动词不定式小结

动词不定式小结
动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为：not to+动词原形，动词不定式在句子中不能单独作谓语，但可作主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语和状语等。

1. 作主语
动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语—动词不定式移到句子后面，以避免头重脚轻。

如：
It’s necessary for us to take one hour’s exercise every day. 对我们来说每天进行一小时的锻炼非常必要。

It usually takes me 15 minutes to ride my bike to school. 骑自行车来上学通常花费我15分钟。

2. 作宾语
⑴常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, decide, plan, forget 等。

如：
Don’t forget to say “Thank you” when someone has helped you. 当有人帮助你的时候，别忘了说声“谢谢”。

I work very hard because I don’t want to let m y parents down. 我努力学习，因为我不想让父母失望。

⑵know, tell, show, decide等动词后也可接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。

如：If you want to know how to use the mobile phone, you’d better read the instructions first. 如果你想知道如何使用手机，你最好先看说明书。

There are so many kinds of sweaters here. I can’t decide w hich one to choose。

这儿有那么多种毛衣，我不能决定挑选哪一个。

⑶find, think等动词后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语。

如：
We find it important for teenagers to learn team spirit. 我们发现学习团队精神对青少年很重要。

Most young people think it exciting to watch football matches. 大部分年轻人认为观看足球比赛非常令人兴奋。

3. 作宾语补足语
⑴ask, tell, get, wish, order等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，必须带to。

如：Our teacher often tells us not to be late for school. 我们的老师经常告诉我们上学别迟到。

I wish you to succeed. 我希望你成功。

⑵see, watch, hear 等感官动词和make, let, have等使役动词，后接不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to，但在被动语态中to不可省略。

如：
when I see the national flag of China，it makes me feel proud. 当我看到中国国旗的时候，使我感到骄傲。

I often hear them laugh in the next room. 我经常听到他们在隔壁房间笑。

Betty is often seen to help the old man with his housework. 经常看见贝蒂帮助那个老人做家务。

4. 作表语
动词不定式作表语时，常放在系动词之后，构成系表结构。

如：
My dream is to be a dancer when I grow up. 我的梦想是长大当个舞蹈家。

5. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语。

如：
My sister lost the chance to work in Hangzhou. 我姐姐失去了在杭州工作的机会。

Hurry up！It’s time to get up. 快点！该起床了。

6.作状语
动词不定式作状语时，常用于表示动作行为的目的、结果或原因。

⑴表目的
To keep healthy you should take more exercise. 为了保持健康你应该多锻炼。

⑵表结果
I’m lucky enough to visit the Great Wall. 我足够的幸运可以去参观长城。

⑶表原因
The baby is very pleased to see his mother. 这个婴儿看见妈妈非常高兴。

【链接中考】
（）1. Many people think it’s very important ____us ___ learn English well.
(贵阳市)
A. for, to
B. to, to
C. with, for
（）2.—Li lei, summer vacation is coming. Where will you go? (新疆乌鲁木齐) —I decide to Mount Emei
A. go
B. will go
C. going
D. to go
（）3. Our teacher often asks us____________ questions in groups. (北京市)
A. discuss
B. to discuss
C. discussing
D. discussed
（）4. Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us. (哈尔滨市)
A. to know
B. knowing
C. know
（）5. The young man was often seen by the lake. (济南市)
A. to draw
B. to drawing
C. draw
D. drew
（）6. Who was the first one ? (济南市)
A. to reach
B. to arrive
C. to get to
D. arrive at
（）7. In order the world a friendly plane, one must show a friendly face.
(乐山市).
A. to make
B. making
C. to make
D. make。