2020届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试卷(含答案)word版本

2020届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试卷(含
答案)
虹口区2019学年第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
高三英语试卷
2019.12 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Innovations that will change the classroom
American schools are going high - tech. Many symbols we still associate with classrooms and learning, like chalkboards, pens, notebooks - even classrooms (21)
_______ --- are quickly becoming outdated.
As this week marks The Huffington Post’s 10th anniversary, we’ll take a look at some products that (22) _______ (introduce) to classroom in the past decade and have the potential to change the educational landscape in the years (23) _______ (come).
1. Remote Learning
Some schools are cutting down on snow days, thanks to technology. Rather than giving kids the day off (24) _______ weather conditions are too dangerous for commuting, these schools are asking students to follow classroom lessons online.
Although kids (25) _______ (hope) for a snow day may not particularly appreciate these advancements in digital learning, online lessons allow these kids to complete their coursework and still interact with peers. Some students with medical conditions (26) _______ “go” to school via video conferencing or even with the help of robots enabled with video chat that they can control remotely.
2. eBooks
Discovery Education has been replacing traditional textbooks with original “techbooks” for six years. These “techbooks” can also be switched to Spanish or French, Kinney said, (27) _______ allows some parents who don’t speak English to help their kids with their homework.
3. Educational Games
In-class gaming options have evolved to include more educational options. GlassLab creates educational games that are now being used in more than 6,000 classrooms across the country. Teachers get real-time updates on students’ progress as well as suggestions on (28) _______ subjects they need to spend more time perfecting. The Internet and other digital tools have some drawbacks. They’re often distracting, (29) _______ most developments have exciting implications for the future. Over the last 10 years, technological innovations have made education more
interactive, immediate and (30) _______ (personalize), -- and have shown us the potential for more accessible and effective classrooms.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can
How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?
Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit (31) _______ when we finally give up smoking.
Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the (32) _______ of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and (33) _______ of breath.
Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the (34) _______ sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to (35) _______ of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.
Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous (36) _______ in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and (37) _______ bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.
But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost (38) _______ and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates (39) _______. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.
There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually (40) _______. Advice and
support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer
__41__ its third - party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website, . ___42___,domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.
The decision marks an end to a long ___43___ by America’s e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to ___44___ in the face of competition from China’s faster - moving Internet giants.
Amazon has been in talks to ___45___ its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction（交易）, according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from ___46___ e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those ___47___, nor would they say if they are continuing.
In a written statement, Amazon said it remained ___48___ to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services. Amazon China’s president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer - business team will report ___49___ to the company’s global team.
When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the ___50____ of , it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash - on - delivery as their to form of ___51___. Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking for imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n) ___52___ player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.
Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche（细分的）cross - border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25% ___53___ and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.’s Tmall International
Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with ___54___ brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market research’s founder, said American e-commerce giants ___55___ obstacles in China because they didn’t offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.
41. A. assist B. expand C. operate D. tailor
42. A. As a result B. By contrast C. For example D. In addition
43. A. criticism B. negotiation C. struggle D. resolution
44. A. interact B. withdraw C. split D. survive
45. A. associate B. combine C. exchange D. supply
46. A. time - consuming B. long - suffering C. ever - lasting D. consumer - facing
47. A. talks B. businesses C. competitions D. instructions
48. A. related B. accustomed C. exposed D. committed
49. A. automatically B. directly C. regularly D. secretly
50. A. breakdown B. improvement C. purchase D. participation
51. A. refund B. payment C. sponsorship D. trade
52. A. complicated B. critical C. original D. insignificant
53. A. share B. budget C. volume D. maximum
54. A. foreign B. luxurious C. domestic D. fashionable
55. A. dealt with B. forgot about C. got through D. came across
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. English passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., will bring about a point in history when A. I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.
The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A. I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.
Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A. I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs -- mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.
This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?
Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower - paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A.I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen -- professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?
The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that A. I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.
Other volunteer jobs may be higher - paying and professional, such as compassionate medial service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.
56. In what aspect is the A. I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution?
A. The A.I. revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.
B. A. I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.
C. Higher - paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I. revolution.
D. It may bring about mass unemployment to matter how much employees are paid.
57. The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. promotional
B. demanding
C. guaranteed
D. potential
58. What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I. revolution?
A. It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.
B. People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.
C. The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.
D. Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.
59. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
A. The A.I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.
B. Challenges the A. I. Revolution Brings to Job Market.
C. A Double - edged Sword: the A.I. Revolution.
D. Interrelationship between A.I. and Unemployment.
(B)
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B. ①③④
C. ②③④
D. ①②③
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(C)
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主义智囊团）whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method -- develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review”
because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新颖性）and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
63. Distrust in science has been found because _________.
A. scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B. most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C. a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D. someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
64. Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A. A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B. A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D. True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
65. What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.
A. Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B. It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical
C. The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D. Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more
Is Multitasking Always Good?
Not only do smart-phones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have steeped in. __67__ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.
__68__ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger or pulling out your phone.
Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things -- for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.
Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand - held phone while still allowing hands - free calls. Yet hands - free or hand - held makes no difference.
__69__ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and road, and that affects performance.
Please sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority
of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.
People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits.
___70___ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least , be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much -- or how little -- they are paying attention.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main
point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. The Zeigarnik Effect
Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life. The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.
The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.
The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.
The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 导游让游客相信不少欧洲小镇确实值得看一看。

(convince)
73. 如果你不清楚如何进行生活垃圾分类，不妨登录相关网站进行查询。

(sort)
74. 这部新上映的电影刻画的是生活中最微不足道的小事会如何影响我们的人生轨迹。

(feature)
75. 正因为大量健身步道的投入使用，越来越多的上海市民开始了定期户外锻炼，“每天一万步”一成为都市新风尚。

(It)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。

人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。

你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由。

参考答案
21. themselves 22. have been introduced 23. to come 24. when / if
25. hoping 26. can 27. which 28. what 29. But 30. personalized
31. G 32. C 33. I 34. A 35. E 36. B 37. K 38. F 39. J 40. H
41 - 45 CACBB 46 - 50 DADBC 51 - 55 BDACD
56 - 59 DDAB 60 - 62 CBC 63 - 66 DACA
67 - 70 CAEB
71. The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in student s’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.
72. 导游让游客相信不少欧洲小镇确实值得看一看。

（convince）
The tour guide convinced the tourists that many / quite a few European towns / towns in Europe were really / definitely / indeed / well worth seeing / visiting / a visit. 73. 如果你不清楚如何进行生活垃圾分类，不妨登录相关网站进行查询。

(sort) If you don’t know how to sort the household wastes / trash / rubbish, you’d better/ might as well consult / refer to / make inquiries / inquire about them on a relevant website. (If you don’t know: you’d better / might as well)
74. 这部新上映的电影刻画的是生活中最微不足道的小事会如何影响我们的人生轨迹。

(feature)
The / This newly - released movie features how the tiniest incidents in our life can have an impact / effect on what our life will be like / the course of our life.
75. 正因为大量健身步道的投入使用，越来越多的上海市民开始了定期户外锻炼，“每天一万步”已成为都市新风尚。

(It)
It is because a large number of fitness / jogging / hiking trails have been but use that more and more Shanghai citizens get / become engaged in / take (up) / do / take part in regular outdoor exercise / regular exercise outdoors and 10,000 steps a day has become a new urban trend / fashion.。