最新合成孔径雷达图像特征

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Courtesy of CCRS
Courtesy of CCRS
为什么要削弱斑点噪声
The presence of speckle noise must be considered before further analysis
Reduction of speckle noise allow:
合成孔径雷达图像特征
光学与SAR成像差异,地形起伏引起的位移方向相反 (Copyright, CCRS)
Incident Angle(入射角)
(Nominal) Incident angle (名义入射角)
--angle between the radar illumination and the normal to the ground surface. (雷达入射方向和地面法线的夹角) -- the incident angle increases from the near range to the far range (雷达图像的近距到远距,入射角增大)
目标上部的回波比底部 的回波先到达接收天线
目标的顶部发生位移, 相对与底部倒置
i
叠影是透视收缩的极端 情况
源自文库
layover
名义入射角小时,叠影 更显著
Exercise: 区分几何形变?
Understanding geometric distortions from local incident angle 理解几何形变
Incident angle(入射角)
Geometric Characteristics of SAR Imaging (几何特征)
Foreshortening(透视收缩)
Radar shadow(雷达阴影)
Layover(叠影)
Diagram of Foreshortening(透视收缩)
Sketch map of joint contribution(综合贡献示意图)
Fading and speckle(衰退和斑点)
Fading is the variation of amplitude of total radar echo wave (衰退之总雷达回波幅度的变化)
Speckle refers the constructive (相长) and destructive(相消) interference of radar echo waves, appearing in the image as bright or dark (斑点指雷 达回波的相长或相消叠加,在影像上表现为明或 暗)
Better discrimination of scene targets 目标识别 Easier (automatic) image registration 影像匹配 Easier (automatic) image segmentation 图像分割 …
Speckle suppression(斑点抑制)
地形特征压缩.
斜坡面与雷达入射方向 正交(局部入射角为0) 时,透视收缩最严重
i
局部入射角增大时,透 视收缩减弱;当到90度
时,透视收缩消失,但
阴影出现
displacement foreshortening
Diagram of Shadow (阴影)
雷达波没有照射到 的地方
没有回波,暗色调
Local incident angle(局部入射角)
-- angle between the radar LOS and the line normal to the local slope. (雷达入射方向与局部坡度法线的夹角)
loc i
Local incident angle(局部
i
入射角)
Radar total echo wave in a resolution cell is the joint contribution of echo wave from different small scatters within the resolution cell.(分辨单元的雷 达回波是分辨单元内小散射体回波的综合贡献)
Average multiple amplitude image (多图平均)
Degrade temporal resolution
Separate the maximum synthetic aperture into smaller subapertures, generate independent looks (with reduced resolution) at target areas, register and add the looks (子孔 径叠加)
Radiometric Characteristics of SAR Image (辐射特征)
Fading(衰退)
Speckle(斑点)
Fading and speckle(衰退和斑点)
Fading and speckle are the inherent “noise-like” processes in a coherent imaging system (衰退和斑 点是相干成像系统固有的噪声过程)

弱强
弱弱

叠影 00
透视收缩 900
阴影
局部入射角
(Courtesy: CCRS)
ERS-2 image, incidence angles between 24°to 26°
RADARSAT image, incidence angle between 41° and 44°
(Acknowledgement: H. Rott, University of Innsbruck.)
i
高目标的背面容易 出现阴影
Shadowing
局部入射角增大时, 阴影变严重
Example of radar shadow effects under large incidence angle (>45°) illumination. (Copyright, CCRS)
Diagram of Layover (叠影)
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