六方的orthomorphism 正交射orthonormal 规格化正交的orthonormal basis 标准正交基orthonormal sequence 标准正交序列orthonormality 标准正交性orthonormalization 标准正交化orthonormalization process 标准正交化过程orthonormalized basis 标准正交化基orthopole 正交极orthotomy 面正交性oscillate 振动oscillating divergent series 振动发散级数oscillating infinite determinant 振动无穷行列式oscillating series 振荡级数oscillation 振动oscillation equation 振动方程oscillation function 振动函数oscillation of a function 函数的振幅oscillation theorem 振动定理oscillatory 振动的osculating circle 密切圆osculating cone 密切锥面osculating conic 密切二次曲线osculating curve 密切曲线osculating figure 密切图形osculating helix 密切螺旋线osculating parabola 密切抛物线osculating plane 密切平面osculating quadric 密切二次曲面osculating sphere 密切球面osculation 密切osculatory 密切的outdegree 出度outer 外部的outer automorphism 外自同构outer boundary 外边界outer capacity 外容量outer diameter 外径outer direct product 外直积outer lebesgue measure 勒贝格外测度outer measure 外测度outer point 外点outer product 外积outer semidirect product 外半直积output 输出output alphabet 输出字母表output device 输出装置output function 输出函数output quantity 输出量output signal 输出信号output state 输出状态output unit 输出设备outside 外部outward normal 外法线oval 卵形线oval surface 卵形曲面overconvergence 过度收敛overcrossing point 上交叉点overdetermined problem 超定问题overdetermined system 超定组overdetermined system of partial differential equations 偏微分方程的超定组overfield 扩张域overflow 溢出overidentification 过分识别overlap 交叠overlapping domains 交叠域overrelaxation 超松弛p adic algebra p进代数p adic fraction p进分数p adic integer p进整数p adic number p进数p adic representation p进表示p adic system p进法p adic valuation p进赋值pack 束pair 对paired comparison 成对比较法paired samples 成双样本pairing 配对pairwise 两两的pairwise independent events 互相独立事件paleogeometry 古几何学pantograph 比例画器放大器parabola 抛物线parabola of order n n阶抛物线parabolic coordinates 抛物线坐标parabolic curve 抛物曲线parabolic cusp 抛物尖点parabolic cylinder 抛物柱面parabolic cylinder function 抛物柱面函数parabolic differential equation 抛物型微分方程parabolic folium 抛物叶形线parabolic orbit 抛物线轨道parabolic point 抛物点parabolic regression 抛物回归parabolic segment 抛物线段parabolic spiral 抛物螺线parabolic type 抛物型parabolograph 抛物图形paraboloid 抛物面paraboloid of revolution 回转抛物面paraboloidal coordinates 抛物面坐标paracompact space 仿紧空间paradox 悖论paradoxical 荒谬的paradoxical set 不合理集合parallactic displacement 视差位移parallel 平行线parallel algorithm 并联算法parallel angle 平行角parallel axiom 平行公理parallel body 平行体parallel circle 平行圆parallel coordinates 平行坐标parallel curve 平行曲线parallel displacement 平行位移parallel edge 平行棱parallel line 平行线parallel operation 并行运算parallel plane 平面平行的parallel projection 平行射影parallel rule 平行直尺parallel shift 并行进位parallel slit 平行缝隙parallel slit domain 平行裂纹域parallel strip 平行带parallel subspace 平行子空间parallel surface 平行曲面parallel translation 并行进位parallelepiped 平行六面体parallelepipedal neighborhood 平行六面体邻域parallelism 平行parallelizability 可平行性parallelizable 可平行的parallelizable manifold 可平行廖parallelizable variety 可平行廖parallelogram 平行四边形parallelogram axiom 平行四边形公理parallelogram identity 平行四边形恒等式parallelogram law 平行四边形定律parallelogram of forces 力的平行四边形parallelotope 超平行体parallels of latitude 纬度线parameter 参数parameter curve 参数曲线parameter group 参数群parameter integral 参数积分parameter representation 参数表示parameter space 参数空间parameter variety 参数簇parametric curvature 参数曲率parametric curve 参数曲线parametric equation 参数方程parametric estimation 参数估计parametric hypothesis 参数假设parametric optimal solution 参数最优解parametric optimization 参数最优化parametric programming 参数规划parametric representation 参数表示parametric surface 参数曲面parametric test 参数检验parametric variable 参变数parametrics 参数学parametrix 拟基本解parametrization 参数化法parametron 变参数元件parastatistics 仲统计法paraxial 旁轴的paraxial rays 旁轴光线parent population 母体parenthesis 圈括弧parenthesize 引入括弧内parity 奇偶性parity check 奇偶校验parity digit 奇偶校验位parseval equality 帕谢互尔等式parted hyperboloid 双叶双曲面partial 部分的partial carry 部分进位partial confounding 部分混区partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial cross section 部分截面partial denominator 偏分母partial derivative 偏导数partial difference 偏差partial difference equation 偏差分方程partial difference quotient 偏差商partial differential 偏微分partial differential coefficient 偏导数partial differential equation 偏微分方程partial differential equation of elliptic type 椭圆型偏微分方程partial differential equation of first order 一阶偏微分方程partial differential equation of hyperbolic type 双曲型偏微分方程partial differential equation of mixed type 混合型偏微分方程partial differential equation of parabolic type 抛物型偏微分方程partial differential operator 偏微分算子partial differentiation 偏微分法partial fraction 部分分数partial fraction decomposition 部分分数展开partial fraction expansion 部分分数展开partial function 部分函数partial functor 部分函子partial graph 部分图partial linear differential equation 线性偏微分方程partial mapping 部分映射partial matrix 子阵partial numerator 偏分子partial ordering 偏序partial product 部分积partial rank correlation coefficient 偏等级相关系数partial recursive function 部分递归函数partial recursive scheme 部分递归格式partial regression 偏回归partial subgraph 部分子图partial sum 部分和partially adjoint operator 部分伴随算子partially computable function 部分可计算的函数partially differentiable function 可偏微函数partially isometric operator 部分等距算子partially ordered set 半序集partially ordered space 半序空间particular 特别的particular integral 特别积分particular solution 特解partition 分划partition function 分折函数partition of an integer 整数的分拆partition of unity 单位分解partition problem 划分问题partly well ordered set 半良序集pascal distribution 帕斯卡分布pascal hexagon 帕斯卡六边形pascal line 帕斯卡线pascal triangle 帕斯卡三角形passive 被动的path 道路path component 道路连通区path connected space 道路连通空间path matrix 道路矩阵path of a projectile 弹道path of integration 积分路线path space 道路空间pathological function 病态函数pattern 图形pauli matrices 泡利阵payoff 支付payoff function 支付函数payoff matrix 支付阵peak 峰pearson distribution 皮尔逊分布pedal 垂足线pedal circle 垂足圆pedal curve 垂足线pedal surface 垂足曲面pedal transformation 垂足变换pedal triangle 垂足三角形peirce decomposition 皮尔斯分解penalty function 罚函数penalty method 补偿法pencil 束pencil of circles 圆束pencil of conics 二次曲线束pencil of curves 曲线束pencil of lines 线束pencil of parallel lines 平行线束pencil of planes 面束pencil of spheres 球束pendulum 摆pentad 拼五小组pentadecagon 十五边形pentagon 五角形pentagonal number 五角数pentagonal pyramid 五角锥pentagram 五角星pentahedron 五面体pentaspherical coordinates 五球坐标percent 百分率percent error 百分误差percentage 百分率percentile 百分位数perfect cube 完全立方perfect field 完全域perfect form 完全型perfect group 完全群perfect information 完全信息perfect magic square 完全幻方perfect mapping 完全映射perfect matching 全匹配perfect number 完全数perfect number of the second kind 第二类完全数perfect set 完备集perfect space 完全空间perfect square 完全平方perfectly normal space 完全正规空间perigon 周角perimeter 周围period 周期period matrix 周期矩阵period of a function 函数的周期period of oscillation 振荡的周期period relations 周期关系式period strip 周期带periodic 周期的periodic distribution 周期广义函数periodic element 周期元素periodic error 周期误差periodic function 周期函数periodic group 周期群periodic law 周期律periodic motion 周期运动periodic orbit 周期轨道periodic solution 周期解periodic system 周期系periodical decimal fraction 循环十进小数periodicity 周期性periodicity interval 周期性区间periodicity of function 函数的周期性periodogram 周期图periodogram analysis 周期图分析periodograph 周期图periodparallelogram 周期平行四边形peripheral 周边的peripheral device 外围设备peripheral unit 外围设备periphery 周边permanently convergent series 永久收敛级数permissible error 容许误差permissible function 容许函数permissible value 容许值permutation 置换。
《数学专业英语》常用英文表达
7
max, min maximum value, minimum value Eample: max f ( x) Maximum value of f(x)
max(a1 ,an ) Maximum value of the series
a1 to an Powers and roots Example: x 2 x squared
10
Function f
2 Example: f ( x ) ax bx c , a 0. The function of x
equals a times the square of x plus b times x plus c, where a is not equal to zero.
Imaginary number and two common irrational numbers
, ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter,approximate value 3.1415926
9
1 x i 1, e lim(1 ) x x
Example:
f ( x ) f double-prime x, f double-dashed x f ( x ) f triple-prime x, f triple-dashed x (4) f ( x ) f four x
8
xn x 1
Example:
3
x x
4 n
x x
fourth root (of) x
nth root (of) x
Example: 24 16 Two to the fourth power is sixteen
数学专业英语
数学专业英语Lesson 1Mathematics as a Language of Scienceassert vt. 断言；坚持主张；维护表明qualitative adj. 性质的；定性的quantitative adj. 量的；数量的；定量的；与数量有关的astronomy n. 天文学postulate n. 假定, 基本条件, 基本原理 vt. 要求, 假定 vi. 要求hypothetical adj. 假设的, 假定的,爱猜想的Lesson 2deduction n. 减除, 扣除, 减除额, 推论, 演绎induction n. 归纳；归纳法；归纳所得之结论verification n. 验证；证实correlate vt. 使相互关联 vi. 和...相关discard vt. 丢弃, 抛弃 v. 放弃discredit n. 不信任；失信consistent adj. 一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的inadequacy n. 不充分 ,不适当,不适合,不足额conic, conical adj 圆锥的；圆锥形的ellipse n. 椭圆, 椭圆形 ellipt (n.)hyperbolic adj. 双曲线的 hyperbola (n.)parabolic adj. 用寓言表达的: 抛物线的，像抛物线的 parabola (n.) algebraic adj. 代数的, 关于代数学的mineralogy n. 矿物学refraction n. 折光, 折射stimulus n. 刺激物, 促进因素, 刺激, 刺激impetus n. 冲力推动力；刺激Lesson 3Axioms, definitions and Theoremsaxiom n. [数]公理definition n. 阐明；确定定义；界说extravagant adj. 奢侈的, 浪费的, 过分的, 放纵的collinear adj. 在同一直线上的, 同线的convex adj. 凸出的；凸面的segment n. 部分；片段；节, 弓形；圆缺；弧形, 线段conswquently adv. 从而, 因此in terms of adv. 根据, 按照, 用...的话, 在...方面pretense n. 主张, 要求, 伪称, 借口, 自称Lesson 4Geometry and Geometrical termsterm n. 学期, 期限, 期间, 条款, 条件, 术语triangle n. [数]三角形, 三人一组, 三角关系parallelogram n. 平行四边形straight angle n. [数]平角right angle n. 直角acute angle n. 锐角obtuse angle n. 钝角reflex angle n. 优角rectilinear adj 直线的；由直线组成的；循直线进行的isosceles triangle n. 等腰三角形equilateral triangle n. 等边三角形right triangle n. 直角三角形obtuse triangle n. 钝角三角形acute triangle n. 锐角三角形equiangular triangle n. 正三角形,等角三角形hypotenuse n. （直角三角形的）斜边circle 圆center 中心；中央；圆心diameter n. 直径radius n. 半径, 范围, 辐射光线, 有效航程, 范围, 界限circumference n. 圆周, 周围Lesson 5The Method of Limitslimit n. 限度,极限,极点infinite adj. 无限的；无穷的infinitesimal adj. 无穷小的, 极小的, 无限小的calculus n. 微积分学, 结石exemplify vt. 例证, 例示, 作为...例子inscribe v. 记下polygon n. [数]多角形, 多边形diminish v. (使)减少, (使)变小curvilinear adj 曲线的, 由曲线组成的intuition n. 直觉, 直觉的知识integral n. [数学] 积分, 完整, 部分defective adj. 有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的differential coefficient 微分系数arithmetical adj. 算术的, 算术上的convergence n. 集中, 收敛criterion n. (批评判断的)标准, 准据, 规范sequence n. 次序, 顺序, 序列irrational numbers n. [数]无理数domain ，定义域contradiction 矛盾reversal n. 颠倒, 反转, 反向, 逆转, 撤销Lesson 6Functioncontinuous variable 连续变量;［连续变数］variation 变分, 变化interval 区间independent variable 自变量dependent variable 应变量rectangular coordinate 直角坐标abscissa n. 〈数〉横坐标ordinate n. [数]纵线, 纵座标gradient adj. 倾斜的n. 梯度, 倾斜度, 坡度slope n. 斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜 v. (使)顺斜Lesson 7Differential and Integral calculusdifferential adj. 微分的n. 微分 (differentiation)Integral n. [数学] 积分, 完整, 部分 (integration)calculus n. 微积分学, 结石interrelation n. 相互关系trigonometry n. 三角法exponential adj. 指数的, 幂数的logarithm n. [数] 对数derivative n. 导数；微商tangent n. 切线, [数]正切counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的adv. 反时针方向 (clockwise) definite integral 定积分approximation n. 接近, 走近, [数]近似值culminate v. 达到顶点mean n. 平均数, 中间, 中庸differential equation 微分方程extreme value n. 极值multiple integral 多重积分double integralline integralfunctional analysis 泛函分析Lesson 8 The Concept of Cardinal Number (I)cardinal number n. 基数（如： 1, 2, 3, ... 有别于序数）denumerable adj. 可数的aggregate n. 合计, 总计, 集合体adj. 合计的, 集合的, 聚合的v. 聚集, 集合, 合计purport n. 主旨 v. 声称fancier n. 空想家, 培育动物(或植物)的行家, 爱好者sniff v. 用力吸, 嗅, 闻到, 发觉, 轻视, 用力吸气n. 吸, 闻, 吸气声, 嗤之以鼻scheme n. 安排, 配置, 计划, 阴谋, 方案, 图解, 摘要v. 计划, 设计, 图谋, 策划, * n.（计算数学）方法，格式superior n. 长者, 高手, 上级adj. 较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的cumbersome adj. 讨厌的, 麻烦的, 笨重的instruction n. 指示, 用法说明(书), 教育, 指导, 指令drastically adv. 激烈地, 彻底地conservation 守衡律quadrature n. 求积, 求积分interpolation n. 插值extrapolation n. [数]外推法, 推断internal point 内点identical adj. 同一的, 同样的generalized solution 广义解functional 泛函hydrodynamics 流体力学，水动力学divergence 发散（性），梯度，发散量play an important (fundamental ... ) role 起着重要的（...）作用integro-interpolation method 积分插值法Variational method 变分方法comparatively adv. 比较地, 相当地deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足fictive adj. 虚构的, 想象上的, 虚伪的self-adjoint (nonself-adjoint) 自治的，自伴的，自共轭的finite element method 有限元法spline approximation 样条逼近Particles-in-the-Cell 网格质点法herald n. 使者, 传令官, 通报者, 先驱, 预兆vt. 预报, 宣布, 传达, 欢呼advection n. 水平对流phenomenological adj. 现象学的, 现象的fluctuation n. 波动, 起伏optimism n. 乐观, 乐观主义pessimism n. 悲观, 悲观主义unjustified adj 未被证明其正确的mean-square 均方dispersion n. [数] 离差, 差量Polynomial n adj. [数]多项式的interpolation 插值arithmetic n. 算术, 算法rounding errors 舍入误差multiple n. 倍数, 若干subjective adj. 主观的, 个人的objective adj. 客观的,outcome n. 结果, 成果pattern n. 样品toss v. 投, 掷exhaust vt. 用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽divisible adj. 可分的dice, die n. 骰子assign vt. 分配, 指派attach vt. 缚上, 系上, 贴上v. 配属, 隶属于pitfall n. 缺陷chairperson 主席mechanics n. (用作单数)机械学、力学, (用作复数)技巧, 结构statics n. [物]静力学dynamics n. 动力学adequately adv. 充分地celestial adj. 天上的macroscopic adj. 肉眼可见的, 巨观的classical field theory 经典场理论rigit adj. 刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的elastic adj. 弹性的plastic n. 可塑的,塑性的,塑料的quantum n. 量, 额, [物] 量子, 量子论inception n. 起初, 获得学位pertain v. 适合, 属于gravitation n. 地心吸力, 引力作用tide n. 潮, 潮汐, 潮流, 趋势monumental adj. 纪念碑的, 纪念物的, 不朽的, 非常的encompass v. 包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物ingredient n. 成分, 因素acquainted adj. 有知识的, 知晓的synonymous adj. 同义的configuration n. 构造, 结构, 配置, 外形reference n. 提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目inertia n. 惯性, 惯量attribute 特性momentum n. 动量proportional adj. 比例的, 成比例的, 相称的, 均衡的designate 指明negligible adj. 可以忽略的, 不予重视的projectile n. 射弹 adj. 发射的ballistics n. 弹道学, 发射学intractable adj. 难处理的{Mechanics of a Particlein consequence of adv. 由于的...缘故exert vt. 尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力v. 发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽galaxy n. 星系, 银河, 一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东furnish vt. 供应, 提供, 装备, 布置v. 供给torque n. 扭矩, 转矩moment 力矩的friction 摩擦dissipation n. 消散, 分散, 挥霍, 浪费, 消遣, 放荡, 狂饮infer v. 推断Hooke s Law and Its Consequenceselasticity n. 弹力, 弹性constitutive adj. 构成的, 制定的atomistic adj. 原子论的crack n. 裂缝, 噼啪声v. (使)破裂, 裂纹, (使)爆裂continuum mechanics n. 连续介质力学superposition n. 重叠, 重合, 叠合strain n. 过度的疲劳, 紧张, 张力, 应变vt. 扭伤, 损伤v. 拉紧, 扯紧, (使)紧张, 尽力thermodynamics n. [物] 热力学reckon vt. 计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想vi. 数, 计算, 估计, 依赖, 料想lesson 20strength 强度load 载荷empirical 以经验为依据的member 构件isolated 孤立的segment 部分、段、节stress 应力strain 应变tension 拉伸shear 剪切bend 弯曲torsion 扭转、扭力insofar 在……范围cohesive 内聚性的tensile 拉力、张力stiffness 硬度furnish 供给Lesson 23 Fluid Mechanicseruption 喷发、爆发turbulent 湍流laminar 层流isothermal 等温isotropic 各向同性prevalent 普遍的、流行的tornado 旋风、飓风eddy 旋涡viscosity 粘性、粘度nonviscous 无粘性的rotation 旋转adiabatic 绝热的reversible 可逆的isentropic 等熵的instant 瞬时的streamline 流线stream tube 流管tangential 切线的incompressible 不可压缩的resultant 合成的,组合的downstream 下游的,顺流的elbow 弯管,肘similitude 相似性hydraulic 水力的,水力学的predominante 占主导地位spillway (河或水坝的)放水道,泄洪道prototype 原型,样板Lesson 24 Mechanical Vibration repetitive 重复的,反复的periodic 周期的,定期的tidal 潮的,像潮的stationary 固定的,不动的vibratory 振动的,摆动的propagation 传播couple v .连接,连合acoustic 听觉的,声学的annoyance 烦恼,困惑adjacent 接近的,邻近的damp 阻尼,衰减restore 复职,归还neutral 平衡exciting force 激励力resonant adj. 共振的,谐振的stiffness 刚度,刚性proportionality 成比例地inclusion 包含,包括magnitude 数值,大小substantially adv. 实质上的perturb 干扰,扰乱resonance n. 共振vibratory adj. 振动的, 可知的perceptible 可见的,可知的adudible 听得见的,可闻的foregoing 前述的impulsive 冲击的shock 冲击Fourier series 傅里叶级数excitation 激发,激励discrete 分离,离散的contend with 向…作斗争compressor 压气机fatigue 疲劳perceptible 可见的,可知觉的shredder 切菜器disposal 处理urban 都市的metropolitan 大都市的at-grade 在同一水平面上elevated 高架的guideway 导轨Lesson 25 A prefect to the Continuum Mechanics preface 序言continuum连续 pl. continuua rigid body 刚体contemporary 当代的,同时期的widespread 分布广的, 普及的accommodate 容纳,使适应medium 介质plasticity 塑性residual 剩余的,残留的creep 蠕变,爬行,塑性变形aging 老化polymeric聚合(物)的sandy 沙的,沙质的aubterranean 地下的,隐藏的essence 精髓,本质thermodynamics 热力学self-similar 自相似expedient 方便的sonsolidate 把…联合为一体,统一justify 证明…有理radically 根本地,本质上deliberate 从容不迫的,深思熟虑Lesson 33 what is a computer Attribute v. 赋予medieval 中世纪的astronomer 天文学家Mars 火星resemble vt. 像,相似tedious adj. 冗长乏味的pulp 浆状物,果肉filter vt.过滤underlying adj. 潜在的, 基本的ore n. 矿沙,矿石perceive v. 察觉,看见intervention n. 干涉,插入intelligent adj. 有智力的,聪明的Lesson 34 A computer system manipulate vt. 操纵,使用chip n. 芯片etch vt. 蚀刻,蚀镂fingernail 指甲mount vt. 安装,安置assemble vt. 集合,聚集cabinet 橱柜execute vt. 执行,实现paycheck n.支付薪金的支票bar chart 直方图joystick 游戏杆encounter vt. 遇到,遇上Mathematical Modelingindustry n. 工业, 产业, 行业, 勤奋commerce n. 商业complexity n. 复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性career n. (原意:道路, 轨道)事业, 生涯, 速度outset n. 开端, 开始essence n. 基本, [哲]本质, 香精advocation n. (=advocacy)拥护支持provision n. 供应, (一批)供应品, 预备, 防备, 规定publicize v. 宣扬roundabout adj. 迂回的, 转弯抹角的n. 道路交叉处的环形路, 迂回路线, 兜圈子的话trial-error vt. n. 试制, 试生产maneuverability n. 可操作性, 机动性vehicle n. 交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段junction n. 连接, 接合, 交叉点, 汇合处ponder v. 沉思, 考虑contrive v. 发明, 设计, 图谋snooker n. (=snooker pool)彩色台球, 桌球context n. 上下文, 文章的前后关系deviation n. 背离数学专业英语－Groups and RingsDuring the present century modern abstract algebra has become more and more important as a tool for research not only in other branches of mathematics bu t even in other sciences .Many discoveries in abstract algebra itself have been made during the past years and the spirit of algebraic research has definitely t ended toward more abstraction and rigor so as to obtain a theory of greatest p ossible generality. In particular, the concepts of group ,ring,integral domain and field have been emphasized.The notion of an abstract group is fundamental in all sciences ,and it is certai nly proper to begin our subject with this concept. Commutative additive groupsare made into rings by assuming closure with respect to a second operation h aving some of the properties of ordinary multiplication. Integral domains and fi elds are rings restricted in special ways and may be fundamental concepts and their more elementary properties are the basis for modern algebra.GroupsDEFINITION A non-empty set G of elements a,b,…is said to form a group with respect to 0 if:I.G is closed with respect to 0II.The associative law holds in G, that isaо(bоc)=(aоb)оcfor every a, b, c of GⅢ. For every a and b of G there exist solutions χand Уin G of the equ ationsaοχ=b yοa=bA group is thus a system consisting of a set of elements and operation οwit h respect to which G forms a group. We shall generally designate the entire s ystem by the set G of its elements and shall call G a group. The notation use d for the operation is generally unimportant and may be taken in as convenien t a way as possible.DEFINITION A group G is called commutative or abelian ifaοb=bοaFor every a and b of G.An elementary physical example of an abelian group is a certain rotation grou p. We let G consist of the rotations of the spoke of a wheel through multiples of 90ºand aοb be the result of the rotation a followed by the rotation b. T he reader will easily verify that G forms a group with respect to οand that aοb=bοa. There is no loss of generality when restrict our attention to multipl icative groups, that is, write ab in stead of aοb.EQUIVALENCEIn any study of mathematical systems the concept of equivalence of systems of the same kind always arises. Equivalent systems are logically distinct but weusually can replace any one by any other in a mathematical discussion with no loss of generality. For groups this notion is given by the definition: let G an d G´be groups with respective operations o and o´,and let there be a1-1 corr espondenceS : a a´ (a in G and a´in G´)between G and G´such that(aοb)´=a´οb´for all a, b of G. then we call G and G´equivalent(or simply, isomorphic)grou ps.The relation of equivalence is an equivalence relation in the technical sense in the set of all groups. We again emphasize that while equivalent groups may be logically distinct they have identical properties.The groups G and G´of the above definition need not be distinct of course a nd o´may be o. when this is the case the self-equivalence S of G is called a n automorphism.I: a aOf G, but other automorphisms may also exist.RingsA ring is an additive abelian groupB such thatI.the set B is closed with respect to a second operation designated by multiplication; that is , every a and b of B define a unique element ab of B. II.multiplication is associative; that isa (bc) = (ab)cfor every a, b, c of B.Ⅲ. The distributive lawsa (b+c) = ab +ac (b+c) a=ba +cahold for every a, b, c of B.The concept of equivalence again arises. We shall writeB ≌B′to mean that B and B′are equivalent.VocabularyGroup 群rigor 严格ring 环 generalization 推广integral domain 整环Abelian group 阿贝尔群commutative additive group 可交换加法群 rotation 旋转automorphism 自同构数学专业英语－Historical introduction of CalculusThe Two Basic Concepts of CalculusThe remarkable progress that has been made in science and technology during the last century is due in large part to the development of mathematics. That branch of mathematics known as integral and differential calculus serves as a natural and powerful tool for attacking a variety of problems that arise in phys ics,engineering,chemistry,geology,biology, and other fields including,rather recentl y,some of the social sciences.To give the reader an idea of the many different types of problems that can b e treatedby the methods of calculus,we list here a few sample questions.With what speed should a rocket be fired upward so that it never returns to e arth? What is the radius of the smallest circular disk that can cover every isosceles triangle of a given perimeter Ｌ? What volume of material is removed fr om a solid sphere of radius 2 r if a hole of redius r is drilled through the ce nter? If a strain of bacteria grows at a rate proportional to the amount present and if the population doubles in one hour,by how much will it increase at th e end of two hours? If a ten-pound force stretches an elastic spring one inch,h ow much work is required to stretch the spring one foot?These examples,chosen from various fields,illustrate some of the technical quest ions that can be answered by more or less routine applications of calculus.Calculus is more than a technical tool－it is a collection of fascinating and ex eiting idea that have interested thinking men for centuries.These ideas have to do with speed,area,volume,rate of growth,continuity,tangent line,and otherconcept s from a varicty of fields.Calculus forces us to stop and think carefully about the meanings of these concepts. Another remarkable feature of the subject is it s unifying power.Most of these ideas can be formulated so that they revolve a round two rather specialized problems of a geometric nature.We turn now to a brief description of these problems.Consider a cruve C which lies above a horizontal base line such as that show n in Fig.1. We assume this curve has the property that every vertical line inter sects it once at most.The shaded portion of the figure consists of those pointe which lie below the curve C , above the horizontal base,and between two para llel vertical segments joining C to the base.The first fundamental problem of c alculus is this: To assign a number which measures the area of this shaded re gion.Consider next a line drawn tangent to the curve,as shown in Fig.1. The second fundamental problem may be stated as follows:To assign a number which me asures the steepness of this line.Basically,calculus has to do with the precise formulation and solution of these two special problems.It enables us to define the concepts of area and tangent l ine and to calculate the area of a given region or the steepness of a given an gent line. Integral calculus deals with the problem of area while differential cal culus deals with the problem of tangents.Historical BackgroundThe birth of integral calculus occurred more than 2000 years ago when the Gr eeks attempted to determine areas by a procees which they called the method of exhaustion.The essential ideas of this ,method are very simple and can be d escribed briefly as follows:Given a region whose area is to be determined,we inscribe in it a polygonal region which approximates the given region and whos e area we can easily compute.Then we choose another polygonal region which gives a better approximation,and we continue the process,taking polygons with more and more sides in an attempt to exhaust the given region.The method is illustrated for a scmicircular region in Fig.2. It was used successfully by Arch imedes(287－212 B.C.) to find exact formulas for the area of a circle and a fe w other special figures.The development of the method of exhaustion beyond the point to which Ar chimcdcs carried it had to wait nearly eighteen centuries until the use of algeb raic symbols and techniques became a standard part of mathematics. The eleme ntary algebra that is familiar to most high-school students today was completel y unknown in Archimedes’time,and it would have been next to impossible to extend his method to any general class of regions without some convenient w ay of expressing rather lengthy calculations in a compact and simpolified form.A slow but revolutionary change in the development of mathematical notations began in the 16th century A.D. The cumbersome system of Roman numerals was gradually displaced by the Hindu-Arabic characters used today,the symbol s “+”and “-”were introduced for the forst time,and the advantages of the decimal notation began to be recognized.During this same period,the brilliant su ccesse of the Italian mathematicians Tartaglia,Cardano and Ferrari in finding al gebraic solutions of cubic and quadratic equations stimulated a great deal of ac tivity in mathematics and encouraged the growth and acceptance of a new and superior algebraic language. With the wide spread introduction of well-chosen algebraic symbols,interest was revived in the ancient method of exhaustion an d a large number of fragmentary results were discovered in the 16 th century by such pioneers as Cavalieri, Toricelli, Roberval, Fermat, Pascal, and Wallis.Fig.2. The method of exhaustion applied to a semicircular region.Gradually the method of exhaustion was transformed into the subject now calle d integral calculus,a new and powerful discipline with a large variety of applic ations, not only to geometrical problems concerned with areas and volumes but also to jproblems in other sciences. This branch of mathematics, which retaine d some of the original features of the method of exhaustion,received its bigges t impetus in the 17 th century, largely due to the efforts of Isaac Newion (16 42—1727) and Gottfried Leibniz (1646—1716), and its development continued well into the 19 th century before the subject was put on a firm mathematical basis by such men as Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) and Bernhard Riem ann (1826-1866).Further refinements and extensions of the theory are still being carried o ut in contemporary mathematicsVocabularygeology 地质学decimal 小数，十进小数biology 生物学discipline 学科social sciences 社会科学 contemporary 现代的disk (disc) 圆盘bacteria 细菌isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 elastic 弹性的perimeter 周长 impetus 动力volume 体积 proportional to 与…成比例center 中心 inscribe 内接steepness 斜度 solid sphere 实心球method of exhaustion 穷举法 refinement 精炼，提炼polygon 多边形，多角形 cumbersome 笨重的，麻烦的polygonal 多角形fragmentary 碎片的，不完全的approximation 近似，逼近 background 背景学专业英语－How to Organize a paper (For Beginers)?The usual journal article is aimed at experts and near-experts, who are the peo ple most likely to read it. Your purpose should be say quickly what you have done is good, and why it works. Avoid lengthy summaries of known results, and minimize the preliminaries to the statements of your main results. There ar e many good ways of organizing a paper which can be learned by studying pa pers of the better expositors. The following suggestions describe a standard acc eptable style.Choose a title which helps the reader place in the body of mathematics. A use less title: Concerning some applications of a theorem of J. Doe. A. good titlecontains several well-known key words, e. g. Algebraic solutions of linear parti al differential equations. Make the title as informative as possible; but avoid re dundancy, and eschew the medieval practice of letting the title serve as an infl ated advertisement. A title of more than ten or twelve words is likely to be m iscopied, misquoted, distorted, and cursed.The first paragraph of the introduction should be comprehensible to any mathe matician, and it should pinpoint the location of the subject matter. The main p urpose of the introduction is to present a rough statement of the principal resul ts; include this statement as soon as it is feasible to do so, although it is som etimes well to set the stage with a preliminary paragraph. The remainder of th e introduction can discuss the connections with other results.It is sometimes useful to follow the introduction with a brief section that estab lishes notation and refers to standard sources for basic concepts and results. N ormally this section should be less than a page in length. Some authors weave this information unobtrusively into their introductions, avoiding thereby a dull section.The section following the introduction should contain the statement of one or more principal results. The rule that the statement of a theorem should precede its proof a triviality. A reader wants to know the objective of the paper, as well as the relevance of each section, as it is being read. In the case of a ma jor theorem whose proof is long, its statement can be followed by an outline of proof with references to subsequent sections for proofs of the various parts.Strive for proofs that are conceptual rather than computational. For an example of the difference, see A Mathematician’s Miscellany by J.E.Littlewood, in wh ich the contrast between barbaric and civilized proofs is beautifully and amusin gly portrayed. To achieve conceptual proofs, it is often helpful for an author t o adopt an initial attitude such as one would take when communicating mathe matics orally (as when walking with a friend). Decide how to state results wit h a minimum of symbols and how to express the ideas of the proof without c omputations. Then add to this framework the details needed to clinch the resul ts.Omit any computation which is routine (i.e. does not depend on unexpected tri cks). Merely indicate the starting point, describe the procedure, and state the o utcome.It is good research practice to analyze an argument by breaking it into a succe ssion of lemmas, each stated with maximum generality. It is usually bad practi ce to try to publish such an analysis, since it is likely to be long and unintere sting. The reader wants to see the path-not examine it with a microscope. A part of the argument is worth isolating as a lemma if it is used at least twice l ater on.The rudiments of grammar are important. The few lines written on the blackbo ard during an hour’s lecture are augmented by spoken commentary, and aat t he end of the day they are washed away by a merciful janitor. Since the publ ished paper will forever speak for its author without benefit of the cleansing s ponge, careful attention to sentence structure is worthwhile. Each author must develop a suitable individual style; a few general suggestions are nevertheless a ppropriate.The barbarism called the dangling participle has recently become more prevalen t, but not less loathsome. “Differentiating both sides with respect to x, the eq uation becomes---”is wrong, because “the equation”cannot be the subject th at does the differentiation. Write instead “differentiating both sides with respec t to x, we get the equation---,”or “Differentiation of both sides with respect to x leads to the equation---”Although the notion has gained some currency, it is absurd to claim that infor mal “we”has no proper place in mathematical exposition. Strict formality is appropriate in the statement of a theorem, and casual chatting should indeed b e banished from those parts of a paper which will be printed in italics. But fif teen consecutive pages of formality are altogether foreign to the spirit of the t wentieth century, and nearly all authors who try to sustain an impersonal digni fied text of such length succeed merely in erecting elaborate monuments to slu msiness.A sentence of the form “if P,Q”can be understood. However “if P,Q,R,S,T”is not so good, even if it can be deduced from the context that the third co mma is the one that serves the role of “then.”The reader is looking at the paper to learn something, not with a desire for mental calisthenics.Vocabularypreliminary 序,小引(名)开端的,最初的(形)eschew 避免medieval 中古的，中世纪的inflated 夸张的comprehensible 可领悟的，可了解的pinpoint 准确指出（位置）weave 插入，嵌入unobtrusivcly 无妨碍地triviality 平凡琐事barbarism 野蛮，未开化portray 写真，描写clinch 使终结rudiment 初步，基础commentary 注解，说明janitor 看守房屋者sponge 海绵dangling participle 不连结分词prevalent 流行的，盛行loathsome 可恶地absurd 荒谬的banish 排除sustain 维持，继续slumsiness 粗俗，笨拙monument 纪念碑calisthenics 柔软体操，健美体操notes1. 本课文选自美国数学会出版的小册子A mamual for authors of mathematical paper的一节，本文对准备投寄英文稿件的读者值得一读。
数学专业英语词汇（L）
数学专业英语词汇（L）l distribution l分布l function l函数l integral 勒贝格积分l measurable function 勒贝格可测函数l null set l零集l'hospital rule 洛必达规则labeled graph 标号图labile 不稳定的laboratory system of coordinates 实验室坐标系labyrinth 迷宫lacation principle 介值定理lacunarity 缺项性lacunary series 间隙级数lacunary space 缺项空间lag 延迟lag correlation 滞后相关lag correlation coefficient 滞后相关系数lag covariance 落后协方差lag of phase 相位滞后lag regression 落后回归lagrange bracket 拉格朗日括号lagrange equation of motion 拉格朗日运动方程lagrange interpolation formula 拉格朗日插置公式lagrange interpolation polynomial 拉格郎日插值多项式lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子lagrange problem 拉格朗日问题lagrange remainder term 拉格朗日剩余项lagrange residual term 拉格朗日剩余项lagrange theorem 拉格朗日定理lagrangian 拉格朗日算子thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计lagrangian function 拉格朗日算子lagrangian operator 拉格朗日算符laguerre differential equation 拉盖尔微分方程laguerre function 拉盖尔函数laguerre polynomial 拉盖尔多项式lambert series 兰伯特级数lame equation 拉梅方程lame function 拉梅函数laminar 薄层的laminar flow 层流片流landau symbol 兰道记号landen transformation 兰登变换language of formula 公式语言laplace beltrami operator 拉普拉斯贝尔特拉米算子laplace distribution 拉普拉斯分布laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展开laplace expansion theorem 拉普拉斯展开定理laplace integral 拉普拉斯积分laplace linear equation 拉普拉斯线性方程laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换laplacian 拉普拉斯算子laplacian equation 拉普拉斯方程large sample analysis 大样本分析large sample test 大样本检验last multiplier 最后乘子last term 末项latency 潜在latent 潜在的lateral 横的lateral area 侧面积lateral surface 侧面latin cube 拉丁立方latin rectangle 拉丁矩形latin square 拉丁方latitude 纬度lattice 格子;格lattice constant 点阵常数lattice design 格子设计lattice distribution 格分布lattice function 点阵函数lattice isomorphism 格同构lattice matrix 点阵矩阵lattice of sets 集格lattice operation 格运算lattice ordered group 格序群lattice point at the boundary 边界格点lattice theoretic 格论的lattice theory 格论latticehomomorphism 格同态latus rectum 通径laue's equations 劳卮方程laurent series 罗郎级数law 法则law of commutation 交换律law of composition 合成律law of cosines 余弦定律law of deduction 演绎定律law of double negation 双重否定律law of errors 误差律law of excluded middle 排中律law of exponentiation 指数定律law of inertia 惯性律law of iterated logarithm 迭对数定律law of large numbers 大数定律law of similarity transformation 相似变换律law of sines 正弦定律law of small numbers 小数定律law of tangents 正切定律laws of integral exponents 整指数定律leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 衷角线leading ideal 猪想leading term 知项leaf 叶least common denominator 最小公分母least common left multiple 左最小公倍数least common multiple 最小公倍数least common right multiple 右最小公倍数least significant digit 最小有效数字least squares approximation 最小二乘逼近least squares estimator 最小二乘估计量least upper bound 最小上界lebesgue area 勒贝格面积lebesgue decomposition 勒贝格分解lebesgue integrable 勒贝格可积的lebesgue integral 勒贝格积分lebesgue measurable 勒贝格可测的lebesgue measure 勒贝格测度lebesgue number 勒贝格数lebesgue space 勒贝格空间lebesgue stieltjes integral 勒贝格斯蒂尔吉斯积分left adjoint 左伴随的left adjoint homomorphism 左伴随同态left almost periodic function 左殆周期函数left alternative division ring 左交错可除环left alternative law 左交错律left alternative ring 左交错环left annihilator 左零化子left artinian ring 左阿廷环left associated element 左相伴元素left balanced functor 左平衡函子left closed object 在闭对象left completion 左完备化left continuous 左方连续的left continuous function 左连续函数left coset 左陪集left coset space 左傍系空间left derivative 左导数left derived functor 左导函子left differential 左微分left direct product 左直积left directed quasiorder 逆有向拟序left distributive 左分配的left distributive law 左分配律left divisor 左因子left end point 左端点left exact functor 左正合函子left exactness 左正合性left faithful functor 左一一的函子left hand differentiable function 左可微函数left hand lower dini derivative 左下狄尼导数left hand side 左边left hand symmetrizable kernel 左方可对称化核left hand upper dini derivative 左上狄尼导数left handed co ordinate system 左手坐标系left handed curve 左旋曲线left handed system 左手坐标系left hereditary ring 左遗传环left homotopy inverse 左同伦逆元left ideal 左理想left identity element 左幺元left injective dimension 左内射维数left inner product 左内积left invariant mean 左不变平均值left invariant measure 左不变测度left inverse 左逆的left inverse element 左逆元left inverse matrix 左逆阵left inverse operator 左逆算子left invertible element 左可逆元left invertible mapping 左可逆映射left isolated point 左孤立点left kernel 左核left length 左长left limit value 左极限值left linear topology 左线性拓扑left localization 左局部化left mean 左平均left module 左模left monotonicity 左单翟left multiplication ring 左乘环left noetherian semigroup 左诺特半群left non zerodivisor 左非零因子left operator 左算子left order 左整环left periodic group 左周期群left primitive ideal 左本原理想left primitive ring 左本原环left projective space 左射影空间left quasi inverse 左拟逆元left quasi regularity 左拟正则性left quasi simple ring 左拟单环left quasigroup 左拟群left quotient 左商left quotient field 左商域left quotient ring 左商环left radical 左根基left regular element 左正则元素left regular representation 左正则表示left regularity 左正则性left remainder 左剩余left representation 左表示left resolution 左分解left satellite 左卫星函子left semihereditary ring 左半遗传环left semilinear mapping 左半线性映射left side contiuous function 左连续函数left side derivative 左导数left side half open interval 左半开区间left side limit value 左极限值left sided decomposition 左分解left simple groupoid 左单广群left simple semigroup 左单半群left tensor product 左张量乘积left topology 左拓扑left translation 左平移left zero divisor 左零因子leg of a right triangle 直角三角形的侧边legendre function 勒让德函数legendre polynomial 勒让德多项式legendre relation 勒让德关系legendre symbol 勒让德记号legendre transform 勒让德变换leibniz series 莱布尼兹级数leibniz theorem 莱布尼兹定理lemma 引理lemniscate 双纽线lemniscate function 双纽线函数lemniscate of bernoulli 伯努利双纽线length 长度length of arc 弧长length of curve 曲线的长length of normal 法线的长length of queue 队列长度length of tangent 切线的长length of vector 向量的长length unit 长度单位lens 透镜lens space 透镜空间leptokurtic distribution 尖峰态分布less than or equal 小于或等于letter 文字level 水准level curve 阶层曲线level line 等高线level plane 水准面level surface 等位面lever 杠杆levi decomposition 列维分解levi problem 列维问题lexicographic 词典的lexicographic order 字典顺序liapunov function 李雅普诺夫函数library 厍library subroutine 库存子程序lie algebra 李代数lie continuous group 李连续群lie derivative 李导数lie group 李群lie homomorphism 李同态lie ring 李环lie series 李级数lie subring 李子环life insurance 寿命保险life table 死亡率表life time 生存时间lifting 提升lifting map 提升映射lifting theorem 提升定理like term 同类项likelihood 似然likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio 似然比likelihood ratio test 似然比值检验limacon of pascal 帕斯卡蚶线limes inferior 下极限limes superior 上极限limit 极限limit case 极限情况limit circle 极限圆limit circle type 极限圆型limit cycle 极限环limit distribution 极限分布limit element 极限元limit function 极限函数limit in the sense of pointwise convergence 点态收敛极限limit of efficiency 有效极限limit of error 误差限度limit of integration 积分极限limit of proportionality 比例极限limit on the left 左极限limit on the right 右极限limit ordinal number 极限序数limit point 极限点limit point type 极限点型limit relation 极限关系limit theorem 极限定理limit theorem in probability theory 概率论极限定理limit value 极限值limitation 限制limited 有界的limited function 有界函数limiting cone 极限锥limiting distribution 极限分布limiting point 极限点limiting position 极限位置limitless 无界的limits of integration 积分限line 线line at infinity 无穷远线line bundle 线丛line coordinates 线坐标line critical graph 线临界图line element 线素line graph 线图line integral 线积分line of curvature 曲率线line of discontinuity 不连续线line of horizon 水平线line of intersection 交线line of nodes 交点线line of steepest descent 最速下降线line of vector 向量线line segment 线段linear 线的linear acceleration 线性加速度linear algebra 线性代数linear approximation 线性近似linear approximation problem 线性逼近问题linear associative algebra 线性结合代数linear closure 线性闭包linear combination 线性组合linear convergence 线性收敛linear density 线密度linear dependence 线性关系linear difference equation 线性差分方程linear differential equation 线性微分方程linear differential equation with constant coefficients 常系数线性微分方程linear dimension 线性维数linear eigenvalue problem 线性特盏问题linear equation 线性方程linear extrapolation 线性外插linear form 线性形式linear fractional function 单应函数linear fractional transformation 线性分式变换linear function 线性函数linear functional 线性泛函linear genus 线性狂linear group 线性群linear homogeneous equation 线性齐次方程linear hull 线性闭包linear independence 线性无关linear integral equation 线性积分方程linear integral equation of the third kind 第三种线性积分方程linear interpolation 线性插值linear isomorphism 线性同构linear manifold 线性廖linear map 线性映射linear measure 线性测度linear operator 线性算子linear optimization 线性最优化linear optimization problem 线性最优化问题linear order 线性有序类linear orderedness 线性次序linear ordinary differential equation 线性常微分方程linear pencil 线性束linear programming 线性规划linear quotient optimization 线性商最优化linear regression 线性回归linear relationship 线性关系linear space 线性空间linear subspace 线性子空间linear subsystem 线性子系linear system 线性系linear system of curves 线性曲线系linear system of differential equations 线性微分方程系linear transformation 线性变换linear vector function 线性向量函数linear velocity 线速度linearity 线性linearization 线性化linearly dependent set 线性相关集linearly dependent system 线性相关集linearly independent set 线性无关系linearly independent system 线性无关系linearly ordered class 线性有序类linearly ordered set 线性有序集link group 连接群liouville number 刘维尔数liouville theorem 刘维尔定理lipschitz condition 李普希茨条件lipschitz constant 李普希茨常数lipschitz continuity 李普希茨连续性lipschitz continuous function 李普希茨连续函数lipschitz space 李普希茨空间listing knot 8字纽结liter 升literal constant 文字常数literal expression 文字式litre 升lituus 连锁螺线load 载荷load curve 载荷曲线lobachevski space 双曲空间lobachevskian geometry 双曲几何学local arcwise connectedness 局部弧连通性local base 局部基local betti group 局部贝蒂群local borel set 局部波莱尔集local class field theory 局部类域论local compactness 局部紧性local condition 局部条件local continuity 局部连续性local convergence 局部收敛local coordinate system 局部坐标系local degree 局部次数local degree of map 局部映射度local extremum 局部极值local group 局部群local isomorphism 局部同构local lie group 局部李群local limit theorem 局部极限定理local lipschitz condition 局部李普希茨条件local maximum 局部极大local minimum 局部极小local parameter 局部参数local property 局部性质local ring 局部环local ringed space 局部环式空间local uniformization 局部单值化local uniformizing 局部单值化localization 局部化localization principle 局部化原理localizing subcategory 局部化子范畴locally analytic function 局部解析函数locally arcwise connected space 局部弧连通空间locally bounded function 局部有界函数locally closed set 局部闭集locally compact mapping 局部紧映射locally compact space 局部紧空间locally connected continuum 局部连通连续统locally connected set 局部连通集locally connected space 局部连通空间locally constant function 局部常值函数locally constant sheaf 局部常数层locally contractible space 局部可缩空间locally convex algebra 局部凸代数locally convex space 局部凸空间locally convex topology 局部凸拓扑locally euclidean connection 局部欧几里得联通locally euclidean group 局部欧几里得群locally euclidean manifold 局部欧几里得廖locally euclidean space 局部欧几里得空间locally finite category 局部有限范畴locally finite complex 局部有限复形locally finite family of sets 局部有限集族locally finite graph 局部有限图locally finite sum 局部有限和locally flat 局部平坦的locally free sheaf 局部自由层locally homomorphic function 局部同态函数locally pathconnected space 局部道路连通空间locally regular confidence region 局部正则置信区域locally separable space 局部可分空间locally soluble group 局部可解群locally trivial embedding 局部平凡嵌入locally unbiased test 局部无偏检验locally uniformizing parameter 局部单值化参数locally uniformly convergent sequence 局部一致收敛序列locally zero function 局部零函数location 存储单元location parameter 位置参数location principle 介值locus 轨迹log curve 对数曲线log log paper 重对数坐标纸logarithm 对数logarithm table 对数表logarithm to the base 10 常用对数logarithm to the basese 讷代对数logarithmic 对数的logarithmic branchpoint 对数分歧点logarithmic convexity 对数凸性logarithmic coordinates 对数座标logarithmic curve 对数曲线logarithmic decrement 对数衰减logarithmic derivative 对数导数logarithmic distribution 对数分布logarithmic equation 对数方程logarithmic function 对数函数logarithmic integral 对数积分logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布logarithmic paper 对数坐标纸logarithmic potential 对数位势logarithmic residue 对数残数logarithmic scale 对数尺度logarithmic series 对数级数logarithmic singularity 对数奇点logarithmic slide rule 对数计算尺logarithmic spiral 对数螺线logarithmic table 对数表logic 逻辑logic calculus 逻辑学logic of pocket calculator 袖珍计算机的逻辑logic of relations 关系逻辑logic product 合取logic sum 析取logical 逻辑的logical circuit 逻辑电路logical comparison 逻辑比较logical diagram 逻辑图logical element 逻辑元件logical operation 逻辑运算logical paradox 逻辑悖论logical shift 逻辑移位logical symbol 逻辑符号logical variable 逻辑变量logically true proposition 逻辑地真命题logicism 逻辑皱logico mathematical model 逻辑数学模型logistic 暹辑斯谛logistic curve 逻辑斯谛曲线logistic system 形式系统lognormal distribution 对数正态分布longitude 经度longitudinal 经度的longitudinal axis 纵向轴loop 闭路loop of a curve 曲线的闭路loop space 圈空间lopology of the uniformity 一致拓扑lorentz group 洛伦茨群thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计lorentz transformation 洛伦茨变换loss 损失loss function 损失函数loss system 损失系统lot 一批lot tolerance fraction defective 批容许废品率low of cosines 余弦定律lower approximate limit 下近似极限lower bound 下界lower central series 降中心列lower class 下类lower control limit 下控制界限lower darboux integral 达布下积分lower darboux sum 达布下和lower density 下密度lower dini derivative 狄尼下导数lower envelope 下包络lower half plane 下半平面lower integral 下积分lower limit 下限lower limit of integration 积分的下极限lower measure 内测度lower order 低位lower pure value 下方值lower quartile 第一四分位数lower semi modular lattice 下半模格lower semicontinuity 下半连续性lower semicontinuous decomposition 下半连续分解lower semicontinuous function 下半连续函数lower semilattice 下半格lower sum 下和lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵lower value 下方值lower variation 负变差lowest common denominator 最小公分母lowest common multiple 最低公倍数lowest term 最低项loxodrome 斜驶曲线loxodromic matrix 斜驶矩阵loxodromic spiral 斜驶曲线loxodromic transformation 斜驶变换lozenge diagram 菱形图形lune 弓形。
数学专业常用英语词汇
Aa priori distribution 先验分布a priori probability 先验概率a summable a可和的abacus 算盘abbreviate 略abbreviation 简化abridge 略abridged notation 简算记号abscissa 横坐标abscissa of absolute convergence绝对收敛坐标abscissa of summability可和性坐标abscissa of uniform convergence一致收敛横坐标absolute 绝对形absolute address 绝对地址absolute class field 绝对类域absolute coding 绝对编码absolute cohomology 绝对上同调absolute conic 绝对二次曲线absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute curvature vector绝对曲率向量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute differential calculus绝对微分学absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes /extremum绝对极值absolute frequency/ geometry绝对频率/几何absolute inequality 绝对不等式absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute maximum /minimum绝对极大/小值absolute moment /neighborhood绝对矩/邻域absolute neighborhood retract绝对邻域收缩核absolute norm 绝对范数absolute number 不名数absolute parallelism 绝对平行性absolute quadric 绝对二次曲面absolute ramification index绝对分歧指数absolute rotation 绝对旋转absolute space 绝对空间absolute space time 绝对时空absolute term 常数项absolute unit 绝对单位absolute value 绝对值absolute value sign 绝对值符号absolute velocity 绝对速度absolutely continuous 绝对连续的absolutely continuous distribution 、function /measure/part绝对连续分布/函数/测度/部分absolutely continuous transformation绝对连续变换absolutely convergent 绝对收敛的absolutely convergent integral series绝对收敛积分/级数absolutely convex hull 绝对凸包absolutely discontinuous function 绝对不连续函数absolutely integrable 绝对可积的absolutely irreducible character/representation /variety绝对不可约特征/表示/簇absolutely normal number绝对范数absolutely prime ideal 绝对素理想absolutely unbiased estimator绝对无偏估计量absolutely unramified extension绝对非分歧扩张absorbing barrier/ set/ state吸收障碍/集/态absorption 吸收absorption coefficient/curve /factor/index/law/probability吸收系数/曲线/因数/指数/律/概率abstract 抽象的abstract algebra /mathematics抽象代数/数学abstract algebraic geometry抽象代数几何abstract category 抽象范畴abstract complex 抽象复形abstract group 抽象群abstract interval function抽象区间函数abstract number 不名数abstract ordered simplicial complex 抽象有序单纯复形abstract simplex 抽象单形abstract space 抽象空间abstraction 抽象abstraction operator 抽象算子absurd 谬论的absurdity 谬论accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration 加速度acceleration of convergence收敛性的加速acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceptable quality level合格质量水平acceptance 肯定acceptance inspection 接受检查acceptance limit /line/ number接受界限/线/数acceptance probability/ region /zone接受概率/区域/带access 存取accessibility 可达性accessible boundary point /point /set可达边界点/点/集accessible ordinal number可达序数accessible vertex 可达顶点accessory extremal 配连极值accidental 偶然的accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental error 随机误差accommodationaccumulated error 累积误差accumulating point 聚点accumulation 累积accumulation point 聚点accumulator 累加器存储器accuracy 准确性accuracy grade/rating准确度accuracy of measurement测量精确度acnod 孤点acount 计算action integral 酌积分action variable 酌变量active restriction 有效限制actual 真实的actual infinity 实无穷acute 尖锐的acute angle 锐角acute angled triangle; acute triangle锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的acyclic complex 非循环复形ad infinitum 无穷地adams circle 阿达姆斯圆adams extrapolation method阿达姆斯外插法adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapted basis 适应基add,plus 加added circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器addition 加法addition formulas 加法公式addition sign 加号addition system 加法系addition table 加法表addition theorem 加法定理addition theorem of probability概率的加法定理additional /additive加法的additional code 附加代码additional condition 附加条件additive category 加性范畴additive class 加性类additive functional 加性泛函数additive operator/process /relation加性算子/过程/关系additive separable 加法可分的additive theory of numbers 堆垒数论additivity 加法性address 地address part 地址部分address register 地址寄存器addressing 指定箱位adele 阿代尔adele group 阿代尔群adequate 适合的adherent point 触点adhesion 附着adjacency 邻接adjacency matrix 邻接矩阵adjacent angles/edge/side/ vertex邻角/棱/边/顶adjacent supplementary angles 邻角adjoint boundary value problem 伴随边值问题adjoint determinant 伴随行列式adjoint difference equation伴随差分方程(differential 微分)adjoint differential expression伴随微分式adjoint form/ function/ functor/group伴随形式/函数/函子/群adjoint graph 导出图adjoint linear map 伴随线性映射adjoint matrix 伴随阵(operator算子process过程representation表示space空间surface曲面system系)adjoint system of differential equations 微分方程的伴随系adjoint transformation 伴随算子adjoint vector 伴随向量adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjunction of an identity element 单位元的附加admissibility limit 容许界限admissible 容许的admissible category /chart容许范畴/容许图admissible control 可行控制admissible decision function/ rule容许判决函数admissible deformation容许形变(domain区域function函数homomorphism 同态,hypothesis假设lifting提升map 映射sequence序列space空间strategy策略subgroup子群test检定value值)affine algebraic set 仿射代数集(collineation直射变换connection联络curvature曲率)affine coordinates 平行坐标affine differential geometry仿射微分几何学affine distance 仿射距离affine group scheme 仿射群概型affine isothermal net 仿射等温网affine length /line /normal parameter仿射长度/直线/法线/参数affine principal curvature 仿射助率affinity 仿射变换affirmation 肯定affirmative proposition 肯定命题affix 附标after effect 后效酌aggregate 集aggregation 聚合agreement 一致air coordinates 空间坐标algebra 代数学algebra of events 事件场algebra of logic 逻辑代数algebra of tensors 张量代数algebra over k 环k上的代数algebraic 代数的algebraic adjunction 代数的附加algebraic branch point 代数分歧点algebraic calculus 代数计算algebraic closure 代数闭包algebraic closure operator代数闭包算子algebraic complement/cone代数余子式/锥algebraic correspondence 代数对应algebraic curve 代数曲线algebraic expression 代数式algebraic hull 代数包algebraic integer/irrational number 代数整数/无理数algebraic lie algebra 代数的李代数algebraic logic of pocket calculator 袖珍计算机的代数逻辑algebraic multiplicity 代数重度algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic singularity 代数奇点algebraic space 代数空间algebraic spiral 代数螺线algebraic structure 代数结构algebraic sum /system 代数和/系algebraically closed field 代数闭域algebraically equivalent 代数等价的algebraically dependent elements代数相关元(independent无关)algebraization 代数化algebro geometric 代数几何的algebroid function 代数体函数algebroidal function 代数体函数algorithm 算法algorithm of division 辗转相除法algorithm of euclid 欧几里得算法algorithm theory 算法论algorithmic language 算法语言algorithmization 算法化alignment chart 列线图aliquot part 整除部分alligation 混合法allocation problem 配置问题allowable 容许的allowable defects 容许靠allowable error 容许误差allowance 允许almost all 几乎处处almost certain convergence几乎必然收敛almost everywhere 几乎处处almost impossible event 殆不可能事件almost invariant set 殆不变集almost periodic function 殆周期函数alpha capacity 容量alpha limit set 极限集alphabetical 字母的alphanumeric 字母数字式alphanumeric representation ofinformation 信息的字母数字表示alternate angles 错角alternating chain 交错链alternating differential form外微分形式alternating differential of differential form 微分形式的交错微分alternating direction method交替方向法alternating form 交错形式alternating function 反对称函数alternating group 交错群alternating harmonic series莱布尼兹级数alternating matrix 交错矩阵alternating method 交错法alternating product 外积alternating sequence 交错序列alternating series 交错级数alternating series test交错级数检验alternating sum 交错和alternation 交错alternative 交错;择一alternative algebra /field交错代数/域alternative hypothesis 择一假设alternative normal form 析取范式alternative proposition 选言命题altitude 高度altitude theorem 高度定理amalgamated product 融合积amalgamation 合并ambiguous point 歧点amicable numbers 亲和数amount 量amplitude 振幅;角amplitude of a complex number复数角analog computer 模拟计算机analogous 类似的analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 类似analysis 数学分析analysis of time series时间序列分析analysis of variance 方差分析analytic 分析的analytic arc 解析弧analytic completion /continuation解析开拓analytic curve 解析曲线dynamics 分析动力学analytic expression 解析式analytic function 分析函数analytic function of several variables 多元解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何学analytic index 解析指数analytic manifold 解析廖analytic method 解析法analytic proposition 解析命题analytic set 解析集analytic space 解析空间analytical differential 解析微分analytical geometry 分析几何学analytical hierarchy 解析分层analytical mappinganalytical transformation全纯映射analytically representable function 解析可表示的函数ancillary statistic 辅助统计量angle 角angle at center 圆心角angle between chord and tangent弦和切线的角angle function 角函数angle of contingence 切线角angle of declination 俯角angle of inclination 斜角angle of intersection 相交角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angular 角的angular acceleration 角加速度angular coefficient 角系数angular coordinates 角坐标angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular domain 角域angular frequency 角频率angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角测度angular metric 角度量angular momentum 角动量angular velocity 角速度anharmonic ratio 交比annihilator /annulator 零化子annular 环annulus 圆环anomalous propagation 反常传播anomalous scattering 反常散射antecedent 前项anti reflexiveness 反自反性antianalytic function 反解析函数anticlockwise 逆时针的anticlockwise revolution/rotation逆时针回转antiderivative 不定积分的antiisomorphy 反同构antilinear 反线性的antilinear mapping 反线性映射antiparallel 逆平行的antiplane 反平面antipodal map 对映映射antipodal point 对映点antipodal set 对映集antipode 对映点antisymmetric 反对称的antisymmetric function 反对称函数antisymmetrical state 反对称态antitone mapping 反序映射antitonicity 反序性antitony 反序性antitrigonometric function反三角函数apex 顶点apex angle 顶角apical angle 顶角apolar 非极性的apolarity 从配极性apothem 边心距apparent error 貌似误差application 应用applied mathematics 应用数学applied mechanics 应用力学approach 接近approach infinity 接近无穷大approximability 可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate calculation 近似计算approximate continuity 近似连续性approximate differentiability近似可微性approximate integration 近似积分approximate limit 近似极限approximate number 近似数approximate partial derivative近似偏导函数(近似导数)approximate partial derived function approximate partial /total differential 近似偏/全微分approximate solution 近似解approximate total differentiability 近似全可微性approximate value 近似值approximately equal 近似等于approximation 逼近approximation calculus 近似计算approximation error 近似误差approximation function 逼近函数approximation theory 逼近理论arbitrarily small 任意小arbitrary 任意的arbitrary constant/element /parameter任意常数/元素/参数arbitrary small number 任意小数arc 弧arc component 弧分量arc cosecant 反余割arc hyperbolic function 反双曲函数arc length 弧长arc of a circle 圆弧arc set 弧集arc sine 逆正弦arc sine law 反正弦定律arc sine transformation 反正弦变换arc tangent 反正切arch 拱形archimedean 阿基米德性的archimedean group 阿基米德群archimedean semigroup阿基米德半群archimedean space 阿基米德空间archimedean total order ~ ~ 全序archimedean valuation ~ ~ 赋值archimedes axiom 阿基米德公理archimedes spiral 阿基米德螺线arcwise connected set 弧连通集arcwise connected space弧连通空间arcwise connectedness 弧连通性are 公亩area 面积area function 面积函数area of a circle 圆面积areal coordinates 重心坐标areal derivative 面积导数areal element 面积元素areal integral 面积分areal velocity 面积速度argand plane 复数平面argument 自变数;辐角argument function 辐角函数argument of a function函数的自变数argument principle 辐角原理argumentation 论证aristotelian logic亚里斯多德逻辑学arithmetic 算术arithmetic difference 算术差arithmetic division 算术除法arithmetic element 运算元素arithmetic expression 算术表达式arithmetic function 数论函数arithmetic genus 算术狂arithmetic geometric mean/ series算术几何平均/级数arithmetic mean 算术平均arithmetic number 正实数arithmetic of algebraic number fields 代数数域的数论arithmetic of algebras 代数的数论arithmetic of local fields局部域的数沦arithmetic operation算术操作算术运算arithmetic progression 算术级数arithmetic subgroup 算术子群arithmetic unit 运算元素arithmetics 算术arithmetization 算术化arithmometer 四则计算机arrangement 排列array 排列arrow 射artificial variable 人工变量artificial variable method 人工变量法ascending difference 后向差分ascending power series 升幂级数ascending powers 升幂ascending sequence 递升序列aspherical space 非球面空间asphericity 非球面牲assemblage 集assembler 汇编assertion sign 断定号assignable cause 可指定的原因assignment problem 配置问题associate equation 相伴方程associated equation 相伴方程associated radius of convergence 相伴收敛半径associated space 相伴空间association 结合associative algebra 结合代数associative law 结合律associative law for series级数的结合律associativity 结合性assume 假定assumption 假定assumption formula 假定公式asterisk 星号asteroid 星形线asymmetric 非对称的asymmetric relation 非对称关系asymmetrical 非对称的asymmetrical graph 恒等图asymmetry 非对称性asymptote 渐近线asymptote of curve 曲线的渐近线asymptotic 浙近的asymptotic behavior 渐近状态asymptotic circle 渐近圆asymptotic line 渐近线asymptotic point 渐近点asymptotic value 渐近值asymptotically equal 渐近相等asymptotically equal sequence渐近相等序列asymptotically equivalent function 渐近等价函数asymptotically normal distribution 渐近正态分布asymptotically normally distributed 渐近正规分布的asynchronous computer异步计算机atlas 坐标邻域系atom 原子atomic element 原子元素atomic formula 原子公式atomic lattice 原子格atomic proposition 原子命题atomicity 原子性attaching map 接着映射attenuation 衰减attenuation constant 衰减常数attraction 引力attractive force 引力attractor 吸引区attribute 属性augend 被加数augmentation 扩张augmentation preserving map增广保存映射augmented complex 扩张复形augmented matrix 增广矩阵austausch 交换autocorrelation 自相关autocorrelation coefficient/function 自相关系数/函数automatic testing 自动检验automation 自动化automaton graph 自动机图auxiliary 辅助的auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 相伴齐次方程auxiliary function 辅助函数auxiliary line 辅助线auxiliary variable 辅助变数average 平均值average deviation 平均偏差average error 平均误差average life 平均寿命average sample number平均样本数average speed 平均速度average term 普通项average time /value平均时间/值averaging 取平均数averaging method 平均法averaging operator 平均算子axes of coordinates 座标轴axial 轴的axial symmetry 轴对称axiom 公理axiom of accessibility 可达性公理axiom of addition 加法公理axiom of choice 选择公理axiom of completeness 完备性公理axiom of the empty set 空集公理axiom of union 并集公理axiom scheme 公理格式axiomatic 公理的axiomatic method 公理法axis 轴axis of a cone 锥轴axis of abscissas 横坐标轴axis of absolute convergence绝对收敛轴axis of affinity 仿射轴axis of convergence 收敛轴axis of coordinate 坐标轴axis of ordinates 纵坐标轴axis of projection 射影轴axis of reals 实轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axisymmetric 轴对称的axonometry 轴测法azimuth 方位角azimuthal 方位角的Bb measurability b可测性back substitution 逆计算backward difference 后向差分backward difference operator 后向差分算子backward difference quotient 后向差商baire function 贝利函数baire measure 贝利测度balance 平衡balanced category 平衡范畴balanced hypergraph 平衡超图balayage 扫除ball 球ballistic curve 弹道banach algebra 巴拿赫代数banach space 巴拿赫空间band 带band chart 带状图band matrix 带状矩阵bar diagram 条线图(bar graph) barrel 桶集barrel shape 桶型barrelled space 桶型空间barrier 闸barycenter 重心barycentric 重心的barycentric complex 重心复形base 底base angle 底角base line 底线base number 底数base of logarithms 对数的底base point 基点base register基址寄存器变址寄存器base space 底空间base vector 基向量basic 基础的basic block /field/ form基本块/形式/基域basic point 基础点basic representation 基本表示basic ring 基环basic solution 基本解basic symbol 基本符号basic variable 基本变量basis 基basis of linear space 线性空间的基basis of vector space 向量空间的基basis replacement procedure基替换过程basis theorem of hilbert希耳伯特基定理basis vector 基本向量batch processing 成批处理bayes decision function贝叶斯判定函数bayes formula 贝叶斯公式bayes postulate 贝叶斯公假设bayes solution 贝叶斯解behavior 行为behavior strategy 行为策略bellman principle 贝尔曼原理beltrami equation 贝尔特拉米方程bending point 转向点bergman metric 伯格曼度量bernoulli equation 伯努利方程bernoulli inequality 伯努利不等式bernoulli method 伯努利法bernoulli number/polynomial伯努利数/多项式bernstein polynomial伯思斯坦多项式bessel inequality 贝塞耳不等式bessel integral 贝塞耳积分best approximation 最佳逼近best estimator 最佳估计量best test 最佳检验best uniform approximation最佳一致逼近beta distribution 分布beta function 函数betti group 贝蒂群betti number 贝蒂数between group variance 群间方差biadditive 双加法的biangular 双角的bias 偏倚biased estimator 有偏估计量biased sample 有偏样本biased statistics 有偏统计量biased test 有偏检验biaxial 双轴的bicartesian square 双笛卡儿方bicompact set 紧集bicompact space 列紧空间biconditional 等价bicontinuous function 双连续函数bicylinder 双圆柱bidimensional 二维的bidimensionality 二维性bifurcation point 歧点bifurcation theory 分歧理论bigraded group 双重分次群bihomomorphism 双同态bijection (bijective mapping)双射bijectivity 双射性bilateral 两面的bilinear 双线性的bilinear form 双线性形式bilinear functional 双线性泛函bilinearity 双线性binary 二元的binary arithmetic 二进制算术binary code 二进制码binary coding 二进制编码binary digit 二进制数字binary digital computer二进制数字计算机binary element 双态元件binary number 二进制数binary number system 二进制数系binary operation 二元运算binary point 二进制小数点binary relation 二元关系binary system 二进制的binary translation 二进制变换bind 连结binomial 二项式binomial coefficient 二项式系数binomial differential 二项式微分binomial differential equation二项微分方程binomial distribution 二项分布binomial equation 二项方程binomial expansion 二项展开式binomial integral 二项式积分binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理biomathematic 生物数学的biomathematics 生物数学biomechanics 生物力学biometrics 生物统计学biometrika 生物统计学biophysics 生物物理学biorthogonal system 双正交系biorthonormal expansion双标准正交展开Biorthonormalization双标准正交化birth rate 出生率bisect 平分bisecting point 平分点bisection 平分bisector 平分线bisector of angle 角的平分线biunique 一对一的bivalent 二价的bivariate distribution 二维分布bivariate distribution function二元分布函数bivariate frequency function二元频率函数bivariate normal distribution二元正态分布bivariate population 二元总体bivector 二重向量block 块block design 区组设计block relaxation 块松弛block tridiagonal matrix块三对角阵blockdiagram 立体图body 体body of revolution 旋转体boole function 布尔函数boolean algebra 布尔代数boolean optimization 布尔最优化boolean ring/vector布尔环/向量border 边缘border element 边缘元素border of the domain 域的边缘border set 边缘集bordered matrix 加边矩阵bornological set 有界型集bornological space 有界型空间bornology 有界型性bound 界bound decision variable约束决策变量bound term 约束项boundary 边界;边缘boundary collocation 边界配置boundary condition 边界条件boundary correspondence 边界对应boundary curve 边界曲线boundary element method边界元法boundary interval 边界区间boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线boundary point 边界点boundary simplex 边界单形boundary strip 边界带boundary surface 带边界曲面boundary value 边界值boundary value problem 边值问题bounded 有界的bounded above/ below 上/下有界的bounded above/ below sequence上/下有界序列bounded chain 有界链bounded closed set 有界闭集bounded domain 有界域bounded sequence 有界序列bounded set 有界集合bounded to the downwards/ upwards下/上有界的boundedness 有界性bounding manifold 边界廖bounding surface 边界曲面boundless 无限的box 框brace 大括号bracket 括号brachistochrone 最速降线brachistochrone problem最速降线问题bracket operation 括号运算bragg curve 布喇格曲线braid 辫braid group 辫群branch 分支branch line 分枝线branch of a curve 曲线的分枝branch of function 函数的分枝branch point 分枝点branching 分枝branching process 分枝过程breadth 幅break point 断点;分割点briggs' logarithm 常用对数briggsian logarithm 常用对数broken line 折线broken number 分数brownian motion 布朗运动brownian movement 布朗运动buckling 弯曲budget 顸算buffer 缓冲器bundle 束bundle of planes 平面把bundle of rays 线把bundle of spheres 球把bundle space 丛空间bus 母线byte 字节c function c类函数c mapping c类映射ca set 上解析集calculability 可计算性calculable mapping 可计算映射calculable relation 可计算关系calculate 计算calculation 计算calculating automaton 计算自动机calculating circuit 计算电路calculating element 计算单元calculating machine 计算机calculating punch 穿孔计算机calculating register 计算寄存器calculating unit 计算装置calculation of areas 面积计算calculator 计算机calculus 演算calculus of approximations近似计算calculus of errors 误差论calculus of finite differences差分法calculus of probability 概率calibration 校准canal 管道canal surface 管道曲面cancel 消去cancellation 消去cancellation law 消去律cancelling of significant figures 有效数字消去canonical basis 典范基canonical coordinates 标准坐标canonical decomposition 标准分解canonical equation 典型方程canonical form 标准型canonical function 标准函数canonical homomorphism标准同态canonical image 标准象canonical mapping 标准映射canonical solution 标准解canonical system of differential equations 标准微分方程组canonical variable 典型变量cap 交cap product 卡积capacity 容量card 卡片card reader 卡片读数器cardinal 知的cardinal number 基数cardinal product 基数积cardioid 心脏线carrier 支柱carry 进位carry signal 进位信号cartesian coordinate system笛卡儿坐标系cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔座标cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程cartesian folium 笛卡儿叶形线cartesian product 笛卡儿积cartesian space 笛卡儿空间catastrophe theory 突变理论categorical judgment 范畴判断categorical proposition 范畴判断categorical theory 范畴论categoricity 范畴性category 范畴category of modules 模的范畴category of sets 集的范畴category of topological spaces拓扑空间的范畴causal relation 因果关系causality 因果律cause 原因ccr algebra ccr代数celestial body 天体celestial coordinates 天体坐标celestial mechanics 天体力学cell 胞腔center 中心cell complex 多面复形center of a circle 圆心center of curvature 曲率中心center of expansion 展开中心center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of gyration 旋转中心center of mass 质心center of pressure 压力中心center of symmetry 对称中心centered process 中心化过程centi 厘centigram 厘克centimetre 厘米central angle 圆心角central confidence interval中心置信区间central line 中线central point 中心点centre of a circle 圆心centre of gyration 旋转中心centrifugal force 离心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centroid 形心certain event 必然事件certainty 必然chain 链chance 偶然性;偶然的chance event 随机事件chance move 随机步chance quantity 随机量chance variable 机会变量change 变化change of metrics 度量的变换change of the base 基的变换change of the variable 变量的更换channel 信道channel width 信道宽度character 符号characteristic 特征characteristic boundary value problem 特者值问题characteristic class 示性类charge 电荷chart 图chebyshev function 切比雪夫函数chebyshev inequality /polynomial 切比雪夫不等式/多项式check 校验check digit 检验位chi square distribution 分布chi squared test 检验choice function 选择函数chord 弦chord line 弦chord of contact 切弦chordal distance 弦距离christoffel symbol克里斯托弗尔符号cipher 数字circle 圆circle diagram 圆图circle of contact 切圆circle of convergence 收敛圆circulant 循环行列式circulant matrix 轮换矩阵circular 圆的circular arc 圆弧circular cone 圆锥circular cylinder 圆柱circular disk 圆盘circular domain 圆形域circular frequency 角频率circular functions 圆函数circular measure 弧度circular ring 圆环circular section 圆截面circular sector 圆扇形circulation 循环circumcenter 外心circumcentre 外心circumcircle 外接圆circumscribe 外接circumscribed circle 外接圆circumsphere 外接球class 类class field 类域classical mechanics 经典力学classical sentential calculus经典语句演算classical set theory 经典集论classical statistical mechanics经典统计力学classical theory of probability经典概率论classification 分类classification statistic 分类统计classification theorem 分类定理classify 分类classifying map 分类映射classifying space 分类空间clear 擦去clockwise 顺时针的clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise rotation 顺时针旋转clopen set 闭开集closable linear operator可闭线性算子closable operator 可闭算子closed ball 闭球closed circuit 闭合电路closed convex hull 闭凸包closed domain 闭域closed half plane 闭半平面closed half space 闭半空间closed hull 闭包closed interval 闭区间closed kernel 闭核coder 编器codomain 上域coefficient 系数coefficient domain 系数域coefficient function 系数函数coefficient functional 系数泛函coefficient group 系数群coefficient of alienation不相关系数coefficient of association 相伴系数coefficient of covariation 共变系数cofunction 余函数coincidence 一致coincidence point 叠合点coincident 重合的collect 收集collective 集体collinear diagram 列线图collinear points 共线点collinear vectors 共线向量collinearity 共线性collineation 直射变换collineation group 直射群collineatory transformation直射变换collocation method 配置法collocation of boundary 边界配置collocation point 配置点column 列column finite matrix 列有限矩阵column matrix 列阵column rank 列秩column space 列空间column vector 列向量combination 组合command 命令commensurability 可通约性commensurable 可通约的common denominator 公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数common factor 公因子common factor theory 公因子论common fraction 普通分数common logarithm 常用对数common point 公共点common ratio 公比commutant 换位commutation law 交换律commutation relation 交换关系commutative 可换的commutative diagram 交换图表commutative group 交换群commutative groupoid 阿贝耳广群commutative law 交换律commutative lie ring 交换李环commutative ring 交换环commutativity 交换性commutator 换位子commutator group 换位子群commute 交换compact 紧的compact convergence 紧收敛compact group 紧群compact open topology紧收敛拓扑compact operator 紧算子compact set 紧集compact space 紧空间compact subgroup 紧子群comparison function 比较函数comparison method 比较法comparison series 比较用级数comparison test 比较检验comparison theorem 比较定理compatibile condition 相容性条件compatibility 一致性compatibility condition相容性条件compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation of error 误差的补偿compiler 编译程序compiling routine 编译程序complanar line 共面线complele induction 数学归纳法complement 补集complement of an angle 余角complementary 补的complementary angle 余角complementary set 补集complementary space 补空间complete continuity 完全连续性complete disjunction 完全析取complete field 完全域complete field of sets 集的完全域complete graph/group 完全图/群complete induction 数学归纳法complete space 完备空间complete subcategory 完全子范畴complete system 完备系completely additive 完全加性的completely additive family of sets 完全加性集族completely continuous mapping全连续映射(operator)completely distributive lattice完全分配格completely homologous maps完全同党射completely independent system of axioms 完全独立公理系统completion 完备化complex 复形complex conjugate 复共轭的complex conjugate matrix复共轭阵complex curve 复曲线complex curvelinear integral复曲线积分complex domain 复域complex field 复数域complex flnction 复值函数complex fraction 繁分数complex group 辛群complex line 复线complex line bundle 复线丛complex manifold 复廖complex multiplication 复数乘法complex number 复数complex number plane 复数平面complex plane with cut有割的复平面complex quantity 复量complex root 复根complex series 复级数complex sphere 复球面complex variable 复变量complex vector bundle 复向量丛complexity 复杂性complication 复杂化component 分量composable 组成的compose 组成composite 合成composite divisor 合成除数composite function 合成函数composite functor 合成函子composite group 合成群composite hypothesis 复合假设composite number 合成数computable function 可计算函数computation 计算computational error 计算误差computational formula 计算公式computational mistake 计算误差compute 计算computer 计算机。
数学专业英语重点词汇
（一）数学专业英语课件词汇：2.1 数学、方程与比例Mathematics, Equation and Ratio algebra 代数学geometrical 几何的algebraic 代数的identity 恒等式arithmetic 算术, 算术的measure 测量，测度axiom 公理numerical 数值的, 数字的conception 概念，观点operation 运算constant 常数postulate 公设logical deduction 逻辑推理proposition 命题division 除，除法subtraction 减，减法formula 公式term 项，术语trigonometry 三角学variable 变化的，变量2.2 几何与三角Geometry and Trigonologyangle 角cube 立方体arc 弧curved line 曲线major arc 优弧cylinder 柱体minor arc 劣弧diameter 直径architect 建筑师dimention 维数，大小breadth 宽度endpoint 端点chord 弦equidistant 等距离的circumference 周长line segment 直线段cone 圆锥radius 半径critical 临界的pyramid 棱锥2.3 集合论的基本概念Basic Concepts of the Theory of Sets brace 大括号roster 名册consequence 结论，推论roster notation 枚举法designate 标记，指定rule out 排除，否决diagram 图形，图解subset 子集distinct 互不相同的the underlying set 基础集distinguish 区别，辨别universal set 全集divisible 可被除尽的validity 有效性dummy 哑的，哑变量visual 可视的even integer 偶数visualize 可视化irrelevant 无关紧要的void set(empty set) 空集2.4 整数、有理数与实数Integers, Rational Numbers and Real Numbers conversely 反之geometric interpretation 几何意义correspond 对应induction 归纳法deducible 可推导的proof by induction 归纳证明difference 差inductive set 归纳集distinguished 著名的 inequality 不等式entirely complete 完整的 integer 整数Euclid 欧几里得interchangeably 可互相交换的Euclidean 欧式的 intuitive直观的the field axiom 域公理irrational 无理的2.5 笛卡儿几何学的基本概念Basic Concepts of Cartesian Geometry abscissa 横坐标horizontal 水平的analytic geometry 解析几何hypotenuse 斜边arbitrary 任意的integral 整数的,积分的,积分Cartesian 笛卡儿的 intersect 相交Rene Descartes 笛卡儿intertwine 融合，结合circular 圆的，圆周的leg 侧边，直角边coordinate 坐标ordinate 纵坐标2.6 函数的概念与函数思想Function concept and function idea alphabet 字母表prime 素数，质数displacement 位移proportional 成比例的domain 定义域the real-valued function实值函数edge 棱，边 spring constant 弹性系数graph 图，图形limit 极限stretch 拉伸volume 体积，容积，卷2.7 序列及其极限Sequences and Their Limitsassume 假定sequence 序列，数列converge 收敛series 级数，序列diverge 发散subscript 下标imaginary part 虚部succession 连贯性imply 蕴含，推出successor 后继recursion formula 递推公式2.8 函数的导数和它的几何意义The Derivative of a Function and Its Geometric interpretation acceleration 加速度 interval 区间altitude 高度numerator 分子approach 趋于rectilinear motion 直线运动bound 界，限slope 斜率derivative 导数 tangent 正切，切线fraction 分数，分式velocity 速度2.9 微分方程简介Introduction to Differential Equations approximate evaluation 近似估计 initial 初始的disintegrate 解体，衰变integrate 求积分differentiable 可微的polynomial 多项式exponential 指数的rational function 有理函数。
数学专业英语词汇
数学专业英语词汇14 p adic algebra p进代数p adic fraction p进分数p adic integer p进整数p adic number p进数p adic representation p进表示p adic system p进法p adic valuation p进赋值pack 束pair 对paired comparison 成对比较法paired samples 成双样本pairing 配对pairwise 两两的pairwise independent events 互相独立事件paleogeometry 古几何学pantograph 比例画器放大器parabola 抛物线parabola of order n n阶抛物线parabolic coordinates 抛物线坐标parabolic curve 抛物曲线parabolic cusp 抛物尖点parabolic cylinder 抛物柱面parabolic cylinder function 抛物柱面函数parabolic differential equation 抛物型微分方程parabolic folium 抛物叶形线parabolic orbit 抛物线轨道parabolic point 抛物点parabolic regression 抛物回归parabolic segment 抛物线段parabolic spiral 抛物螺线parabolic type 抛物型parabolograph 抛物图形paraboloid 抛物面paraboloid of revolution 回转抛物面paraboloidal coordinates 抛物面坐标paracompact space 仿紧空间paradox 悖论paradoxical 荒谬的paradoxical set 不合理集合parallactic displacement 视差位移parallel 平行线parallel algorithm 并联算法parallel angle 平行角parallel axiom 平行公理parallel body 平行体parallel circle 平行圆parallel coordinates 平行坐标parallel curve 平行曲线parallel displacement 平行位移parallel edge 平行棱parallel line 平行线parallel operation 并行运算parallel plane 平面平行的parallel projection 平行射影parallel rule 平行直尺parallel shift 并行进位parallel slit 平行缝隙parallel slit domain 平行裂纹域parallel strip 平行带parallel subspace 平行子空间parallel surface 平行曲面parallel translation 并行进位parallelepiped 平行六面体parallelepipedal neighborhood 平行六面体邻域parallelism 平行parallelizability 可平行性parallelizable 可平行的parallelizable manifold 可平行廖parallelizable variety 可平行廖parallelogram 平行四边形parallelogram axiom 平行四边形公理parallelogram identity 平行四边形恒等式parallelogram law 平行四边形定律parallelogram of forces 力的平行四边形parallelotope 超平行体parallels of latitude 纬度线parameter 参数parameter curve 参数曲线parameter group 参数群parameter integral 参数积分parameter representation 参数表示parameter space 参数空间parameter variety 参数簇parametric curvature 参数曲率parametric curve 参数曲线parametric equation 参数方程parametric estimation 参数估计parametric hypothesis 参数假设parametric optimal solution 参数最优解parametric optimization 参数最优化parametric programming 参数规划parametric representation 参数表示parametric surface 参数曲面parametric test 参数检验parametric variable 参变数parametrics 参数学parametrix 拟基本解parametrization 参数化法parametron 变参数元件parastatistics 仲统计法paraxial 旁轴的paraxial rays 旁轴光线parent population 母体parenthesis 圈括弧parenthesize 引入括弧内parity 奇偶性parity check 奇偶校验parity digit 奇偶校验位parseval equality 帕谢互尔等式parted hyperboloid 双叶双曲面partial 部分的partial carry 部分进位partial confounding 部分混区partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial cross section 部分截面partial denominator 偏分母partial derivative 偏导数partial difference 偏差partial difference equation 偏差分方程partial difference quotient 偏差商partial differential 偏微分partial differential coefficient 偏导数partial differential equation 偏微分方程partial differential equation of elliptic type 椭圆型偏微分方程partial differential equation of first order 一阶偏微分方程partial differential equation of hyperbolic type 双曲型偏微分方程partial differential equation of mixed type 混合型偏微分方程partial differential equation of parabolic type 抛物型偏微分方程partial differential operator 偏微分算子partial differentiation 偏微分法partial fraction 部分分数partial fraction decomposition 部分分数展开partial fraction expansion 部分分数展开partial function 部分函数partial functor 部分函子partial graph 部分图partial linear differential equation 线性偏微分方程partial mapping 部分映射partial matrix 子阵partial numerator 偏分子partial ordering 偏序partial product 部分积partial rank correlation coefficient 偏等级相关系数partial recursive function 部分递归函数partial recursive scheme 部分递归格式partial regression 偏回归partial subgraph 部分子图partial sum 部分和partially adjoint operator 部分伴随算子partially computable function 部分可计算的函数partially differentiable function 可偏微函数partially isometric operator 部分等距算子partially ordered set 半序集partially ordered space 半序空间particular 特别的particular integral 特别积分particular solution 特解partition 分划partition function 分折函数partition of an integer 整数的分拆partition of unity 单位分解partition problem 划分问题partly well ordered set 半良序集pascal distribution 帕斯卡分布pascal hexagon 帕斯卡六边形pascal line 帕斯卡线pascal triangle 帕斯卡三角形passive 被动的path 道路path component 道路连通区path connected space 道路连通空间path matrix 道路矩阵path of a projectile 弹道path of integration 积分路线path space 道路空间pathological function 病态函数pattern 图形pauli matrices 泡利阵payoff 支付payoff function 支付函数payoff matrix 支付阵peak 峰pearson distribution 皮尔逊分布pedal 垂足线pedal circle 垂足圆pedal curve 垂足线pedal surface 垂足曲面pedal transformation 垂足变换pedal triangle 垂足三角形peirce decomposition 皮尔斯分解penalty function 罚函数penalty method 补偿法pencil 束pencil of circles 圆束pencil of conics 二次曲线束pencil of curves 曲线束pencil of lines 线束pencil of parallel lines 平行线束pencil of planes 面束pencil of spheres 球束pendulum 摆pentad 拼五小组pentadecagon 十五边形pentagon 五角形pentagonal number 五角数pentagonal pyramid 五角锥pentagram 五角星pentahedron 五面体pentaspherical coordinates 五球坐标percent 百分率percent error 百分误差percentage 百分率percentile 百分位数perfect cube 完全立方perfect field 完全域perfect form 完全型perfect group 完全群perfect information 完全信息perfect magic square 完全幻方perfect mapping 完全映射perfect matching 全匹配perfect number 完全数perfect number of the second kind 第二类完全数perfect set 完备集perfect space 完全空间perfect square 完全平方perfectly normal space 完全正规空间perigon 周角perimeter 周围period 周期period matrix 周期矩阵period of a function 函数的周期period of oscillation 振荡的周期period relations 周期关系式period strip 周期带periodic 周期的periodic distribution 周期广义函数periodic element 周期元素periodic error 周期误差periodic function 周期函数periodic group 周期群periodic law 周期律periodic motion 周期运动periodic orbit 周期轨道periodic solution 周期解periodic system 周期系periodical decimal fraction 循环十进小数periodicity 周期性periodicity interval 周期性区间periodicity of function 函数的周期性periodogram 周期图periodogram analysis 周期图分析periodograph 周期图periodparallelogram 周期平行四边形peripheral 周边的peripheral device 外围设备peripheral unit 外围设备periphery 周边permanently convergent series 永久收敛级数permissible error 容许误差permissible function 容许函数permissible value 容许值permutation 置换permutation group 置换群permutation homeomorphism 置换同胚permutation operator 置换算子permutation without repetition 无重复排列permute 排列perpendicular 垂直线perpendicular at midpoint 垂直等分线perpendicular plane 垂直面perpendicularity 正交性perpetuity 永久personal error 个人误差personal move 个人步personal probability 诸概率perspective 透视perspective affine figure 仿射图形perspectivity 透视性pert 程序监定技术perturb 扰动perturbation 扰动perturbation function 摄动函数perturbation method 摄动法perturbation of linear operators 线性算子的摄动perturbation parameter 摄动参数perturbation theory 摄动理论perturbed motion 摄动运动perturbed system 摄动组pfaffian equation 普法夫方程phase 位相phase angle 相角phase boundary 相界phase condition 相位条件phase coordinates 相坐标phase diagram 平衡图phase difference 相差phase integral 相积分phase modulation 相位灯phase plane 相位平面phase shift 相移phase shift analysis 相移分析phase space 相空间phase transition 相转移phase vector 相向量phase velocity 相位速度phenomenon 现象photogeometry 摄影几何学physical constant 物理常数physical coordinates of vector field 向量场的物理坐标physics 物理学picard exceptional value 皮卡例外值picard group 皮卡群picard integral 皮卡积分picard manifold 皮卡簇picard variety 皮卡簇pictogram 象形图piecewise continuity 分段连续性piecewise continuous function 分段连续函数piecewise differentiable function 分段可微函数piecewise linear element 分段线性元素piecewise linear function 分段线性函数piecewise linear map 分段线性映射piecewise linearization 分段线性化piecewise monotonic function 分段单弹数piecewise regular boundary 分段正则边界piecewise regulated function 分段正则函数piecewise smooth 分段光滑的piecewise smooth contour 分段光滑围道piecewise smooth curve 分段光滑曲线pilot survey 试验甸pivot 知pivot column 知列pivot element 知pivot row 枢轴行pivoting 旋转place 位place value 位值plan of experiment 实验计划planar developable surface 平面可展曲面planar graph 平面图planar point 平面点plane 平面plane angle 平面角plane at infinity 无穷远平面plane concave 平凹的plane configuration 平面构形plane convex 平凸的plane coordinates 面坐标plane curve 平面曲线plane dihedral angle 平面二面角plane domain 平面域plane figure 平面图形plane geometry 平面几何plane graph 平面图plane of coordinates 坐标平面plane of incidence 入射面plane of perspectivity 透视平面plane of projection 射影平面plane of similarity 相似平面plane of support 支柱的平面plane of symmetry 对称面plane of the section 截口平面plane projective geometry 平面射影几何plane surface 平曲面plane symmetry 平面对称plane triangle 平面三角形plane trigonometry 平面三角学plane vector field 平面向量场planimeter 面积仪planimetry 测面积学planisphere 平面球形图plano concave 平凹的plano convex 平凸的plasticity 塑性plateau problem 平稳问题platykurtic distribution 低峰态分布platykurtosis 低峰态player 局中人plurigenus 多狂pluriharmonic 多重低的pluriharmonic function 多重低函数plurisubharmonic 多重次低的plurisubharmonic function 多重次低函数plurisuperharmonic 多重上低的plus 加plus infinity 正无穷大plus sign 正号poincare conjecture 庞加莱猜想poincare half plane 上半平面poincare lemma 庞加莱引理poincare manifold 庞加莱廖poincare matrix 庞加菜矩阵poincare model 庞加莱模型poincare series 庞加莱级数point 点point at infinity 无穷远点point circle 点圆point diagram 点图表point ellipse 零椭圆point equation 点方程point estimation 点估计point finite cover 点有限覆盖point function 点函数point group 点群point ideal 点理想point involution 点列对合point lattice 点格point mass 点质量point measure 点测度point of adherence 接触点point of closure 触点point of condensation 凝聚点point of continuity 连续点point of convergence 收敛点point of determinacy 确定点point of discontinuity 不连续点point of divergence 发散点point of division 分点point of indeterminacy 歧点point of infinity 无穷远点point of inflection 拐点point of intersection 交点point of irreducibility 不可约性点point of semicontinuity 半连续点point of support 支撑点point of tangency 切点point of uniform convergence 一致收敛点point pair 点偶point process 点过程point range 点列point sequence 点序列point set 点集point slope form 点斜式point spectrum 点谱point sphere 点球point symmetry 点对称pointed complex 有点复形pointed cone 尖锥pointed set 有点集pointed simplicial complex 有点单纯复形pointer 地址计数器pointwise bounded sequence 点态有界序列pointwise continuity 点态连续性pointwise continuous function 点态连续函数pointwise convergence 点态收敛pointwise convergent family 点态收敛族pointwise convergent sequence 点态收敛序列pointwise discontinuity 点态不连续性pointwise monomorphism 点态单射pointwise relaxation 点态松弛poisson bracket 泊松括号poisson distribution 泊松分布poisson equation 泊松方程poisson ratio 泊松比poisson summation 泊松求积poisson summation formula 泊松求和公式polar 极的polar angle 极角polar axis 极轴polar circle 极圆polar conic 极圆锥曲线polar coordinate chart 极坐标图polar coordinate paper 极坐标图polar coordinates 极坐标polar curve 配极曲线polar decomposition 极分解polar developable 配极可展曲面polar diagram 极线图polar distance 极距polar equation 极方程polar form 极形式polar form of complex number 复数的极式polar integral equation 极性积分方程polar line 极线polar normal 极法线polar of a quadratic form 二次形式的极polar plane 极面polar planimeter 极面积仪polar radius 极半径polar reciprocal body 配极体polar set 极集polar subtangent 极次切距polar surface 极曲面polar system 极系polar tetrahedron 配极四面体polar theory 配极论polar triangle 极三角形polar trihedral 极三面形polar vector 极向量polarity 配极polarization identity 极化恒等式polarized abelian variety 配极阿贝耳簇polarized variety 配极簇pole 极pole of a function 函数的极pole of resolvent 预解式的极policy 策略policy iteration 策略迭代法polycylinder 多圆柱polygamma function 多函数polygon 多角形polygon of forces 力的多角形polygonal domain 多角形域polygonal line 折线polygonal net 多角形网polygonal number 多角数polygonal set 多角集polyharmonic equation 多重低方程polyharmonic function 多重低函数polyhedral angle 多面角polyhedral complex 多面复形polyhedral domain 多面体域polyhedral game 多面体对策polyhedral group 多面体群polyhedral set 多面集polyhedron 多面体polyhex 六面体polynomial 多项式polynomial approximation 多项式近似polynomial coefficient 多项式系数polynomial distribution 多项分布polynomial equation 多项式方程polynomial expansion 多项展开式polynomial game 多项式对策polynomial model 多项式模型polynomial of a variable 一变量多项式polynomial of best approximation 最佳逼近多项式polynomial of degree n n次多项式polynomial of n th degree n次多项式polynomial polyhedron 多项式多面体polynomial representation 多项式表示polynomial ring 多项式环polynomial solution 多项式解polynomial theorem 多项式定理polynomial trend 多项式瞧polytropic curve 多变曲线polytropic line 多变曲线pontryagin maximum principle 庞特里雅金极大原理pooled error 合并误差population 母体population genetics 总体遗传学population mean 总体均值population parameter 总体参数population statistics 人口统计position 位置position function 位置函数position of a relative maximum 相对极大点position of an extremum 极值点position parameter 位置参数position vector 位置向量positional game 位置对策positional notation 位置记数法positive angle 正角positive component 正分量positive cone 正锥positive correlation 正相关positive definite eigenvalue problem 正定特盏问题positive definite form 正定型positive definite kernel 正定核positive definite matrix 正定矩阵positive definite operator 正定算子positive definite quadratic form 正定二次型positive direction 正方向positive function 正函数positive integer 自然数positive linear operator 正线性算子positive logic 正逻辑positive matrix 正阵positive number 正数positive operator 正算子positive part 正部分positive real function 正实函数positive real number 正实数positive root 正根positive semidefinite form 半正定型positive semidefinite matrix 非负半正定阵positive sign 正号positive term series 正项级数positive variation 正变差positively definite eigenvalue problem 正定特盏问题positively definite sequence of numbers 正定数列positively definite variational problem 正定变分问题positively related 正相关的possibility 可能性posterior distribution 后验分布posterior probability 后验概率postnikov system 波斯特尼科夫系postulate 公设postulation 假定potency 基数potency of a set 集的势potential 位势potential difference 位势差potential energy 势能potential field 位势场potential flow 位势流potential function 位势函数potential gradient 位势梯度potential infinity 潜无穷potential scattering 位势散射potential theoretical 位势论的potential theory 位势论power 幂power associative algebra 幂结合代数power density 谱线密度power expansion 按幂展开power exponent 幂指数power function 幂函数;功效函数power mean 幂平匀power of set 集的势power residue symbol 幂剩余符号power series 幂级数power series expansion 幂级数展开power series method 幂级数法power series ring 幂级数环power set 幂集power spectrum 功率谱practical unit 实用单位pre hilbert norm 准希耳伯特模pre hilbert space 准希耳伯特空间preadditive category 预加性范畴precession 进动precise 精确的precision 精度precompact linear mapping 准紧线性映射precompact set 准紧集precompact space 准紧空间precompactness 准紧性predecessor 前趋predecessor function 前钳数predicate 谓词predicate calculus 谓词演算predicate calculus of the third order 三阶谓词演算predicate calculus with identity 带恒等式的谓词演算predicate constant 谓词常数predicate logic 谓词演算predicate symbol 谓词符号predicate variable 谓词变项prediction law 预报律prediction theory 预报理论predictor 预示predictor corrector method 预示校正法predual 预对偶preference relation 选择关系preference testing 选择检验prefix 前束prehistory 履历preimage 逆象premise 前提prenex formula 前束式prenex normal form 前束范式preorder 拟序preradical 预根式prescheme 前概型preservation 保存preserve 保存preset parameter 预置参数presheaf 预层pressure 压力presume 假定presumption 假定presuppose 假定presupposition 假定price 价格primal problem 原始问题primal simplex method 原来单形法primal solution 原来问题解primal variable 原来变量primary abelian group 准素阿贝耳群primary component 准素分支primary decomposition 原始分解primary difference 第一差别类primary ideal 准素理想primary minimum 肢小primary obstruction 第一障碍类primary ring 准素环primary submodule 准素子模prime component 素分量prime conjunction 素连接prime divisor 素因子prime dual ideal 素对偶理想prime element 素元prime factor 素因数prime factorization 素因子分解prime field 素域prime filter 素滤子prime formula 原始公式prime graph 素图prime ideal 素理想prime ideal theorem 素理想定理prime number 素数prime number problem 素数问题prime number theorem 素数定理prime pair 素数对prime polynomial 素多项式prime polynomial ideal 素多项式理想prime power 素数幂prime spot 素点primitive cohomology 原始上同调primitive element 本原元素primitive equation 本原方程primitive function 原函数primitive group 本原群primitive idempotent element 本原幂等元素primitive period 原始周期primitive period parallelogram 原始周期平行四边形primitive period system 原始周期primitive periods 原始周期primitive polynomial 本原多项式primitive recursive attribute 原始递归属性primitive recursive function 原始递归函数primitive recursive isomorphism 原始递归同构primitive recursive predicate 原始递归渭词primitive root 原根principal adele 症代尔principal anti automorphism 执自同构principal axes of stress 应力轴principal axis 轴principal axis transformation 轴变换principal branch 殖principal branch of general power 一般幂的枝principal branch of natural logarithm 自然对数的枝principal branch of radical 根基的枝principal character 重贞principal circle 植principal coincidence curve 筑合素曲线principal component 种量principal congruence subgroup 脂余子群principal curvature 助率principal curve 助线principal diagonal 衷角线principal direction 纸向principal distribution parameter 种布参数principal divisor 烛子principal factor 烛子principal fibration 炙维化principal filter 炙子principal fractionary ideal 种式理想principal genus 竹principal ideal 猪想principal ideal domain 猪想整环principal ideal ring 猪想环principal ideal theorem 猪想定理principal isobaric surfaces 标准等压面principal matrix 重阵principal maximum 肢小principal minor 钟行列式principal moment of inertia 知动惯量principal normal 吱线principal normal bundle 吱线丛principal normal vector 吱线向量principal part 挚principal part of laurent series 罗郎级数的挚principal plane 纸面principal point 帚principal series 烛列principal solution 肘principal surface 助面principal tangent 中线principal term 诸principal trace 郑principal uniformization 芝值化principal value 值principal value of argument 辐角的值principal value of integral 积分的值principal value of power 幂的值principal value of radical 根基的值principal variable 咒数principle 原理principle of abstraction 抽象原理principle of balayage 扫除原理principle of choice 选择公理principle of comparison 比较原理principle of continuity 连续原理principle of correspondence 对应原则principle of counting constants 常数计数原理principle of domination 优势原理principle of duality 对偶原理principle of energy 能量原理principle of equilibrium 平衡原理principle of harmonic measure 低测度原理principle of indeterminancy 测不准原理principle of least action 最小酌原理principle of least curvature 最小曲率原理principle of mathematical induction 数学归纳法原理principle of reflection 反射原理principle of relativization 相对化原理principle of transfinite induction 超限归纳原理principle of variation 变分原理principle of virtual displacement 虚位移原理prior distribution 先验分布prior probability 先验概率prism 角柱prismatic 棱柱的prismatic surface 棱柱曲面prismatoid 旁面三角台prismoidal formula 似棱体公式pro finite group 射有限群probabilistic 概率的probabilistic method in statistical mechanics 统计力学中的概率方法probability 概率probability curve 概率曲线probability density 概率密度probability distribution 概率分布probability distribution function 分布函数probability element 概率元素probability field 概率场probability function 概率函数probability generating function 概率母函数probability integral 概率积分probability matrix 随机阵probability measure 概率测度probability model 随机性模型probability of occurrence 事件概率probability paper 概率纸probability sampling 概率抽样probability space 概率空间probability theory 概率论probability unit 概率单位probability vector 概率向量probable deviation 概差probable ellipse 概率椭圆probable ellipsoid 概率椭球probable error 概差probit 概率单位probit analysis 概率单位分析problem of contact 接触问题problem of fixed points 不动点问题problem of geometrical construction 几何准问题problem of moments 矩问题problem of prime twins 孪生素数问题problem on obstacle 障碍问题process 过程process control 过程控制process with independent increments 独立增量过程processing 处理producer's risk 厂方风险product 积product algebra 积代数product bundle 积丛product category 积范畴product complex 积复形product directed set 积有向集product formula 乘积公式product integral 乘积积分product mapping 积映射product measure 乘积测度product metric 乘积度量product module 积模product moment 积矩product moment correlation 积矩相关product of events 事件的积product of relation 关系的积product preserving functor 积保存函子product representation of equation 方程的积表示product series 积级数product set 积集product sign 乘号product space 积空间product topology 积拓扑product transformation 积变换product uniformity 积一致性product variety 积簇production 生成profit 利益program 程序program library 程序库program parameter 程序参数program register 程序寄存器program tape 程序带program test 程序检验programmer 程序设计员programming 程序设计progression 级数project 射影projecting plane 射影面projection 射影projection gradient method 投影梯度法projection matrix 射影矩阵projection plane 射影平面projective algebraic variety 射影代数簇projective arc length 射影弧长projective collineation 射影直射变换projective cone 射影锥projective conic 射影圆锥曲线projective connection 射影联络projective coordinate system 射影坐标系projective coordinates 射影坐标projective cover 射影覆盖projective curvature tensor 射影曲率张量projective deformation 射影变形projective differential geometry 射影微分几何学projective dimension 射影维数projective general linear group 射影一般线性群projective generation 射影产生projective geometry 射影几何学projective limit 逆向极限projective line 射影直线projective line element 射影线元projective mapping 射影映射projective metric 射影度量projective minimal surface 射影极小曲面projective module 射影模projective normal 射影法线projective object 射影对象projective parameter 射影参数projective pencil of lines 射影线束projective plane 射影平面projective principal normal 射影吱线projective property 射影性质projective quadric 射影二次曲面projective relation 射影关系projective representation 射影表示projective set 射影集合projective space 射影空间projective tensor 射影张量projective theorem 射影定理projective transformation 射影变换projective variety 射影簇projective vector 射影向量projectively flat space 射影平坦空间projectivity 射影关系projector 射影算子prolate cycloid 长辐旋轮线prolate ellipsoid 长椭球prolate spheroid 长椭球prolongation 开拓promotion of convergence 收敛的促进proof 证明proof of existence 存在证明proof theory 证蜜propagation 传播propagation of errors 误差传播proper class 本原元素proper convex body 固有凸体proper convex function 特展函数proper divergence 定发散proper dual ideal 固有对偶理想proper face 真面proper factor 真因子proper factor group 真剩余群proper fraction 真分数proper fractional function 真分数函数proper frequency 固有频率proper function 特寨数proper lorentz group 正常洛伦茨群proper morphism 真射proper motion 固有运动proper movement 固有运动proper orthogonal group 特殊正交群proper orthogonal matrix 特正交矩阵proper point 固有点proper point of inflection 固有变曲点proper quadric 真二次曲面proper subgraph 真子图proper subgroup 真子群proper subset 真子集proper subspace 本沼空间proper value 特盏proper vector 特镇量properly discontinuous 纯不连续的properly discontinuous group 纯不连续群properly divergent sequence 正常发散序列properly divergent series 正常发散级数proportion 比例proportional 比例的proportional allocation 比例配置proportional compasses 比例规proportional component 比例分量proportional counter 正比计数器proportional part 比例部分proportional quantities 比例量proportional region 正比区proportional sampling 比例抽样proportionality 比例proportionality coefficient 比例系数proportionality factor 比例系数proportionality limit 比例极限proposition 命题propositional algebra 命题代数propositional calculus 命题演算propositional connective 命题联结词propositional function 命题函数propositional inference 命题推演propositional logic 命题逻辑propositional variable 命题变元protractor 量角器分度规provability 可证迷provable 可证媚;可证的provable formula 可证公式prove 证明论证proximity 附近proximity relation 邻近关系proximity space 邻近空间pseudo abelian category 伪阿贝耳范畴pseudo euclidean space 伪欧几里得空间pseudo random number 伪随机数pseudo tensor 伪张量pseudoanalytic function 伪解析函数pseudoarc 伪弧pseudobasis 伪基pseudocatenary 伪悬链线pseudocatenoid 伪悬链曲面pseudocode 伪码pseudocoherent sheaf 伪凝聚层pseudocompact 伪紧的pseudocomplement 伪余pseudocomplemented lattice 伪有余格pseudocomplex manifold 伪复廖pseudoconformal geometry 伪保角几何pseudoconformal mapping 伪保角映射pseudoconvex 伪凸的pseudoconvex domain 伪凸域pseudoconvex function 伪凸函数pseudoconvexity 伪凸性pseudocycle 伪循环pseudocycloid 伪旋轮线pseudodifferential operator 伪微分算子pseudodistance 伪距离pseudoelliptic function 伪椭圆函数pseudoelliptic integral 伪椭圆积分pseudofunctor 伪函子pseudogroup of transformations 伪变换群pseudoharmonic function 伪低函数pseudoinverse operator 伪逆算子pseudomanifold 伪廖pseudomeasure 伪测度pseudometric space 伪度量空间pseudometric uniformity 伪度量一致性pseudometrizable uniform space 伪可度量化的一致空间pseudonorm 伪范数pseudonormed space 伪赋范空间pseudoperiod 伪周期pseudoperiodic function 伪周期函数pseudoprime number 伪素数pseudoproduct 伪积pseudorandom number 伪随机数pseudorecurrence 伪递推pseudoscalar 伪纯量pseudoscalar coupling 伪标量耦合pseudosphere 伪球面pseudospherical space 伪球形空间pseudospherical surface 伪球形曲面pseudospiral 伪螺线pseudotensor 伪张量pseudotractrix 伪曳物线pseudotriangle 伪三角形pseudovaluation 伪赋值psi function 双函数psychometrics 计量心理学puiseux series 皮瑟级数pulsation 脉动pulse 脉冲pulse length 脉冲长度punch card 穿孔卡片punch position 穿孔位置punch tape 穿孔带punched hole 穿孔punctured disk 有孔圆盘puppe exact sequence 普佩正合序列pure complex 纯复形pure continuous spectrum 纯连续谱pure geometry 综合几何学pure mathematics 抽象数学pure point spectrum 纯离散谱pure predicate calculus of first order 一阶纯谓词演算pure set theory 一般集合论pure state 纯状态pure strategy 纯策略pure surd 纯不尽根purely discrete spectrum 纯离散谱purely imaginary number 虚数purely inseparable 纯不可分的purely inseparable element 纯不可分元素purely inseparable extension 纯不可分扩张purely transcendental extension 纯超越扩张pursuit curve 追踪曲线pyramid 角锥pyramidal 角锥的pyramidal surface 棱锥曲面pythagoras theorem 毕达哥拉斯定理pythagorean field 毕达哥拉斯域pythagorean numbers 毕达哥拉斯数。
数学专业英语词汇（I）
数学专业英语词汇(I)i'hospital rule 洛必达规则iconic model 图象模型icosahedral 二十面体的icosahedron 二十面体ideal 理想ideal boundary 理想边界ideal class group 理想类群ideal group 理想群ideal number 理想数ideal point 理想点idele 伊代尔idele class group 伊代尔类群idele group 伊代尔群idemfactor 幂等因子idempotence law 幂等律idempotency 幂等性idempotent 幂等元素idempotent law 幂等律idempotent ring 幂等环idempotent semigroup 幂等半群identical operation 相同运算identical operator 恒等算子identical permutation 恒等排列identical relation 恒等关系式identical representation 恒等表示identical transformation 恒等变换identically distributed 恒等分布的identifiability 能识性identification 同化identification map 粘合映射identification of the first kind 第一类粘合identification topology 同化拓扑identities of kronecker 克罗内克恒等式identity 恒等式identity element 单位元identity function 恒等函数identity graph 恒等图identity map 恒等映射identity operator 恒等算子identity permutation 恒等排列identity theorem 恒等定理if and only if 当且仅当ill conditioned 病态的ill conditioned matrix 病态阵ill posed problem 不适定问题illusory correlation 产生错觉相关image 象集image point 象点image set 象集image space 象空间imaginary 虚数imaginary axis 虚轴imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary ellipsoid 虚椭圆面imaginary number 虚数imaginary part 虚部imaginary plane 虚平面imaginary point 虚点imaginary root 虚根imaginary sphere 虚球imaginary unit 虚数单位imbalance 不稳定imbedded prime ideal 嵌入素理想imbedding 嵌入imbedding method 嵌入法imbedding theorem 嵌入定理immeasurability 非可测的immeasurable 不可度量的immediate 直接的immediate inference 直接推理immediate predecessor 直前仟immediate successor 紧接后元immersed manifold 浸入的廖immersed submanifold 浸入的子廖immersed variety 浸入的廖immersion 浸入impact matrix 碰撞矩阵imperfect field 不完全域implicate 蕴涵implication 蕴涵implicit 隐含的implicit definition 隐定义implicit difference scheme 隐式差分格式implicit differential equation 隐式微分方程implicit differentiation 隐微分法implicit function 隐函数implicit function theorem 隐函数定理imponderability 不可称量性impossibility proof 不可能性证明impossible event 不可能事件impredicative definition 非断言定义imprimitive group 非本原群improper 非正常的improper differentiability 非正常可微性improper divergence 非正常发散improper face 假面improper fraction 假分数improper fractional function 假分数函数improper function 拟函数improper integral 反常积分improper integral of the first kind 第一种反常积分improper limit value 非正常极限值improper orthogonal matrix 非正常正交阵improper rotation 非正常旋转improper singularity 非正常奇点improper symbol 非正常符号improperly integrable function 反常可积函数impulse response 脉冲响应impulsion 脉冲imputation 分配in counter clockwise direction 反时针方向in terms by terms 逐项地inaccessible boundary point 不可达边界点inaccessible element 不可达元素inaccessible number 不可达数inaccessible ordinal 不可达序数inaccuracy 不精密incenter 内心incentre 内心inch 英寸incidence 关联incidence angle 入射角incidence formula 关联公式incidence matrix 关联矩阵incidence number 关联数incidence relation 关联关系incircle 内切圆inclination 倾斜inclination of a line 直线的倾角inclined plane 斜面include 包含included angle 夹角inclusion 包含inclusion functor 包含函子inclusion map 包含映射inclusion relation 包含关系incommensurability 不能通约incommensurable quantities 不可通约量incommensurable segments 不可通约线段incompatibility 不相容性incompatible equations 不相容方程incomplete beta function 不完全函数incomplete equation 不完全方程incomplete factorial function 不完全阶乘函数incomplete gamma function 不完全函数incomplete induction 不完全归纳法incomplete polynomial 不完全多项式incompleteness 不完全性incompleteness theorem 不完全性定理incompressibility 非压缩性incompressible 不可压缩的incongruent 不同余的inconsistency 不一致性inconsistent equations 不相容方程inconsistent estimator 不相容估计量inconsistent formal system 不相容形式系统incorrect proposition 错误命题increase 增加increasing directed set 上方有向集increasing function 增函数increasing progression 递增级数increasing sequence 增序列increasing series 递增级数increasing transfinite sequence 递增超限序列increment 增量increment of a function 函数的增量indecomposable 不可分解的indefinable 难下定义的indefinite form 不定形式indefinite integral 不定积分的indefinite operator 不定算子indefinite total variation 不定全变差indefiniteness 无定性indegree 入度independence 独立independence from path 从路独立性independent axioms 独立公理independent events 独立事件independent sampling 独立抽样independent set 独立集independent system 独立系independent tests 独立检验independent variable 自变量indeterminacy 不确定性indeterminancy principle 测不准原理indeterminate equation 不定方程indeterminate form 不定式indeterminate system of equations 不定方程组indetermined 不定的index 解析指数index number 指数index of a radical 根式的指数index of imprimitivity 非本原指标index of inertia 惯性指数index of operator 算子的指数index of speciality 特性的指数index set 指标集index theorem 指数定理indexing 标引indicator function 指标函数indicator function of event 事件的指标函数indicatrix 标形indicial equation 决定方程indifference region 无差别区域indirect numerical method 间接数值法indirect proof 间接证明indirect sampling 间接抽样indiscrete space 密着空间indiscrete topology 密着拓扑individual 个体individual ergodic theorem 个体遍历定理indivisible 除不尽的indivisible element 除不尽元素induce 诱导induced bundle 诱导纤维丛induced cohomology homomorphism 导出上同调induced fiber bundle 诱导纤维丛induced homomorphism 导出同态induced topology 诱导拓扑induction 归纳induction hypothesis 归纳假设induction method 归纳法induction rule 归纳规则induction step 归纳步骤induction variable 归纳变量inductional assumption 归纳假设inductive dimension 归纳维数inductive limit 归纳限inductive system 归纳系inductively ordered set 归纳有序集inequalities in physics 物理学中的不等式inequality 不等式inequality constraint 不等式约束inequality sign 不等号inequilateral 不等边的inertia 惯性inertia group 惯性群inertial force 惯性力inertial system 惯性系inference 推论inference pattern 推理模型inferior limit 下极限infimum 最大下界infinite 无穷的infinite decimal 无尽小数infinite dimensional 无限维的infinite distributivity 无限分配性infinite half plane 半无限平面infinite induction 无限归纳infinite integral 第一种反常积分infinite interval 无限区间infinite matrix 无限矩阵infinite of the same order 同阶无穷大infinite place 无限位infinite point 无限远点infinite product 无穷乘积infinite progression 无穷级数infinite sequence 无限序列infinite series 无穷级数infinite set 无限集infinite space 无限空间infinite system of differential equations 无穷微分方程组infinite system of linear equations 无穷线性方程组infinitely continuously derivable function 无限次连续可微函数infinitely divisible distribution 无穷可分分布infinitely divisible measure 无穷可分测度infinitely divisible variate 无穷可分变量infinitely near point 无限接近点infinitely small 无穷小的infinitesimal 无穷小infinitesimal analysis 微积分infinitesimal calculus 微积分infinitesimal contact transformation 无穷小切变换infinitesimal deformation 无穷小形变infinitesimal displacement 无穷小位移infinitesimal generator 无穷小算子infinitesimal operator 无穷小算子infinitesimal quantity 无穷小infinitesimal rigidity 无穷小刚性infinitesimal rotation 无穷小旋转infinitesimal transformation 无穷小变换infinity 无穷大inflation 膨胀inflection 拐折inflexion 拐折inflexional asymptote 拐渐近线inflexional tangent 拐切线influence 影响information processing 信息处理information set 信息集information source 信息源information theory 信息论inhomogeneity 不均匀性inhomogeneous 非齐次的inhomogeneous coordinates 非齐次坐标inhomogeneous equation 非齐次方程inhomogeneous integral equation 非齐次积分方程inhomogeneous lorentz group 非齐次络论茨群initial 初始的initial approximation 初始近似initial condition 初始条件initial data 原始数据initial distribution 初始分布initial error 初始错误initial manifold 初始廖initial phase 初相initial point 始点initial position 初始位置initial set 始集initial solution 初始解initial state 初态initial strip 初始带initial term 初项initial value 初值initial value problem 柯问题initial value theorem 初值定理initial velocity 初速度initial vertex 初始顶点injection 单射injective dimension 单射维数injective envelope 单射包络injective mapping 单射injective object 单射对象injectivity 内射性inner automorphism 内自同构inner capacity 内容量inner derivation 内部求导inner normal 内法线inner point 内点inner product 纯量积inner product module 内积模inner product space 内积空间innumerability 无数innumerable 无数的input 入口input alphabet 输入字母input device 输入装置input error 输入数据误差input flow 输入流input function 输入函数input routine 输入程序input signal 输入信号input state 输入状态input unit 输入装置input variable 输入值inradius 内径inscribe 内接inscribed angle 圆周角inscribed circle 内切圆inscribed polygon 内接多边形inscribed quadrangle 内接四边形inscribed tetragon 内接四边形inscribed triangle 内接三角形inseparable 不可分的inseparable degree 不可分次数inseparable element 不可分元inseparable extension 不可分扩张inseparable isogeny 不可分同种inseparable polynomial 不可分多项式insertion 嵌入inside 内部的insoluble equation 不可解方程instability 不稳定性instability constant 不稳定常数instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度instruction 指令instruction address 指令地址instruction code 指令码instruction register 指令寄存器instruction system 指令系统instruction word 指令码insurance 保险insurance calculus 保险演算insurance mathematics 保险数学integer 整数integer linear optimization 整数线性最优化integer optimization 整数规划integer part 整数部分integer polyhedron 整数多面体integer programming 整数规划integer solution 整数解integer valued function 整数值函数integrability 可积性integrability conditions 可积条件integrability in the sense of riemann 黎曼可积性integrable 可积的integrable function 可积函数integral 积分integral calculus 积分学integral closure 整闭包integral conoid 积分劈锥面integral cosine 余弦积分integral criterion 积分判别准则integral curvature 总曲率integral curve 积分曲线integral domain 整环integral element 积分元素integral equation 积分方程integral exponential 积分指数integral formula 积分公式integral formula of cauchy 柯锡分公式integral function 整函数integral geometry 积分几何学integral homology functor 整同弹子integral homology group 整同岛integral homology theory 整同帝integral ideal 整理想integral inequality 积分不等式integral invariant 积分不变式integral kernel 积分核integral logarithm 积分对数integral number 整数integral of a differential equation 微分方程的积分integral of a function 函数的积分integral operator 积分算子integral part 整数部分integral point 整点integral quaternion 整四元数integral rational function 整有理函数integral relation 积分关系integral representation 积分表示;整数表示integral sign 积分符号integral strip 积分带integral surface 积分曲面integral table 积分表integral theorem 积分定理integral theorem of cauchy 柯锡分定理integral transcendental function 整超越函数integral transform 积分变换integral vector 积分向量integrand 被积函数integraph 积分仪integrate 积分integrating factor 积分因子integrating wheel 积分轮integration 积分integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法integration constant 积分常数integration operator 积分算子integration term by term 逐项积分integration theory 积分论integration variable 积分变数integrator 积分仪integrimeter 求积仪integro differential equation 积分微分方程integro differential operator 积分微分算子intension 内涵intensity 强度interchange 交换interclass correlation 组内相关interest rate 利率interference 干涉interference function 干涉函数interior 内部interior alternate angles 内错角interior angle 内角interior approximation 内逼近interior boundary problem 内边值问题interior cross sectional measure 内截面测度interior domain 内域interior edge 内部棱interior lebesgue measure 勒贝格内测度interior mapping 开映射interior measure 内测度interior normal 内法线interior of domain 域的内部interior opposite angle 内对角interior point 内点interior problem 内边值问题interior surface 内面intermediate convergent 中间渐近分数intermediate differential 中间微分intermediate field 中间域intermediate fraction 中间渐近分数intermediate group 中间群intermediate integral 中间积分intermediate language 中间语言intermediate result 中间结果intermediate value 介值intermediate value theorem 介值定理intermediate variable 中间变量internal division 内分internal memory 内存储器internal ratio 内比internal storage 内存储器internal store 内存储器internal tangent of two circles 二圆的内切线internal transformation 内点变换internal vertex 内部顶点internally tangent 内切的international system of units 国际单位制interpenetrating samples 互相负穿样本interpolate 插值interpolating spline function 内插样条函数interpolation 插值interpolation error 插值误差interpolation formula 插值公式interpolation function 插值函数interpolation method 插值法interpolation of operators 算子插值interpolation polynomial 插值多项式interpolation problem 插值问题interpolation quadrature formula 插值求积公式interpretater routine 解释程序interpretation 解释interquartile range 四分位数间距intersect 交intersect transversally 相交横截intersecting lines 相交线intersection 交intersection chart 网络图intersection graph 相交图intersection multiplicity 相交重数intersection number 交数intersection point 交点intersection ring 交环intersection theorems 相交定理intersectionproduct 交叉积interval 区间interval algebra 区间代数interval analysis 区间分析interval closed at the right 右闭区间interval estimation 区域估计interval function 区间函数interval graph 区间图interval of convergence 收敛区间interval of definition 定义区间interval topology 区间拓扑intra class correlation 同类相关intra class correlation coefficient 同类相关系数intransitive group 非可迁群intransitive relation 非可递关系intransitivity 非可迁性intrinsic geometry 内蕴几何学intrinsic property 内蕴性质intuition 直观intuitionism 直觉皱intuitionist logic 直觉皱逻辑intuitionistic 直觉皱的intuitive 直观的invariability 不变invariable 不变的invariance 不变性invariance theorem 不变性定理invariant 不变式invariant continuation 不变开拓invariant element 不变元invariant factor 不变因子invariant lie subgroup 不变李子群invariant measure 不变测度invariant of an equation 方程的不变量invariant property 不变性invariant set 不变集invariant subalgebra 不变子代数invariant subgroup 不变子群invariant subset 不变子集invariant subspace 不变子空间invariant test 不变检定invariant theory 不变量理论inventory control 库存管理论inverse 逆元inverse calculation 逆计算inverse circular function 反三角函数inverse correspondence 逆对应inverse cosecant 逆余割inverse cosine 逆余弦inverse cotangent 逆余切inverse curve 反曲线inverse element 逆元inverse figure 逆图形inverse form 逆形式inverse fraction 反分数inverse function 反函数inverse hyperbolic function 反双曲函数inverse image 逆象inverse interpolation 逆插法inverse isomorphism 反同构inverse isoperimetric problem 逆等周问题inverse isotone mapping 逆保序映射inverse laplace transform 逆拉普拉斯变换inverse laplace transformation 拉普拉斯逆变换inverse limit 逆向极限inverse logarithm 反对数inverse mapping 逆映射inverse matrix 逆阵inverse number 反数inverse operation 逆运算inverse operator 逆算子inverse permutation 逆置换inverse polish notation 逆波兰表示法inverse problem 逆问题inverse proportion 反比inverse proposition 逆命题inverse quaternion 反四元数inverse relation 逆关系inverse secant 反正割inverse similarity 逆相似性inverse sine 逆正弦inverse spectrum 逆谱inverse square law 平方反比定律inverse system 逆向系inverse tangent 反正切inverse theorem 逆定理inverse transformation 反变换inverse trigonometric function 反三角函数inverse value 逆值inverse vector iteration 逆向量迭代inversely proportional quantities 反比例量inversely well ordered set 逆良序集inversion 反演inversion formula 反演公式inversion of a point 点的反演inversion principle 反演原理inversion problem 反演问题inversion theorem 反演定理inversor 反演器invert 翻转invertibility 可逆性invertible element 可逆元invertible fractional ideal 可逆分式理想invertible map 可逆映射invertible matrix 可逆矩阵invertible module 可逆加法群invertible operator 可逆算子invertible sheaf 可逆层invertible transformation 可逆变换involute 渐伸线involution 对合involutorial anti automorphism 对合反自同构involutory algebra 对合代数involutory matrix 对合矩阵involutory system 对合系involve 包含irrational 无理的irrational algebraic expression 无理代数式irrational equation 无理方程irrational fraction 无理分数irrational function 无理函数irrational number 无理数irrationality 无理性irreducibility 既约性irreducibility criterion 不可约性判别准则irreducible 不可约的irreducible algebraic correspondence 不可约代数对应irreducible algebraic variety 不可约代数簇irreducible branch 不可约分支irreducible case 不可约情形irreducible character 不可约特贞irreducible constituent 不可约组成成分irreducible curve 不可约曲线irreducible element 不可约元irreducible equation 不可约方程irreducible factor 不可约因子irreducible generating set 不可约生成集irreducible markov chain 不可约马尔可夫链irreducible matrix 不可约阵irreducible polynomial 不可约多项式irreducible proof 不可约证明irreducible quadratic form 不可约二次形式irreducible r module 不可约r模irreducible representation 不可约表示irreducible set 不可约集irreflexible 不反射的irreflexive relation 非自反关系irreflexively partially ordered set 非自反半序集irreflexivity 反自反性irregular 不正则的;不规则的irregular birational transformation 非正则双有理变换irregular divisor class 非正则因子类irregular point 非正则点irregular singular point 非正则奇点irregularity 非正则性irreversibility 不可逆性irreversible 不可逆的irreversible process 不可逆过程irrotational 无旋的irrotational vector field 无涡向量场isobaric surface 等压面isochronous curve 等时曲线isogeneous algebraic group 同种代数群isogeny 同种isogon 等角多角形isogonal 等角的isogonal affine transformation 等角仿射变换isogonal conformal mapping 等角映射isogonal conformal transformation 等角映射isogonal conjugate lines 等角共轭线isogonal trajectory 等角轨线isogonal transformation 保角映射isogonality 等角变换isohypse 等压等高线isolate 抽数isolated element 孤立元素isolated point 孤点isolated prime ideal 孤立素理想isolated set 离散集isolated singular point 孤立奇点isolated subgroup 孤立子群isolated vertex 孤立项点isometric 同度量的isometric chart 等距图isometric circle 等距圆isometric embedding 等距嵌入isometric form 等距形式isometric mapping 等距映射isometric operator 等距算子isometric space 等距空间isometric stereogram 等距图isometric surface 等距曲面isometric transformation 同度量度换isometry 等距映射isomorphic 同构的isomorphic complex 同相复形isomorphic field 同构域isomorphic graph 同构图isomorphic group 同构群isomorphic image 同构象isomorphic map 同构象isomorphic mapping 同构映射isomorphic partially ordered set 同构半序集isomorphism 同构isomorphism class 同构类isomorphism condition 同构条件isomorphism invariant 同构不变量isomorphism problem 同构问题isomorphism theorems 同构定理isomorphism theorems of group theory 群论的同构定理isomorphism type 同构型isoperimetric 等周的isoperimetric figure 等周形isoperimetric inequality 等周不等式isoperimetric parameter 等周参数isoperimetric problem 等周问题isopleth 等值线isoptic curve 切角曲线isosceles 等腰的isosceles trapezoid 等腰梯形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形isotherm 等温线isothermal parameter 等温参数isothermal parameter curve 等温参数曲线isothermal surface 等温曲面isothermalasymptotic surface 等温渐近曲面isothermic system of curves 等温曲线系isotone mapping 保序映射isotone transformation 保序变换isotone valuation 保序赋值isotonic injective mapping 保序单射映射isotonic mapping 保序映射isotony 保序性isotopic embedding 合痕嵌入isotopic figure 合痕图形isotopic groupoid 合痕广群isotopic knot 合痕纽结isotopic quasi fields 合痕拟域isotopy 合痕isotopy class 合痕类isotopy invariant 合痕不变式isotopy type 合痕型isotropic 蛤同性的isotropic body 蛤同性体isotropic cone 迷向锥面isotropic curvature 迷向曲率isotropic curve 迷向曲线isotropic line 迷向线isotropic matter 蛤同性物质isotropic surface 迷向曲面isotropic vector 迷向向量isotropy 迷向isotropy group 迷向群isthmus 分离棱iterate 迭代iterated function 叠函数iterated integral 累积分iterated kernel 叠核iterated limit 迭代极限iterated logarithm 叠对数iterated series 叠级数iterating 重复iteration 迭代iteration loop 迭代循环iteration method 迭代法iteration step 迭代步iterative computation 迭代计算iterative method 迭代法iterative method for eigenvalue problems 特盏问题迭代法iwasawa decomposition 伊娃沙娃分解。
数学专业英语词汇
数学专业英语词汇摘要数学是一门广泛的学科，涉及到各种概念、理论和方法。
为了有效地学习和交流数学，我们需要掌握一些基本的数学专业英语词汇。
本文根据不同的数学分支，列出了一些常见的数学术语及其中英文对照，包括算术、代数、几何、三角学、微积分、概率论和统计学等。
本文旨在帮助数学专业的考研复试者和其他对数学感兴趣的人士提高英语水平，增强数学素养。
算术（Arithmetic）算术是数学的基础，主要研究数字和基本运算。
以下是一些常用的算术术语及其中英文对照：中文英文数字number整数integer自然数natural number偶数even number奇数odd number质数prime number合数composite number分数fraction小数decimal有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number复数complex number运算operation加法addition减法subtraction乘法multiplication除法division指数exponentiation对数logarithm四则运算arithmetic operations平方根square root立方根cube root四次根fourth rootn次根nth root代数（Algebra）代数是研究符号和规则的一门数学分支，主要用于解决方程和不等式。
以下是一些常用的代数术语及其中英文对照：中文英文符号symbol变量variable常量constant系数coefficient项term表达式expression方程equation不等式inequality解solution根root一元方程equation in one variable二元方程equation in two variables多元方程equation in more than two variables一次方程linear equation二次方程quadratic equation高次方程higher degree equation方程组system of equations代数式algebraic expression多项式polynomial单项式monomial二项式binomial几何（Geometry）几何是研究形状、大小和位置的一门数学分支，主要用于描述空间中的对象。
数学专业英语词汇
代数ALGEBRA1.数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数Positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number,rational number实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数composite number合数 e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…prime number质数 e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15…reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(minimum)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinary scale,decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数mean平均数median中值commonratio公比2.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值round off四舍五入数学3.基本运算add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数，公约数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign,root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入4.代数式，方程，不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)5.分数，小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位6.集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何GEOMETRY1.角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementaryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.图形的附属概念plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理（毕达哥拉斯定理）congruent全等的multilateral多边的altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦diameter直径radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线化edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median（三角形的）中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面。
数学专业英语常用词汇
数学专业英语词汇代数部分1. 有关数*算add，plus 加?subtract 减?difference 差??multiply, times 乘?product 积?divide 除?divisible 可被整除的?divided evenly被整除? dividend 被除数，红利?divisor 因子，除数?quotient 商?remainder余数??factorial 阶乘?power 乘方?radical sign, root sign 根号? round to四舍五入?to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集?proper subset 真子集?solution set 解集??3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项?like terms, similar terms同类项?numerical coefficient 数字系数?literal coefficient 字母系数??inequality 不等式?triangle inequality 三角不等式??range 值域??original equation 原方程?equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程?linear equation 线性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22)?4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数?improper fraction 假分数?mixed number 带分数?vulgar fraction，common fraction 普通分数?simple fraction简分数?complex fraction繁分数??numerator 分子?denominator 分母?(least) common denominator（最小）公分母?quarter 四分之一?decimal fraction 纯小数?infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数?tenths unit 十分位??5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值?weighted average 加权平均值?geometric mean 几何平均数?exponent 指数，幂?base 乘幂的底数,底边?cube 立方数，立方体?square root平方根?cube root 立方根??common logarithm 常用对数?digit 数字?constant 常数?variable 变量??inverse function反函数? complementary function 余函数?linear 一次的，线性的?factorization 因式分解?absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32? round off四舍五入 ?6.有关数论natural number 自然数?positive number 正数?negative number 负数?odd integer, odd number 奇数?even integer, even number 偶数? integer, whole number 整数?positive whole number 正整数?negative whole number 负整数?? consecutive number 连续整数?real number, rational number 实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数??inverse 倒数?composite number 合数 e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……?prime number 质数 e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal 倒数??common divisor 公约数?multiple 倍数?(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数??(prime) factor (质)因子?common factor 公因子??ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制?nonnegative 非负的??tens 十位?units 个位??mode众数?median 中数??common ratio 公比??7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列?geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列??approximate 近似?(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向? cardinal 基数?ordinal 序数?direct proportion 正比?distinct 不同的?estimation 估计，近似? parentheses 括号?proportion 比例?permutation 排列?combination 组合?table 表格?trigonometric function 三角函数? unit 单位,位?几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角? corresponding angle 同位角? vertical angle对顶角?central angle圆心角?interior angle 内角?exterior angle 外角? supplementary angles补角? complementary angle余角? adjacent angle 邻角?acute angle 锐角?obtuse angle 钝角?right angle 直角?round angle周角?straight angle 平角?included angle夹角??2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形? scalene triangle不等边三角形? isosceles triangle等腰三角形? right triangle 直角三角形? oblique 斜三角形?inscribed triangle 内接三角形??3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆?concentric circles 同心圆? quadrilateral四边形?pentagon 五边形?hexagon 六边形?heptagon 七边形?octagon 八边形?nonagon 九边形?decagon 十边形?polygon多边形?parallelogram 平行四边形? equilateral 等边形?plane 平面? square 正方形，平方?rectangle 长方形?regular polygon 正多边形?rhombus 菱形?trapezoid梯形??4.其它平面图形arc 弧?line, straight line 直线?line segment 线段?parallel lines 平行线?segment of a circle 弧形??5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数?rectangular solid 长方体?regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体?circular cylinder 圆柱体?cone圆锥?sphere 球体?solid 立体的??6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高?depth 深度?side 边长?circumference, perimeter 周长? radian弧度?surface area 表面积?volume 体积?arm 直角三角形的股?cross section 横截面?center of a circle 圆心?chord 弦?radius 半径?angle bisector 角平分线?diagonal 对角线?diameter 直径?edge 棱?face of a solid 立体的面? hypotenuse 斜边?included side夹边?leg三角形的直角边?median of a triangle 三角形的中线?base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边? midpoint 中点? endpoint 端点?vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点? tangent 切线的?transversal截线?intercept 截距??7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系? rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系? origin 原点?abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?number line 数轴?quadrant 象限?slope斜率?complex plane 复平面??8.其它plane geometry 平面几何? trigonometry 三角学?bisect 平分?circumscribe 外切?inscribe 内切?intersect相交?perpendicular 垂直?pythagorean theorem勾股定理? congruent 全等的?multilateral 多边的?1.单位类cent 美分?penny 一美分硬币 ?nickel 5美分硬币?dime 一角硬币?dozen 打（12个）?score 廿(20个)?Centigrade 摄氏?Fahrenheit 华氏?quart 夸脱?gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)?yard 码?meter 米?micron 微米?inch 英寸?foot 英尺?minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)? square measure 平方单位制? cubic meter 立方米?pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)??2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天)?common year 平年(365天)? depreciation 折旧?down payment 直接付款?discount 打折?margin 利润?profit 利润?interest 利息?simple interest 单利?compounded interest 复利?dividend 红利?decrease to 减少到?decrease by 减少了?increase to 增加到?increase by 增加了?denote 表示?list price 标价?markup 涨价?per capita 每人?ratio 比率?retail price 零售价?tie 打Chapter onefunction notation方程符号函数符号quadratic functions 二次函数quadratic equations 二次方程式二次等式chapter twoEquivalent algebraic expressions 等价代数表达式rational expression 有理式有理表达式horizontal and vertical translation of functions 函数的水平和垂直的平移reflections of functions 函数的倒映映射chapter threeExponential functions 指数函数exponential decay 指数式衰减exponent 指数properties of exponential functions 指数函数的特性chapter fourTrigonometry 三角学Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 倒数三角函数比Trigonometric functions 三角函数Discrete functions 离散函数数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数，幂 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern次方 the power of n, the nth power开方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, the nth root集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition值域 range常量 constant变量 variable单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列，级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential 导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形 obtuse triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon 圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference周长 perimeter面积 area轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron棱锥 pyramid棱柱 prism棱台 frustum of a prism 旋转 rotation轴 axis圆锥 cone圆柱 cylinder圆台 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph 柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram。
(抱佛脚必备)数学专业英语重点词汇
【Mathematical analysis】1 、上确界(supremum value) 下确界(infimum value)2 、极限(limit) 导数(derivative) 一阶导数(firstderivative) 二阶导数(second derivate)偏导数(partialderivative)方向导数(directional derivative)3 、泰勒展式(Taylor’s expansion) 洛必达法则(L’Hopital’srule) 链式法则(chain rule)连续可微(continuouslydifferentiable)4、微积分 (calculus)微分(differential)级数(series)积分(integral)原函数 (antiderivative)不定积分(indefinite integral)定积分(definite integral)5 、调和级数(harmonic series)马克劳林级数(Maclaurin series)交错级数 (alternating series)傅里叶级数(Fourier series)6 、二重积分(double integral)三重积分(triple integral)多重积分(multiple integral) 格林公式(Green’s formula)斯托克斯定理(Stokes’ theorem)7、收敛(convergence)发散(divergence)一致收敛(uniformly convergent)绝对收敛(absolutely convergent)条件收敛(conditionally convergent) 连续(continuity) 一致连续(uniformly continuous)8 、指数函数(exponential function)对数函数(logarithmicfunction)幂函数(power function)初等函数(elementary function)三角函数(trigonometric function) 调和函数(harmonic function) 周期函数(periodic function) 可微函数(differential function)单调函数(monotonefunction)9 、素数(prime number) 正数(positive number) 负数(negative number) 相反数(opposite number) 自然数(natural number) 有理数(rational number)无理数(irrational number)实数(real number)虚数(imaginarynumber)复数(complex number) 10、等式(equality)不等式(inequality)三角不等式(triangle inequality)勾股定理(Pythagorean theorem)无穷大(infinity)无穷小(infinitesimal)【Linear algebra】1、向量(vector)秩(rank)行列式(determinant)线性方程(linear equation)2 、奇异矩阵(singular matrix)可逆矩阵(invertible matrix)逆矩阵(inverse matrix) 转置矩阵(transposed matrix)酉矩阵(unitary matrix)对称矩阵(symmetric matrix)正定矩阵(positive definite matrix)负定矩阵(negative definitematrix) 雅克比矩阵(Jacobian matrix)3 、迹(trace)主子式(principle minor)代数余子式(algebraic cofactor)4 、二次型(quadratic form)标准型(normal form)最小多项式(minimal polynomial) 特征多项式(characteristicpolynomial)约当块(Jordan block)5 、特征值(eigenvalue)特征向量(eigenvector)约当标准型(Jordan canonical form)6 、几何重数(geometric multiplicity)可对角矩阵(diagonalizable matrix) 【Analytic Geometry】1 、平面几何(plane geometry) 立体几何(solid geometry)射影几何(projective geometry)代数几何(algebraicgeometry)黎曼几何(Riemann geometry)微分几何(differential geometry)几何分析(geometryanalysis)分形几何(fractal geometry)2 、平行线(parallel line) 中线(median line) 直线(straightline) 垂直线(vertical line)水平线(horizontal line)切线(tangent line)法线(normal line)3 、抛物线(parabola)椭圆(ellipse)双曲线(hyperbola)斜率(slope) 【Complex analysis】1 、解析函数(holomorphic function) 留数定理(residualtheorem) 柯西积分公式 (Cauchy’s integral formula)2 、定义域(domain) 值域(range) 像(image) 中值定理(mean value theorem)3 、凸函数(convex function) 凸集(convex set) 变分不等式(variational inequality) 变分法(calculus of variation)线性规划(linear programming)【Real analysis】1 、测度(measure) 可测函数(measure function) 可积函数(integrable function) 平方可积函数(square integrablefunction)黎曼积分(Riemann integral) 勒贝格积分(Lebesgue integral)【Functional analysis】1 、内积(inner product) 向量积(cross product)范数(norm)2 、向量空间(vector space)距离空间(distance space)拓扑空间(topological space) 测度空间(measure space)线性空间(linear space)内积空间(inner product space) 希尔伯特空间(Hilbert space) 赋范空间(normed space) 巴拿赫空间(Banach space)完备空间(complete space)可分空间(separable space) 概率空间(probability space)3 、有穷维的(finite dimensional)无穷维的(infinitedimensional)基底(basis) 线性相关(linear dependence) 线性无关(linear independence) 最佳逼近(bestapproximation ) 最大值原理( maximum principle) 比较原理( comparison principle)最小二乘(least squares)4、泛函(functional)线性算子(linear operator)有界线性算子(bounded linear operator) 有界线性泛函(boundedlinear functional) 闭图像定理(closed graph theorem)一致有界定理(uniform boundedness principle)不动点定理(fixed point theorem)压缩映照定理(contraction mapping theorem)【Supplements】1 、引理(lemma)推论(corollary)公理(axiom)命题(proposition)猜想(conjecture) 数学归纳法(mathematical induction) 充分性(sufficiency) 必要性(necessity) 反例(counterexample)2、加法(addition)减法(subtraction)乘法(multiplication)除法(division)3、理想(ideal)环(ring)单位(unit)陪集(coset)群(group)域(field)置换群(permutation group)有限群(finite group)同态(homomorphism) 同构(isomorphism)维数(dimension)4 、抽象代数(abstract algebra) 广义函数论(theory of distribution) 弦理论(stringtheory) 随机变量(random variable) 动力系统(dynamical system) 偏微分方程(partial differentialequation)。
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10
Function f
2 Example: f ( x ) ax bx c , a 0. The function of x
equals a times the square of x plus b times x plus c, where a is not equal to zero.
6
Signs of elementary algebra
Absolute value
Example: 2 x 1 7 The absolute value of 2 times x plus 1 equals 7
n ! Factorial n
Example: 5! 5 4 3 2 1 Factorial 5 equals 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times1
x3 x4 xn
x cubed x to the fourth ,or x to the power four x to the nth ,or x to the power n x to the power minus n x inverse (square) root x, the square root of x cube root (of) x
8
xn x 1
Example:
3
x x
4 n
x x
fourth root (of) x
nth root (of) x
Example: 24 16 Two to the fourth power is sixteen
( x y )2 x plus y all squared x 2 ( ) x over y all squared y
Example: 3 x 8 x is greater than or equal to minus 3 and less than or equal to 8 , Be far less than, be far greater than Example: c 6 c is far greater than minus 6
7
max, min maximum value, minimum value Eample: max f ( x) Maximum value of f(x)
max(a1 ,an ) Maximum value of the series
a1 to an Powers and roots Example: x 2 x squared
6
x belongs to A x A x is an element (or a member) of A
x A
x does not belong to A x is not an element (or a member) of A
A B A is contained in B or A is a subset of B
A B A contains B or B is a subset of A
A B A cap B or A meet B or A intersection B A B A cup B or A join B or A union B
A\ B
A minus B or the difference between A and B
Imaginary number and two common irrational numbers
, ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter,approximate value 3.1415926
9
1 x ) i 1, e lim(1 x x
, Be less than, be greater than
Example: a b, c d a is less than b, c is greater than d
, Be less than or equal to, be greater than or equal to
Σ
The sum of the terms indicated,summation of Example:
s
n=1
5
n
The sum of sn from n equals 1 to 5
The product of the s indicated
Example:
a
n 1
n
Product of all an from n equals 1 to infinity
Approach, tend to Example: an an approaches (tends to ) infinity
infinity xn a The limit of x as n approaches Example: lim n n infinity is a. lim limit Example:lim f ( x ) A The limit of f(x) as x tends to x x0 x0 is A 11
3
Expressions of some basic mathematical signs: 1. General signs of operation
+ Plus, positive Example: 2+3 read as two plus three
- Minus, negative
Example: 6-2 read as six minus two ± Plus or minus, Positive or negative Example: x 3, read as x equals plus or minus 3 Multiplied by, times Example: 5 6 read as 5 times 6 or 5 multiplied by 6 Over or is to or divided by 3 Example: read as 3 over 4, three quarters, 4 3 divided by 4
Be equal to, equals Be identical with/to, be equivalent to
Example: c 5 read as c is identical with (to) 5, c is equivalent to 5
5
Be not equal to
Example: lim The limit as x approaches zero x0
lim The limit as x approaches zero x 0
from above
x 0
lim The limit as x approaches zero
from below
0
Half open(closed) interval [a, b) or (a, b] The half open interval [a, b) refers to the set of all real numbers x between left endpoint a to the right endpoint b (including a but not b) with a x b
Some signs in elemetary analysis
Intervals Open interval (a , b) The open interval (a , b) refers to the set of all real numbers x between left endpoint a to the right endpoint b(excluding a and b)with a<x<b. Closed interval [a , b] The closed interval [a , b] refers to the set of all real numbers x between left endpoint a to the right endpoint b (including a and b) with a xb
Rational numbers(Q) Integers(Z)
Fractions(F)
Natural numbers(N), Zero, Negatives of Natural Numbers Notice: Reading of Integers one, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, hundred thousand, million. Ten million, hundred million, billion· · ·
2
Some English expressions of numbers:
The set of numbers consists of real numbers and pure imaginary numbers shown as follows
Complex numbers(C) Pure imaginary numbers(I) Real numbers(R) Irrational numbers(Q´)
,
4
: Proportion
0 0
Example: 1 : 2 read as the ratio of 1 to 2 Percent, Per cent Example: 2 0 read as 2 Percent
0
‰ Permille, per mille
Example: 5‰ read as 5 per mille 2. Basic signs of relationships