pragmatics-4
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Regret, aware, realize, know, be sorry that, be proud that, be indifferent that, be glad 13 that , be sad that , be odd, etc.
3.implicative verb: manage, forget, happen, avoid,etc. John managed to open the door. John forget to lock the door.
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5. Iteratives: again, anymore, return, another time, come back, restore, repeat, etc. He came again. 6.verbs of judging E.g. Ian criticized Agatha for running away.
7
The painter broke the window.
1. Someone broke the window. 2. The painter did something to the window. 3. The painters broke something.
8
All sentences have a number of entailments --- other sentences which are automatically true if the original sentence is true. Entailments are inferences that can be drawn solely from our knowledge about the semantic relationships in a language.
3
a. Annie caught a trout. b. Annie caught a fish. c. Annie is thin. d. Annie is not fat. e. Annie baked a cake. f. Annie baked something.
4
OneOne-way Entailment
2
Analytic vs. Synthetic
My mother is a woman. My mother is a doctor. The tiger is unhappy. The tiger is an animal. My mother is a boy. The tiger is a reptile.
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9.comparison E.g. Carol is a better linguist than barbara.
18
Pragmatic Presupposition
1.with the speaker’s or the subject’s speaker’ subject’ beliefs.’ beliefs.’ 2.with the speaker’s or the subject’s speaker’ subject’ attitude and intention. 3.with the speaker’s focus. speaker’ 4.depending on whether the speaker’ speaker’s utterance is suitable to the context. 5. with the common ground
19
6
Tom: What’s your stepmother like? What’ Bob: Well, she’s a woman and she she’ married my father. Dave: There’s your Uncle George. There’ Lucy: That man’s a snake. man’ Jane: You atewenku.baidu.comall the cookies! Steve: I ate some of the cookies.
Pragmatics Language in Use
It’s been an amazing year for Crystal It’ Palace over the past 12 months. The robbery was committed by a pair of identical twins, both are said to be about age 20. Send in your competition answers with your name, age, and how old you are. So you’re a housewife and a mother. you’ Do you have any children?
14
4. Transitional verbs: stop, begin, continue, start, finish, carry on, cease, leave, enter, come, go, arrive, etc. E.g. John stopped beating his child.
a. Goldilocks saw a bear. b. Goldilocks saw an animal. c. This porridge is too cold. d. This porridge is not too hot.
5
TwoTwo-way Entailment
Baby Bear cried. Baby Bear wept. Mama Bear is in front of Papa Bear. Papa Bear is behind Mama Bear.
9
I would only hairdress those who can’ can’t do it by themselves.
10
The Mayor of Manchester is a woman. I regret stepping on your sandwich. He’s stopped turning into a werewolf He’ every full moon. Her husband is a fool.
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7.temporal clauses:before, while, since, after, during, whenever, as, etc. Eg. Before Strawson was even born, Frege noticed. 8.cleft sentence; E.g. It was Henry that ate the rice.
11
I saw my father today. I saw someone today. John is beating Marry. There is a man called John.
12
Presupposition triggers
1. definite descriptions E.g. John saw the man with two heads. 2. Factive verbs E.g. Martha regrets drinking John’s John’ homehome-made wine. John realized that he was in debt.
3.implicative verb: manage, forget, happen, avoid,etc. John managed to open the door. John forget to lock the door.
15
5. Iteratives: again, anymore, return, another time, come back, restore, repeat, etc. He came again. 6.verbs of judging E.g. Ian criticized Agatha for running away.
7
The painter broke the window.
1. Someone broke the window. 2. The painter did something to the window. 3. The painters broke something.
8
All sentences have a number of entailments --- other sentences which are automatically true if the original sentence is true. Entailments are inferences that can be drawn solely from our knowledge about the semantic relationships in a language.
3
a. Annie caught a trout. b. Annie caught a fish. c. Annie is thin. d. Annie is not fat. e. Annie baked a cake. f. Annie baked something.
4
OneOne-way Entailment
2
Analytic vs. Synthetic
My mother is a woman. My mother is a doctor. The tiger is unhappy. The tiger is an animal. My mother is a boy. The tiger is a reptile.
17
9.comparison E.g. Carol is a better linguist than barbara.
18
Pragmatic Presupposition
1.with the speaker’s or the subject’s speaker’ subject’ beliefs.’ beliefs.’ 2.with the speaker’s or the subject’s speaker’ subject’ attitude and intention. 3.with the speaker’s focus. speaker’ 4.depending on whether the speaker’ speaker’s utterance is suitable to the context. 5. with the common ground
19
6
Tom: What’s your stepmother like? What’ Bob: Well, she’s a woman and she she’ married my father. Dave: There’s your Uncle George. There’ Lucy: That man’s a snake. man’ Jane: You atewenku.baidu.comall the cookies! Steve: I ate some of the cookies.
Pragmatics Language in Use
It’s been an amazing year for Crystal It’ Palace over the past 12 months. The robbery was committed by a pair of identical twins, both are said to be about age 20. Send in your competition answers with your name, age, and how old you are. So you’re a housewife and a mother. you’ Do you have any children?
14
4. Transitional verbs: stop, begin, continue, start, finish, carry on, cease, leave, enter, come, go, arrive, etc. E.g. John stopped beating his child.
a. Goldilocks saw a bear. b. Goldilocks saw an animal. c. This porridge is too cold. d. This porridge is not too hot.
5
TwoTwo-way Entailment
Baby Bear cried. Baby Bear wept. Mama Bear is in front of Papa Bear. Papa Bear is behind Mama Bear.
9
I would only hairdress those who can’ can’t do it by themselves.
10
The Mayor of Manchester is a woman. I regret stepping on your sandwich. He’s stopped turning into a werewolf He’ every full moon. Her husband is a fool.
16
7.temporal clauses:before, while, since, after, during, whenever, as, etc. Eg. Before Strawson was even born, Frege noticed. 8.cleft sentence; E.g. It was Henry that ate the rice.
11
I saw my father today. I saw someone today. John is beating Marry. There is a man called John.
12
Presupposition triggers
1. definite descriptions E.g. John saw the man with two heads. 2. Factive verbs E.g. Martha regrets drinking John’s John’ homehome-made wine. John realized that he was in debt.