[vip专享]lesson 14高级英语
高级英语14课单词
bush adj. bush-league[美国俚语]；(棒球等)职业体育运动小联合会的；第二流棒球队的; second-rate 低级的二流的例Critics tend to regard him as a bush writer. 评论家往往把他看成是二流作家。
beget v. cause to exist or occur; produce 使存在使发生产生例Hate begets hate. 怨怨相报。
"When will the retribution, "holdout n. one that withholds agreement or consent upon which progress is contingent坚持不合作者例You have to persuade those holdouts if you want to carry out this plan. 如果你想推行这个计划就必须说服那些坚持不合作的人。
pacesetter['pessɛtɚ]n. (also called pacemaker) a leader in a field 带头人例the fashion house that is thepacemaker 起带头作用的时装商店sitcom n. a situation comedy 情景喜剧live broadcast while actually being performed; not taped, filmed, or recorded 现场直播的并非录制的例 a live television program 现场直播的电视节目preempt v. appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others 抢先占有优先占有例Their new launched product preempted the local market. 他们最新投放的产品抢先占有了当地市场。
高级英语第二册第十四课学习辅导资料
paigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,”are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the m ighty has fallen. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragg ing w as “bush” Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to assert how special it was.’t the top anym ore, at least if the top is m easured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step with Am erican politics. Once it was the nation’s undisputed fashion authority, but it too long resisted the incom ing casual style and lost its m onopoly. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing Am erican trends, a place to escape Comm on Denom inator Land.ore and m ore evident. A dozen other cities have buildings m ore inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBCSym phony once played now sit empty m ost of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preem pt the airways from California. Tin Pan Alley has m oved to Nashville and Hollywood. Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sum s to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. In sports, the bigger superdom es, the m ore exciting teams, them ost enthusiastic fans, are often found elsewhere.–being regarded as unfriendly, unsafe, overcrowded, and expensive –but it is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction. Even so, m ost Americans would probably rate New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington, or Disneyland higher. A dozen other cities, including m yhom etown of Seattle, are widely considered better cities to live in.any Europeans call New York their favorite city? They take m ore readily than do m ost Americans to its cosm opolitan com plexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures. Perhaps som e of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international nam es – the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich. But no; what m ost excites Europeans is the city’s charged, nervous atm osphere, its vulgar dynam ism .share of articulate losers, it is also about m ockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.e. And though I have lived there m ore than half m y life, you won’t find m e wearing an “I Love New York”T-shirt. But all in all, I can’t think of m any places in the world I’d rather live. It’s not easy to define why.’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. You never see a star-filledsky; the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens. Sunsets can be spectacular: oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey m eadows and gaudily reflected in a thousand windows on Manha ttan’s jagged skyline. Nature constantly yields to m an in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cem ent and petrol fum es. Central Park, which Frederick Law Olm sted designed as lungs for the city’s poor, i s in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer pristine yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people, largely youths, blacks, and Puerto Ricans, enjoying them selves. On park benches sit older people,m ostly white, looking displaced. It has becom e less a tranquil park than an untidy carnival.our of the city, which never beckoned to m e from a distance, but itsopportunity –to practice the kind of journalism I wanted –drew me to New York. I wasn’t even sure how I’d m easure up against others who had been m ore soundly educated at Ivy League schools, or whether I could com pete against that tough local breed, those intellectual sons of immigrants, so highly m otivated and single-minded, such as Alfred Kazin, who for div ersion (for heaven’t sake!) played Bach’s Unaccompanied Partitas on the violin.ost banal and m arketable of one’s talents, still draws m any of the young to New York. That and, as always, the com pany of others fleeing som ething constricting where they cam e from. Together these young share a freedom, a community of inexpensive am usements, a casualliving, and som e rough tim es. It can’t be the living conditions that appeal, for only fond mem ory will forgive the inconvenience, risk, and squalor. Comm ercial Broadway m ay be inaccessible to them, but there is off- Broadway, and then off-off-Broadway. If painters disdain Madison Avenue’s plush art galleries, Madison Avenue dealers set up shop in the grubby precincts of Soho. But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated. The artistic young inhabit the sam e Greenwich Village and its fringes in which the experim entalists in the arts lived during the Depression, united by a world against them. But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses. And it is not all that estranged.ost respects from mainland America, but in two areas it remains dominant. It is the banking and the comm unications headquarters for America. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. Wall Street will advance the m illions to m ake a Hollywood m ovie only if convinced that a bestselling title o r a star name will ensure its success. The networks’ news centers are here, and the largest book publishers, and the biggest m agazines – and therefore the largest body of critics to appraise the films, the plays, the m usic, the books that others have created. New York is a judging town, and often invokes standards that the rest of the country deplores or ignores. A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.arkets and devising the catchy jingles that will m ove m illions from McDonald’s to Burger king, so that the adagency’s “creative director”can lunch instead in Manhattan’s expense-account French restaurants. The bankers and the admen. The m arketing specialists and a thousand well-paid ancillary service people, really set the city’s brittle tone— catering to a wide American public whose num bers m ust be respected but whose tastes do not have to shared. The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers— as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.surprised by the lack of cynicism, particularly am ong the younger ones, of those who work in such fields. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delights in much of it, and has no scruples about practicing it. Men and wom an do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bom bed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it. They lead their real lives elsewhere, in the Village bars they are indistinguishable in dress or behavior from would-be artists, actors, and writers. The boundaries of “art for art’s sake” aren’t so rigid anym ore; art itself is less sharply defined, and those whose paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’ get acting jobs do comm ercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the m agazines. Besides, serious art often feeds in the popular these days, changing it with fond irony.e the newcom ers find or from their won worlds; Manhatten is m any such words, huddled together but rarely interaction. I think this is what gives the city itssense of freedom. There are enough like you, whatever you are. And it isn’t asnecessary to know anything about an apartm ent neighbor- or to worry about his judgm ent of you- as it is about som eone with an adjoining yard. In New York, like seeks like, and by econom y of effort excludes the rest as stranger. This distancing, this uncaring in ordinary encounters, has another side: in no other Am erican city can the lonely be as lonely.uch m ore needs to be said. New Your is a wounded city, declining in its am enities . Overloaded by its tax burdens. But it is not dying city; the streets are safer than they were five years age; Broadway, which seem ed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again.enace, the noise, the brusqueness- all confirm outsiders in their conviction that they wouldn’t live here if you gave them the place. Yet show a New Yorker a splendid hom e in Dallas, or a swimming pool and cabana in Beverly Hills, and he will be admiring but not envious. So m uch of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. Too static, the New Yorker would say. Tell him about the vigor of your outdoor pleasures; he prefers the unhealthy hassle andthe vitality of urban life. He is hopelessly provincial. To him New York- despite its faults,which her will impat iently concede (“so what else is new?”) — is the spoiler of all other American cities.erican cities to visit first-rate art m useum s, to hear good m usic and see lively experim ental theater, to m eet intelligent and sophisticated people who know how to live, dine, and talk well; and to enjoy all this in congenial and spacious surroundings. The New Yorkers still wouldn’t want to live there.issing is what m any outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York –its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracingcom petitiveness; the rigor of its judgm ents; and the congested, dem ocratic presence of so m any other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds, the defeated are not hidden away som ewhere else on the wrong side of town. In the subways, in the buses, in the streets, it is impossible to avoid people whose lives are harder than yours. With the desperate, the ill, the fatigued, the overwhelm ed, one learns not to strike upcon versation (which isn’t wanted ) but to m ake brief, sy m pathetic eye contact, to include them in the hum an race. It isn’t m uch, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each jealous of his privacy in the crowd. Ever helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt: a m an, rushing the traffic light, shouts the m an behind him. “ You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?” — great scorn in the word Jersey, hom e of drivers who don’t belong here.’s definition, New York is m ongrel city. It is in fact the first truly international m etropolis. No other great city- not London, Paris, Rom e or Tokyo- plays host (or hostage) to so m any nationalities. The m ix is m uch wider- Asians, Africans, Latins - that when that tumultuous variety of European crowded ashore at Ellis Island.The newcom ers are never fully absorbed, but are added precariously to the undigested many.20 New York is too big to be dom inated by any group, by Wasps or Jews or blacks, or by Catholics of m any origins —Irish, Italian, Hispanic. All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be reckoned with and tough in asserting their claim s, but none is powerful enough to subdue the others. Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable m ixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical. But New Yorkers them selves are in training in how to live together in a diversity of races- the necessary initiation into the future.education in sights and sm ells. There is wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the m ost successful of such places are likely to touristy hybridcom prom ises, they too have genuine roots. Other Am erican cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an adm ixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions . In the sam e way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and m ean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and m usic. The com bination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that som etimes becom es a real toleration.es a m atter of alternating m oods, often inthe sam e day. The place constantly exasperates , at times exhilarates . To m e it is the city of unavoidable experience. Living there, one has the reassurance of steadily confronting life.(from the Atlantic, Sept. 1978)NOTES1. Griffith: Thom as Griffith (1915--), Am erican writer and editor. Since 1974 he has been press colum nist, Time magazine; staff contributor, For-tune magazine; colum nist, Atlantic Monthly. He is an uprooted westerner who now calls New York hom e. Publications: The Waist-High Culture; How True? --A Sceptic 's Guide to Believing the News.2. the Big Apple: any large city; specifically New York City3. bush: rustic, countrified, belonging to sm all towns4. Comm on Denom inator Land: uniformity, comm onness, sam eness, the m onotonous, the hum drum5. sitcom s: situation com edies; a radio or television series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of unconnected episodes6. cloned: grown like a clone, all the descendants being derived asexually from a single individual. Cloned and canned: produced and packed, all ready for immediate consum ption (showing).7. Johnny Carson: a m an who runs a late night talk show8. Nashville: Capital of Tennessee State, center of rock-and-roll9. Vegas: sam e as Las Vegas. See text I, exercise I.10. superdom es: extra big sport stadiums11. convention city: city where conventions (assem blies of m embers or delegates of a political, social, professional, or religious group) are regularly held.12. Madison: Madison Avenue13. Fifth: Fifth Avenue, fam ous for fashionable shops14. Whaddya gonna do?: What are you going to do? Connoting a cool lack of concern; indifference; nonchalance.15. Jersey: Jersey City16. Ivy League schools: referring to prominent north-eastern universities in the U.S., such as, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Colum bia and others. It connotes a certain degree of wealth, sophistication, re finem ent, social prominence, and the like.17. Kazin: Alfred Kazin (1915)), Am erican critic. Publications: On Native Grounds ; The Inm ost Leaf; Contemporaries ; and Bright Book of Life.18. Commercial Broadway: The New York comm ercial theater or entertainment industry19.off-off-Broadway: an avant-garde theatrical m ovem ent in New York that stresses untraditional techniques and radical experim entation. Its relation to off-Broadway being analogous to the relation of off-Broadway to Broadway.20. Soho: a district in New York. By the early 1970s the artist colony had shift- ed from Greenwich Village to Soho.21. best-selling title: title of best-selling books22. star nam e: nam e of star actor or actress23. networks: radio and television networks24. McDonald's : McDonald' s chain restaurant selling hamburger25. Burger King: a chain restaurant whose specialty is hamburger26. lunch in expense-account French restaurants: to lunch in expensive French restaurants with the bill being paid by the com pany or em ployer27. hype: extravagant prom otional advertising28. popular: pop art; a realistic art style, using techniques and popular subjects adapted from commercial art and the mass communications m edia29. Beverly Hills: city in California, surrounded by Los Angeles, fam ous for luxurious hom es of rich Hollywood actors and actresses30. So what else is new?: there is nothing new in what you say; connoting the listener is not im pressed nor interested31. You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?: Do you want to be knocked down by a car carrying a Jersey license plate? Connoting that the m an should have som e pride in being a New Yorker and not let him self be run over by a car from Jersey.32. touristy hybrid com prom ises: a m ixture of different racial characteristics which attracts tourists33. ethnic turfs: districts or areas inhabited by foreign-born Am ericansAims1)Im proving students’ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students’ability to m ake a creative reading;3)Enhancing students’ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives;4)Helping students to understand som e difficult words and expressions;5)Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;6)Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.Teaching Contents1)Background Knowledge2)Exposition3)Detailed Study of the Essay4)Organization Pattern5)Style and Language Features6)Special Difficulties课文讲解部分1. Background Knowledge1) About the author Thom as Griffith2) About New York City2. Exposition/~arnetha/expowrite/info.html3. Detailed study on Loving and hating New YorkPara.1-5 General introduction — setting forth the present status of New York in the United States and in the eye’s of foreignersTask: Collect evidence to show that “ How the m ighty has fallen.”New York = Big Apple = Mighty—Advertising campaigns publicly praise New York;—Many New Yorkers wear T-shirts with a heart design and the works “ I love New York”—New York is trying desperately to regain her lost prestige and status.Para.2-3: New York: Yesterday & TodayNew York CityYesterday TodayTop, highest, biggest isn’t any m oreLeading city sets styles and trends of nation out of phase with ______ as out of step withUndisputed fashion authority lost its undisputed leadershipLooked up to and im itated no longer so“Nowadays New York is out of phase with Am erican taste “—Nowadays New York connot understand nor follow the taste of the Am erican people and is often in disagreem ent with American politics.“No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends” —Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority, it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and comm onness.Question:1) From where we can see New York’s deficiencies as a pacesetter are m ore and m ore evident?—Building—Manhattan television studios—Tin Pan Alley—Hiring singers and entertainers—Sports2) The technique used to support author’s view is___________.Para.4: New York: in the eyes of AmericansCom eback: 1 a : a sharp or witty reply : retort b : a cause for com plaint 2 : a return to a form er position or condition (as of success or prosperity) :recovery, revival Para5 New York: in the eyes of foreigner.Question: Why do m any Europeans call New York their favorite city?—Cosm opolitan complexities—European standards—Mixture of m any foreigners—Many jewelers, shoe stores and designers shops—Familiar international nam es—Tense, restless atm osphere; its energetic pulse“… and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.”These shops are set up to cheat and gratify the vanity of the silly rich peoplePara 6 New York: energy, contention and strivingConvention: angry disagreem entStriving: trying very hard to achieve or to defeat the othersPut-down: ( inform al) a remark or criticism intended to m ake the others feel stupid (令人难堪的话，噎人的话)“To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.”— A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety ( because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition); a person who loses has to live am ong the defeated, who are in the m ajority in New York.Para.7: New York in author’s eyes.“New York was never Mecca to m e”Rhetorical devices em ployed in this sentence are: __________ and ___________.The author com pares New York to Mecca; and Mecca is standing for _______________.A place of holy pilgrimage, of a place one yearns to go.Para 8: New York: NatureQuestions:1) The topic sentence is ___________________.2) The rhetorical device employed in “ Nature constantly yields to m an in New York” is __________.3) Are there any other places uses the sam e rhetorical device as m entioned above? What’s the function of it?Para.9 New York: Opportunities & uncertainnessQuestions:1) What do “Ivy League Schools” refer to?2) Why did writer go and live in New York?Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyesQuestion: Why do young people still go to New York?—testing themselves—unwilling to surrender to their m ost comm on and easily sold talents—the fierce competition and challenge—standards of excellence dem anded“But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated.”—But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohem ian life style can be esaggerated. “But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses.”As these young writers and artists have distinct cultural patterns of their own, m any businessm en open up profitable boutiques and coffeehouses to cater to their special tastes and interests.“And it is not all that estranged” “It” probably m eans _______________.Para.11: New York: A judging town“A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”—In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable.Para12: New York: An advertising CenterQuestion:1) The rhetorical device used in “The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s …” is _________. And “ The condescending view is the view of __________.2) In sentence “So does an attitude which sees….” The author com pares ______ to ______.Para 13: New York : Lack of cynicismTask: Collect evidence to show New York is lack of cynicism In sentence “ Men and wom en do their jobs professionally and, like pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi …” the author compares_______ to ______.Para 14: New York: FreedomWhat gives the city its sense of freedom?Para 15: New York: Wounded not dyingAmenity: the attractiveness and value of real estate or of a residential structureTo succum b to: to fail to resist an attack, illness, temptationPara 16-18: New York: N ew Yorkers’ LoveNew Yorker who sees all the faults of the city still prefer to live in New YorkNew York’s faults:—Trash-strewn streets—Unruly school—Uneasy feeling or m enace—The noise—The brusqueness“He is hopeless provincial”—He will always be a New Yorker. His attitude towards and his love for New York will never change“New York … is the spoiler of all other American cities”—New York has spoiled all the other American cities for him.Para 19-10 New York: International MetropolisWhy is New York called an international m etropolis?Para.22: Loving and Hating New York1. exasperate: to excite the anger of; to cause irritation or annoyance to2. exhilarate: to m ake cheerful; to excite“The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarat es.”—New York constantly irritates and annoys very m uch but at tim es it also invigorates and stimulates.Oral practice: Talking about the following questions:1. What is the main them e of this article? Where is it specifically stated?2. What technique does the writer use to develop his m ain them e? Is the technique effective? Cite exam ples.3. Comm ent on the diction of the writer. Pick out term s and phrases that you think are peculiarly American.4. Does the writer really both love and hate New York? Cite exam ples to back up your analysis.5. How m any paragraphs would you regard as being the introductory paragraphs. Why?6. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 8? How is the paragraph developed?7. Explain fully the following sentence from paragraph 11: “A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”8. Pick out som e figures of speech which you think the writer has usid m ost effectively. Cite your reasons.Paraphrase:1. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste (Para 2)2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends. (Para 2)3. Sitcom s cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves from California (Para 3)4. It is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction (Para 4)5. To win in New York is to be uneasy (Para 6)6. Nature’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. (Para 8)7. The city ‘s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens (Para 8)8. But the purity of a bohem ian de dication can be exaggerated. (Para 10)9. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. (Para 11)10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype (Para 13)11. Those who are writing am bitious novels sustain them selves on the m agazines. (Para 13)12. Broadway, which seem ed to be succum bing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again (Para 15)13. He prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life (Para 16)14. The defeated are not hidden away som e where else on the wrong side of town. (Para 18)15. The place constantly exasperates, at tim es exhilarates. (Para 22)4. Organization Pattern1) The thesis: Loving and hating New York or m ore specifically: Loving and hating New York becom es a m atter of alternating m oods, often in the sam e day.2) The thesis developed by both objective and em otional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers3) The structural organization of this essay: clear and sim ple5. Style and Language Features1) Full of Am erican English terms, phrases and constructions.T-shirtholdoutcom ebackput-downexpense-accountadmanhigh-risemeasure up2) Use of various rhetorical devices:metaphorpersonificationmetonym ytransferred epithetalliterationsim ilesynecdocheironyeuphem ism/carroll/faq3.htmlto6. Special Difficulties1) Identifying and understanding Am ericanisms in this essay2) Som e terms/phrases/structuresout-of-phasetelevision generationeconom y of effortwrong sidesitcom s cloned and cannedMeccameasure up againstIvy League schoolscommercial Broadway/off-Broadway/off-off-Broadway Madison Avenue/Wall Streetlike seeks likeWasps词汇(Vocabulary)bush (adj.) : rustic，countrified，belonging to small towns粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的beget (v.) : bring into being；produce使产生，引起，招致holdout (n.) : [Americanism]a place that holds out [美语]坚固据点deficiency (n.) : the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage 缺乏，缺少，欠缺；缺陷，不足之处pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as a model标兵sitcom (n.) : [口]situation comedy的缩略clone (v.) : derive all the descendants asexually from a single individual无性繁殖preempt (v.) : radio and TV]replace(a regularly scheduled program)[广播、电视]先占，先取得casino (n.) : a public room or building for entertainments．dancing，or，now specifically，gambling 俱乐部，娱乐场；(现尤指)赌场nightspot (n.) : nightclub夜总会bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle；defraud欺骗，蒙骗dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic，vigorous，etc．推动力；活力，精力，劲头put—down (n.) : [American slang]a belittling remark or crushing retort[美俚]贬低的话；反驳；无礼的回答foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged立足点，据点jostle (v.) : bump or push，as in a crowd；elbow or shove roughly(在人群中)拥挤；用肘推；撞proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near；nearness in space，time，etc．最近；接近；(地方，时间等)最接近obscure (v.) : darken；make dim使黑暗；使朦胧tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to着上(淡)色gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in good taste；cheaply brilliant and ornate华丽而俗气的，炫丽的。
listen to this：高级英语听力 lesson 14
listen to this：高级英语听力 lesson 14 Lesson FourteenSection One： News in BriefTapescript1. State Department spokesman Bernard Kalb resigned today be-cause of the Reagan Administration's alleged disinformation cam-paign against Libya. The Washington Post reported last week thatthe administration planted false information about Libya in an effortto destabilize the government of Muammar Ouddafi. Kalb todav didnot confirm or deny that such a campaign tool,-- place, but he said re-ports about it had damaged the credibility of the US. The State De-partment would not comment on Kalb's resignation.2. The State Department todav criticized the Nicaraguan govern-ment for allegedly refusing to grant US officials access to EugeneHasenfus. He's the survivor of Sunday's plane crashinsideNicaragua. State Department spokesman Charles Redmond.'Ourrepresentative was not received by the Nicaraguan government. Andwe view this with the utmost seriousness. The renderingof consularservices is an essential part of the function of an embassy. TheSandinista government has once again taken action to make thatfunction difficult and has raised the question of whether, indeed, aUS embassy can function normally within Nicaragua. We franklycannot accept the delay in granting consular access since theSandinista government has apparently gone to some lengths to pa-rade Mr. Hasenfus before the press, and considering the fact that agovernment spokesman stated clearly last night onAmerican televi-sion that access would be granted.' Meanwhile President Reagantoday denied that the downed plane allegedly carrying arms toContra rebels was operating-under official US orders. He also ac-knowledged that the government has been aware thatprivateAmerican groups and citizens have been helping the anti-govern-ment forces in Nicaragua.Section Two： News in DetailTapescriptLast week the Washington Post reported that top-leveloffi-cials had approved a plan to generate real andillusionary events tomake Libya's Colonel Muammar Quddafi think the United Statesmight once again attack. Bernard Kalb's resignation is the first inprotest of that policy. A similar resignation occurred at the WhiteHouse in 1983 when a deputy quit to protest misleading statementsgiven to the press shortly before the American invasion of Grenada.NPR's Bill Busenberg has more on today's announcement.Bernard Kalb had been a veteran diplomatic correspondent forCBS and NBC before being picked two years ago by Secretary ofState George Shultz to be the Department's chief spokesman, offi-cially an Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. His brother, MarvinKalb, is still with NBC. Today, Bernard Kalb surprised his formercolleagues in the news media by,quitting over the issue of the admin-istration's disinformation program. Kalb would not confirm thatthere was such a program, but he said he faced a choice of remainingsilent or registering his dissent. And even though the issue appearedto be fading from the news, Kalb grappled with it privately and de-cided he had to act.'The controversy may vaiiish, but when vou are sitting alone, itdoes not go away. And so I've taken the step of stepping down.''rhe State Department has reportedly been involved in thedisinformation issue, but Kalb said his guidelines have always beennot to fie or mislead the press, and he has not done so. Kalb went outof his way today to praise Secretary Shultz, a man, he said, of suchoverwhelming integrity that he allows other people to have their ownintegrity.'In taking this action, I want to emphasize that I am not dis-scriting from Secretary Shultz, a man of credibility, rather I am dis-senting from the reported disinformation program.'Kalb's comments suggested Shultz perhaps did not go alongwith the disinformation program, but in public, the Secretary ofState has defended the administration's policies against Libya, say-ing in New York last week： 'I don't have any problems with the littlepsychological warfare against Quddafi." He also quoted WinstonChurchill as saying, 'In time of war truth i, --o precious, it must@ beattended by a bodyguard of lies.' Shultz was asked about thedisinformation effort last Sunday on ABC.'I don't lie. I've never taken part in any meeting in which it wasproposed that we go out and lie to the news media for some effect.And if somebody did that, he was doing it against policy. Now hav-ing said that, one of the results of our action against Libya, from theintelligence we've received, was quite a period of disorientation onthe part of Quddafi. Sol to the extent we can keep Quddafj off bal-ance by one means or another, including the possibility that wemight make another attack, I think that's good.'In a sometimes emotional session with reporters today, BernardKalb said that neither he personally nor the nation as a whole canstand any policy of disinformation.'@ I'm concerned about the impact of any such program on thecredibility of the United States. Faith, faith in the word of America.,is the pulse beat of our democracy. Anything that liurts America'scredibility hurts America. And then on a much. r,.iuch, much lowerlevel, there's the' question of my own credibility, both as a spokes-man and a journalist, a spokesman for a couple of years, a journalistfor more years than I want to remember. In fact, I sometimes pri-vately thought of myself as a journalist masquerading as a spokes-man. In any case, I do not want my own credibility to be caught up,to be subsumed in this controversy."The timing of Kalb's action today is likely to add to the contro-versy over government deception. And it comes at an awkward mo-ment for the Reagan Administration, just days before an imp rtantpre-summit meeting with the Soviets in Iceland and in the wake ofofficial denials about a downed guerrilla resupply plane inNicaragua. One American was captured and others were killed inthat action, but officials have said the flight was in no way connectedwith the US government. Kalb said his resignation today had noth-ing to do with any other incident. I'm Bill Busenberg in Washington.Section Three： Special ReportTapescriptThe history of Jews in Poland is not always thoroughly told inthat country. And tlte story of the World War 11 freedom fighters inthe Jewish ghetto of Warsaw is one of the saddest chapters. The;Nazis took hundreds of thousands of Jews to their deaths, and seventhousand more died defending the area when the Gdrmans invaded.Dr. Merrick Adelman is one of the very few who survived.A bookcalled Shielding the Flame is his story. It was writtenin Poland tenyears ago by Hannah Kroll. It is now available in this country inEnglish. Yohannes Toshimska is one of the translators. She says thatMerrick Adelman's view of the ghetto uprising is regarded asunconventional."He doesn't use the language, or even he doesn't have the atti-tude people usually have to the holocaust and to theghettouprisings. One thing he's consistently talking about is the fac@t thatpeople thought was the arms in the ghetto. It wasn"t heroic; it waseasier than to die going to the train cars. And that people who parti-cipated in the ghetto uprising were actually, in a sense, lucky. Theyhad arms; they could do something about what was going on whilethose hundreds of thousands who were led to the train cars wereequally heroic, but their death was much more difficult.'"Dr. Adelman was stationed ... he was working in a clinic; hewas not a doctor then; but he was working in a clinicthat was nearbythe train station where the Jews were taken to go off to the concen-tration camps.''Yes. He had an amazing position. He was standing at the gateto the Hmflat Platz, which was the place from where the Jews weretaken into the train cars. He was a member of the underground inthe ghetto, and he was choosing the people who were needed by theunderground. They were perhaps one or two in many thousands ofthem led every day to the cars. And he would pick these people up,and then young girls who were students at the nurses' school woulddisabilitate these people. He describes in the book,it's a very power-ful scene, how these girls, who were wearing beautiful clean whiteuniforms of nurse students, would take two pieces of wood and withthese two pieces of wood would break legs of the people who weresupposed to be saved for the Jewish underground. But the Germans,to the last moment, wanted to maintain the fiction that people whowere taken to the trains were being taken for work. And obviously aperson with a broken leg couldn't work. So breaking a leg wouldtemporarily save that person from being taken into gas."'So he saw in all, I believe he says four hundred thousand peo-ple, go aboard the train.'"'Yes. He stood there from the very beginning of the extermina-tion action to the end.''With regard to what you were saying earlier, there's a dialoguethat develops in the book between an American professor whocomes to visit the doctor many years later, and is critical of whathappened. He says of the Jews, 'You were going like sheep to yourdeaths.' The professor had been in World War 11; he'd landed on aFrench beach, and he said that 'Men should run, men should shoot.You were going like sheep.' And Adelman explains this, and let mequote him. 'It is a horrendous thing when one is going so quietly toone's death. It is infinitely more difficult than to go out shooting. Af-ter all, it is much easier to die firing. For us, it was much easier to diethan it was for someone who first boarded a train car,then rode thetrain, then dug a hole, then undressed naked.' That's difficult to lin-derstand, but then Hannah Kroll says that she understands it be-cause it's easier for people who are watching this to understand,when the people are dying shooting.'' It is something probably easier to comprehend becausethekind of death most of the people from the ghetto encountered is justbeyond comprehension.''Explain the context of the title for Shielding the Flame; it comesup a bit later on. It has to do with the reason that Dr. Adelman be-comes a physician, a cardilogist, after the War, is that he wants thisopportunity to deal with people who are in a life-or-deathsituation.''He says at some point that what he was doing at Hmflat Platzand what he was doing later on as a doctor is like to shield the flamefrom God who wants to blow this little tiny flame andkill theperson, that what he was doing during the War and after the Warwas, in a way, doing God's work or doing something against God,even if the God existed.'"Do you think this book is oing to be accessible to the Westernreader reading it in English? It is a bit free in form and in style. Itlacks a chronology; certain details are not there or are pre-supposedthat one knows.''This book is a little bit like a conversation of two people whoaren't that much aware of the fact that someone else is listening to it.And they don't care about this other person who might be listeningto it. They don't help this person to follow it. I had a hard time evenwhen I read it for the first time in Polish. However, for me, it hasmagnetic power and, despite the confusion, I always wanted to goback and to go on.'Yahannes Tashimska, the translator, along with LawrenceWeshler, of Shiel(iing the Flaiiie by flatiiiah Kroll.。
高英lesson14练习答案
3 Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and
Right Wing sympathies…(Para. 4)
enlist: to persuade someone to help you do
something
谋求[某人的帮助]
希特勒在指望博取英美两国的资本家和右 翼势力的同情和支持…
threshold of their native land… (Para. 8)
threshold: the entrance to a room or building, or the area of floor or ground at the entrance
此刻我看到，俄国士兵昂然挺立于自己 的国门。
1 preparing, writing down
2 very fast and violently 3 obtaining, getting
4 returned 5 frontiers
6 ancient time
7 evil 8 agree 9 hold talks with our enemy
1 0
frontiers
Practice with Words and Expression
6 I see the Russian soldiers…guarding the
fields…tilled from time immemorial. (Para. 8)
immemorial: extending back beyond memory or record; ancient
2 The Germans…seemed to be driving forward
高级英语(第三版)第一册 练习答案 Lesson 14 Key
《高级英语》（第三版）重排版（第一册）Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Key to ExercisesIII. Paraphrase1. “I think the Red Army men will be surrounded and captured in very large numbers.”2. Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.3. Winant said the United States would follow the same policy.4. I would say a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.5. The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.6. “I see German bombers and fighters in the sky, which have suffered severe losses in the aerial Battle of England and now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.”7. “We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resour ces.”8. Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.IV. Practice with Words and ExpressionsA.1. surprise: to attack suddenly and without warning; to come upon suddenly or unexpectedly2. round up: to herd/collect together (people or animals who are scattered, or who have fled, etc.)3. count on: to expect that something will happen4. theme: a recurring, unifying subject or idea appetite: very strong desire5. unsay; to retract a statement6. fresh: recently returned tie down: (obsolete) to reduce to bondage; to enslave7. smarting: feeling pain and resentment8. democracies: countries that have democracy, meaning here Britain, the Commonwealth countries, the United States9. moralise: (usu. derog) to express one’s thought on the wrongness of10. hurl: to throw something using a lot of force11. hearth: (literary) referring to home and family12. quarter: place of abodeB.1. preparing, writing down2. very fast and violently3. obtaining, getting4. returned5. frontiers6. ancient time7. evil8. agree9. hold talks with our enemy10. sadly, deplorablyC.1. standing on the borders of their country2. still feeling the pain of great losses in the aerial Battle of England they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss3. behind all this hostility and fighting let off this flood of suffering and disasters4. launch a fierce attack with overwhelming forces on this Island5. pave the way for his planned invasion of the British Isles6. the stage will be ready for the final actV. TranslationA.1. This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.2. He was counting on their support.3. I don’t remember his exact words, but I’m sure he did say something to that effect.4. The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.5. They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.6. Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.7. It is clear that German fascists were trying to subjugate the people in that region.B.1. “我只有一个目标，那就是摧毁希特勒，这样一来，我的生活目标也大为简化了。
自考高级英语下Lesson 14 Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
• Grasp: to take and hold something firmly SYN grip
– I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.
Execute & perform
• Execute: to do something that has been carefully planned SYN implement
Lesson Fourteen
Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
at an elbow
• at an elbow: close to sb. / sth
on its last legs
• on its last legs：old or in bad condition, and likely to stop working soon
– I fell and hit my head.
Grab & grasp
• Grab: to take hold of someone or something with a sudden or violent movement SYN snatch
– I grabbed my bag and ran off.
• be bound to: to be very likely to do or feel a particular thing
– Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.
• sling: to make someone leave or go to a place遣送 • sling somebody into/out of something
大学高级英语第一册Lesson 14Argentia Bay
Rhetorical Devices
The difference between synesthesia and transferred epithet
Synesthesia (通感)
It refers to the mixing of sensations or the stimulation of one sense that produces a mental impression associated with a different sense.
Parallelism & Repetition Haze and mist blended all into gray: gray water, gray sky, gray air, gray hills with a tint of green. (para.1,line 4)
This plain truth, so simple once agreed on, ran a red line across every request, every program, every projection. (page.239, para.4, line. 10)
Background information
Pulitzer Prize:
founded by Joseph Pulitzer (18471911), American newspaper publisher who gave Columbia University $2,000,000 in 1903 for the creation of the Columbia School of Journalism and also the Prizes..
高级英语Lesson14SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R
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• 5. Why is alliteration used in the speech? Illustrate your point with examples.
• 头韵的使用使文章的节奏感更强，给人留 下更深刻的印象。
• Example：I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. 此句 中的dull, drilled 和 docile 都以辅音|d| 开头， 押头韵，形象描绘出德国士兵那种呆头呆 脑，惟命是从的状态
7/23/2019
• III. Paraphrase • Explain the following sentences in your own
words, bringing out any implied meanings:
• 1.I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.
• Winant said the U.S.A. would follow the same policy.
• 4.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.
• The Nazi regime does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. What it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.
高级英语 第十四课
Lesson 14 Loving and Hating New YorkⅠ.1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 -- 1975 ), American landscape architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape architect for the Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898--1920; Baltimore Park and Park Commission, 1902--1917; member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting capacity for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of many towns and cities and numerous instiutions, land subdivisions, and private properties. Among his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Ana-costia Parks, the Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous articles and reports on professional subjects.2. Bach. John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German composer and organist, one of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought poly- phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous works in almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family, Bach was devoted to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann cristoph. His education was acquired largely through independent studies.Since few of Bach's many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates cannot be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with some certainty in the periods of his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ compositions that culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the Passacaglia and Fugue in C Mi-nor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated 7"he Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also wrote several un- accompainied violin Sonatas and cellosuites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognised as the best concertigrossiever composed. As musical director of St Thomas atLeipzig, he composed many of his superb religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the St. ]~lat hew Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this period were Book Ⅱof The Well-Tempered Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavier Cibung, which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~ the Italian Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg Variations.The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonising number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized, particularly by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily.Ⅱ.1. N0, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on Puget Sound. See paragragh 4.2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in the United States.3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the trends.It is no longer a paeesetter.4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to New Orlcans, San Francisco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many beter cities to live in than New York.5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien mixtures. Perhaps some of these are reassured by the international names of jewelers, shoe stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the city's charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could practice the kind of journalism he wanted in that city.7. The young people go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in to the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting atmosphere of smaller cities.8. New York is still the banking and communications head- quarters for America. The networks' news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines, the ad agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the music, the books that others have created.9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these groups lie close to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives the city its sense of freedom.10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New York because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitany of urban life. What he finds attractive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness the rigor of its judgements; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds.11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolits because here one findsa much wider mixture of nationalities Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of Europeans.Ⅲ.1.This article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated by the title "Loving and Hating New York", or more specifically, by the first sent ence of the last paragraph: “Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day. "2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See the answer to 4.)3. This article is full of American English terms, phrases and constructions. Such as T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-account, etc.4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails to see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York and feels exhilarated living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this feeling is never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New York with the words such as energy, contention striving, etc.5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, set- ting forth the present status of New York city in the Unit- ed States and in the eyes of foreigners. The last sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the "actual de- scriptions of New York city itself: "the charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism" of the last line of paragraph 5 leads to the "energy, contention, and striving" in the first line of paragraph6.6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence. "Nature~ s pleasures are much qualified in New York. " The writer uses many examples to develop this paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence.7. In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable. 8. Free. Student’s choice.Ⅳ.1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radioand TV programs for California.4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced byextravagant promotional advertising.11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.Ⅴ. See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out; hold out= continue resistance; stand firm; not yield2. live: transmitted during the actual performance3. charged : tense ; intense4. put-down: (American slang) a belittling remark or crushing retort5. foothold: a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged6. measure up: (Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified7. jingle: a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement of words or syllables8. expense-account. (Americanism) an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer9. illustration= a picture, design, diagram, etc. used to decorate or explain something10. commercial: (radio and TV) a paid advertisement11. distancing: be reserved or cool toward; treat aloofly12. democratic: treating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish 13, jealous : very watchful or careful in guarding or keeping14. high-rise: (Americanism) designating or of a tall apartment house, office buil ding, etc., of many stories /(noun) a high-rise building15. mean: poor in appearance; shabby.Ⅶ.1. skyline: noun+ noun=noun Examples: bookcase; teacup; skyrocket; sealskin; sea port ; pigsty2. pacesetter : noun + verb + er = noun Examples : shareholder ; leaseholder ; pathfinder ; painstaker ;watchmaker3. trash-strewn : noun + past participle = adjective Examples: homespun; bloodstained; landlocked; henpecked ; homemade4. international: a combining form+ adjective=adjective Examples: interAmerican; interchangeable; interdepartmental ; interplanetary ; intersectional5. anti-septically : prefix 4-adverb = adverb Examples : preemptively; preeminently; predominantly; prefiguratively ; prehistorically6. juxtaposition: a combining form+ noun=noun Examples: photochemistry; photocopy; phonograph; telephone ; television7. NBC: composed of initials N+B+C from National Broadcasting Company Examples: BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation; NCO -- noncommissioned officer; UN -- United Nations; MIA -- missing in action; PFLI -- Peking Foreign Languages Institute8. Wasp: an acronym from white Anglo-Saxon protestant Examples: Awacs -- airborne warning and control system (a sophisticated surveillance plane); UFO -- unidentified flying object; Nato -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Asean -- Association of South-east Asian Nations; Anzac -- (a soldier in the) Australian and New Zealand Army Corps9．ad：a shortening of “advertisement” Examples：auto(automobile)；kilo(kilogram)；exam(examination)；gent(gentleman)；pram(perambulator) 1 0．Cabana：a loan word from Spanish Examples：blitz (German)；judo (Japanese)；discontheque (French)；kolkhoz (Russian)；solo (Italian) 11．sitcom：a blend word from “sit(uation)+corn(edy)” Examples：smog—sm(oke)+(f)og；smaze—sm (oke)+(h)aze；brunch—br(eakfast)+(1)unch；moped…mo(tor)+ped(a1)；motel-mo(tor)+ (ho)tel12．Buick：a trade name for a car Examples：Omega(a watch)；Kodak(a camera)：Boeing(an airplane)；Fiat(a car)；Biro(a ball point pen)Ⅷ.1.assert指带着极大的信心，但却没有经客观证实的一种明确的陈述。
高英单词 lesson 14
二战丘吉尔演讲片段1.conviction n. 坚定的看法或信念同义词：beliefConviction 更强调一种“毋庸置疑的信念“，我们可以将其理解为a belief that excludes doubt, 如：It’s my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.Belief 仅仅是一种观念，不一定是人们极力相信的，如：There is nothing more natural than a child’s belief in his parents.2.horde n. （有时作贬义）一群，一伙e.g. a horde of children ran over the office building3. enlist v. 赢得……的支持或合作E.g. I have enlisted the co-operation of most of my colleagues in my campaign.4. croquet n. 槌球游戏5. revert v. 回到（原话题或思路）e.g. The conversation kept reverting to the subject of money.6. arch adj. 主要的，首要的e.g. Their arch foe is the Chicago Bull.10. folly n. 荒唐事，愚蠢的行为或事例e.g. The old man regretted the follies of his youth.7. regime n. 政体，政权制度8. devoid adj. 完全缺乏的e.g. This novel is devoid of wit and inventiveness.9. ferocious adj. 极为野蛮的，残忍的11. till v. 耕种，耕作12. immemorial adj. 古老的，久远的，无法追忆的e.g. The Chinese have been worshipping their ancestors since time immemorial.13. wring v. 榨取，勒索，压榨e.g. They wrung the truth out of her.14. primordial adj. 原始的，基本的，主要的e.g. The universe was created out of a primordial ball of matter.15. clank v. 发出当朗声，使发出铿锵声e.g. The prisoner’s ankle chains clanked as they walked.16. click v. （使）发出咔哒声，发出轻而短的声音e.g. The door clicked shut behind him.17. dandify v. (使)打扮得像纨绔子弟，盛装18. cow v. 恐吓，威胁e.g. He cowed them with his hard eyes like a tamer among beasts.19. docile adj. 听话的，容易教的，易驾驭的，易控制的同义词：obedient, tractable, compliantObedient指“对权威或控制自己的人的命令、指令顺从的”，如：an obedient child;Docile指“性格温顺而无意反抗的”，如：a docile wife;Tractable指“易控制或管理的”，如：a tractable horse;Compliant指“愿意顺从别人的”，如：A compliant person gives in easily to other people’s views.20. Hun n. 用于对德国人的蔑称，尤指第一次世界大战中的德国士兵21. plod v. 步履维艰地走，沉重缓慢地走e.g. We plodded on through the rain for several hours.22. smart v. 感到剧痛，感到痛心e.g. No creature smarts so little as a fool.23. villainous adj. 恶劣的，邪恶的e.g. Such a villainous band of thieves broke into the store.24. cataract n. 大瀑布，洪流25. declare v. 宣布，宣告，声明e.g. The United States declared war against Iraq.同义词：announce, publish, proclaimDeclare常用于正式场合，指“正式而公开地让人知道，或通过官方使……为人所知清楚”，如：He declared his intention to run for office.Announce侧重“把人们关心或感兴趣的事情正式公布于众”，如：It has been announced that Mr. Smith and Miss Jones will be married next week.Publish指“通过书面的方式让公众都知道”，如：News of the general’s sudden death was not published for several days.Proclaim 一般用于公共或正式场合，着重指“庄严地或者严肃认真地向广大群众宣布某一重大的事件”，如：The government proclaimed a law.26. concur v. 同意，赞成e.g. She has expressed her opinions to the plan, and I fully concur with her in this manner.27. vestige n. 痕迹，遗迹，（某物的）残余同义词：trace, trackTrace指“某些已出现或发生的事情所留下的记号、痕迹等”，如：Age has left its traces on her face.Vestige指“过去存在的事物所留下的遗迹或残余”，如: Not a vestige of the abbey remains. Track 指“车辆、行人、动物等经过后留下的痕迹、踪迹或足迹”，如：The hunter followed the animal’s tracks.28. parley v. 与……会谈，与……谈判（尤其指和对立一方进行商讨）e.g. The opposing sides come to realize that a pointless quarrel doesn’t help the situation; therefore, they plan to parley with each other.29. creed n. 信条，信念30. divergence n. 分歧e.g. There is a great divergence of opinions among the board of directors.反义词：convergence31. woefully adv.可悲地，不幸地e.g. The preparations were woefully inadequate.32. fortify v. 巩固，强化，设防，设要塞e.g. After praying he faced his difficulties with a fortified spirit.33. tyranny n. 专制e.g. I have sworn…eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man.34. moralise v. (=moralize) （常用作贬义）训导，说教（尤其指自以为是的说教）e.g. He is always moralizing about the behaviour of young people.35. catastrophe n. 大灾难，异常的灾祸36. blood-lust n. 杀戮欲37. lure v. 诱惑，引诱e.g. Many young engineers have been lured to go abroad by the promise of high wages.38. outrage n. (常用于贬义)暴虐，残忍e.g. Those who had been under colonial rule for more than century wouldnever forget the outrages committed by the aggressive troops.39. hurl v. 用力投掷，猛地推进e.g. The soldier hurled himself upon the enemy.40. prelude n. 序曲，前奏e.g. The bankruptcy of several small firms was the prelude to general economic collapse.41. subjugation n.征服，制服42. hearth n. 炉边，家庭生活，家短语表达1.round up 驱集，使聚拢e.g. The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach.2. count on 依靠，信赖，指望e.g. Don’t count on a salary increase this year.3. go all out 全力以赴e.g. The team is going all out to win the championship.4. make a reference to 提及，提到e.g. The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scandal.5. to the effect that ……大意为e.g. He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning.6. on the threshold of 在……门口，在……的开端e.g. The politician was on the threshold of his career.7. tie down 束缚，限制，奴役e.g. The veteran worker refuses to be tied down by petty restriction.8. in due course 在适当的时机，最终e.g. Your request will be dealt with in due course.9. it follows that 由此可见，由此断定e.g. He doesn’t come to work today, but if doesn’t necessarily follow that he is ill.。
高级英语第一册lesson14课
Phrases that begin with a preposition and describe a relationship between the subject and another part of the sentence. For example, "The book (subject) is on the shelf (prepositional phrase)."
The adjective benevolent is often used to describe actions or people that are kind or compassionate, such as benevolent acts or benevolent individuals.
要点二
Evaluation of arguments
Readers are challenged to evaluate the validity of the arguments presented in the text, considering different perspectives and possible counterarguments.
The text also considers the current social and cultural context, discussing how technology fits into modern society and its role in different fields such as education, entertainment, and work.
Changes in sentence structure
高级英语第一册课文翻译Lesson14
高级英语第一册课文翻译Lesson14高级英语第一册课文翻译Lesson14高级英语是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段（本科）的精读课，属于必考课程。
小编为你收集了高级英语第一册课文翻译Lesson14，希望给你带来一些借鉴的作用。
课文翻译第五课关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话温斯顿邱吉尔二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。
这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。
我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。
我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。
尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。
于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。
不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。
德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。
德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。
这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。
” 一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。
我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。
艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德克里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一起。
那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。
由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提：“六月二十一日，星期六。
晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。
怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。
晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。
他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。
不过，希特勒的如意算盘打错了。
我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。
维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。
晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。
我当时问他，对于他这个头号反对共产大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。
高级英语Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.(课堂PPT)
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• 4. In several places the speaker uses parallel structures. Point them out and explain their effect.
1) I see the Russian soldiers standing on the… I see them guarding their homes… I see the ten thousand villages… I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky… (para.8)
Churchill quoted his secretary’s account of the day before the speech to give a more detailed background for the speech. He used the secretary’s account of the day to support his own account.
Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
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II. B. Questions on Structure and Style:
• 1. Why does Churchill use his secretary’s account of the day before the speech was given?
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• 7. Comment on Churchill’s diction. Illustrate your point with examples.
高级英语第一册lesson 14课
Listened the closing Royal Navy prayer
Military chaplain:A chaplain provides pastoral (spiritual) and emotional support for service personnel, including the conduct of religious services at sea or in the field. Military chaplains have a long history; the first English military-oriented chaplains, for instance, were priests on board proto-naval vessels during the 8th century.
White and crimson vestments
Roosevelt and Churchill got together with the sailors
The change of sailors Why Pug Henry watched this unwonted disorder on a warship with mixed feelings of amusement and outrage? The function of the last sentence.
What did Roosevelt do after he boarded the prince of wales ?
Churchill saluted to him and offered his hand
He touched the deck of this boat.
高级英语lesson 14
lesson fourteenSaturday Night and Sunday Morning星期六的晚上和星期日上午by Alan Sillitoe Text14-1 He sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow(赤楊樹) where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind.在春天一个星期日的上午，他坐在运河边钓鱼，在他附近，赤杨树被后面生长着年轻茁壮的橡树向前推挤垂人水中，像垂死的老人一样。
He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel.他直起腰身，用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线。
Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out.他周围放着背包、夹克、一个空捕鱼网、他的自行车和出发前在家里花园里挖出的两听虫子。
Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven.太阳钻出了云层，向空气中散发出泥土的气息。
Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye.鸟儿在欢唱。
他看到水面忽然间冒出一个无声的小小的水花，He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.他走到水边，站起身，用力挥动手臂，将钓鱼线抛了出去。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第十四课 Speech on Hitler's invasion of the USSR[精]
![高级英语(第三版)第一册第十四课 Speech on Hitler's invasion of the USSR[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/42017cd1fd0a79563d1e7228.png)
3) To enable students to appreciate the rhetorical devices in the text.
Part 1—The background of the broadcast
• Names and terms Sir Winston Spencer Churchill—Prime Minister 首相
racial domination. • It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of
its cruelty and ferocious aggression.
• No one has been a more consistent opponent of Communism than I have …
General questions on Part I
1. Where was the text taken from?
From Churchill’s works ‘The Second World War, Vol. III)
2. When and how did the Germans attack the Soviet Union?
All this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding
lesson 14高级英语
Lesson 14III .P.3381 .I think the Red Army men will be surrounded and captured in very large members.2.Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.3. Winant said the United States would adopt the same policy.4.I would said a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.5.The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.6. I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, whichhave suffered severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy becausethey think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.7. We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.8.Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.V. P.3411) This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.2) He was counting on their support.3) I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect.4) The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.5) They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.6)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.7) It is clear that German fascists were trying to subjugate the people in that region .Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R补充练习Ⅰ. Word explanation1. ConvictionA. conventionB. well established factC. the state of being convincedD. certainly2. consultA. adviceB. suggestC. look upD. go to a person3. privateA. personB. one's ownC. previousD. preserve4. count onA. depend onB. expectC. take into accountD. all of5. enlistA. win overB. attractiveC. obtainD. both A and C6. meansA. unkindB. to representC. averageD. method7. onslaughtA. invasionB. aggressionC. fierce attackD. annexation8. cataractA. cataclysmB. waterfallC. disasterD. flood9. preyA. sth. killedB. speak to GodC. pleaseD. enemy10. allyA. join or uniteB. without the company of othersC. the centre of sth.D. volunteer11. fortifyA. multiply by fortyB. strengthenC. a strongholdD. fortress12. doomA. graveB. sepulchralC. terrible fateD. barge13. preludeA. introductory movementB. to lure in advanceC. tyrantD. steadfast14. interveneA. invadeB. aggressionC. intermezzoD. interfere15. ferociousA. brutishly violentB. attacking on purposeC. benign situationD. obedient16. presentlyA. right awayB. nowC. deliverD. gift17. portionA. porkB. partC. portD. proper18. hordeA. classB. squadC. companyD. throng19. primordialA. primeB. introductoryC. primitiveD. element20. smartA. painfulB. wisdomC. foeD. folly21. vestigeA. traceB. vestC. investD. privilege22. resolveA. solveB. settleC. revolveD. determine23. accomplishA. accompanyB. achieveC. complimentD. complement24. distinctionA. distinctB. distinguishedC. differenceD. instinct25. rescueA. recoverB. queueC. obscureD. obscureⅡ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text , the first letter of which is given:1. Pressures made him go back to his old habit of smoking. r2. The teacher wrote his remark of the composition in the margin.c3. The lecture has been put off till next Friday. p4. She still suffered in mindunder his unkind words. s5. The men threw their spears at the enemy. h6. I earnestly hope that you will agree with me on this issue.c7. Don't trust him, he is as clever as a fox. c8. He came to America as a poor immigrant but soon got rich as a merchant. p9. It is not our aim to conquer our foe, we are interested only i n establishing peaceful relations. s10. The fine for spitting on the street is 5 yuan. pⅢ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be use d only once.appeal to, be true of, count on, devoid of, f resh from, in due course, issue, on the contrary, rid...of, round up, thereby, to that effect1. The great today is whether there will be war or peace.2. The sheepdog the sheep and drove them through the gate.3. Our team is you to win the match, Joe.4. As "due to", "prior to" can never begin a sentence.5. He finished first in the race,winning the championship for his school.6. She called him a villain or words .7. Sound waves can not travel through a space air.8. These are eggs the hen, not preserved ones.9. I will answer all your questions .10. His speech did not the head so much as to the heart.Ⅴ. Reading comprehension.1. The sentence “I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broadcast at 9 o’clock that night” means that:A. I noticed that I should deliver a speech at 9 that night.B. I asked them to notice me giving a speech at 9 that night.C. that I was to give a speech at 9 that night should be noticed.D. the BBC should be informed that the P.M. would deliver a speech a t 9 that night.2. The sentence “I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.”means:A. The Russian Army was broken up into small groups and would be captured one after another by the Germans.B. The Germans came into Russia like hordes of beasts, surroundi ng and capturing many cities.C. The Russian army would line up to form a circle so as to sur round the GermansD. The German army would line up to form a circle so as to surround the Russians.3. The sentence “it is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination” can be understood as:A. Hitler and his regime were greedy and wanted to surpass othe r nations.B. For Hitler and his gang, nothing could be considered as idea l or guiding principle. The conquest of and rule over other nations w as the strongest desire in them.C. The only thing that Hitler and his gang wanted was to be be tter than other nations.D. Hitler and his regime had conquered many other nations and t his was very bad.4. According to the speech, Hitler had believed that his attack o n the USSR would:A. cause conflicts between the United States and Great Britain.B. ignite sympathy from the right wing of the western countries.C. make the United States retreat from the war.D. lead to a conclusion of the war.5. According to the text, the final act of Hitle r’s aggression w as to:A. defeat his enemy one by one.B. make the whole western hemisphere subject to his rule.C. completely destroy the USSR.D. free the Russians from communist rule.第一册第14课练习答案1-1: / 答案:B1-2: / 答案:C 1-3: / 答案:B 1-4: / 答案:D 1-5: / 答案:D 1-6: / 答案:D 1-7: / 答案:C 1-8: / 答案:B 1-9: / 答案:A 1-10: / 答案:A 1-11: / 答案:B 1-12: / 答案:C 1-13: / 答案:A 1-14: / 答案:D 1-15: / 答案:A 1-16: / 答案:A 1-17: / 答案:B 1-18: / 答案:D 1-19: / 答案:C 1-20: / 答案:A 1-21: / 答案:A 1-22: / 答案:D 1-23: / 答案:B 1-24: / 答案:C 1-25: / 答案:D答案: revert2-2: /答案: comment2-3: /答案:postponed 2-4: /答案:smarted2-5: /答案: hurled2-6: /答案: concur2-7: /答案:crafty2-8: /答案:prospered 2-9: /答案:subjugate 2-10: /答案:penalty3-1: /答案: issue3-2: /答案:rounded up答案: counting on3-4: /答案: is true of3-5: /答案:thereby3-6: /答案: to that effect 3-7: /答案: devoid of3-8: /答案: fresh from3-9: /答案:in due course 3-10: /答案:appeal to4-1: / 答案:D4-2: / 答案:A4-3: / 答案:B4-4: / 答案:B4-5: / 答案:B。
高级英语第十四课
Revere life and Remember history
Life should be equal and respected. Life is also precious, we should cherish it. What we can do is to remember history, because a hopeful nation should not forget its heroes and a great nation must remember history. Only by remembering the past aggression and suffering of our country can we learn from history, revere life, cherish peace, truly shoulder the mission and responsibility entrusted by the times, and jointly create a better future.
Lesson 14
CONTENTS
目
录
01
World War II: revere life and remember history
02 Peace in our world
World War II:
01 Revere life and Remember
history
Revere life and Remember history
All kinds of factors interact and intensify each other, making the Palestinian-Israeli conflict of extraordinary complexity.
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Lesson 14 III .P.338
1 .I think the Red Army men will be surrounded and captured in very large members. 2.Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. th e support of those who were enemies of Communism. 3. Winant said the United States would adopt the same policy. 4.I would said a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past. 5.The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world. 6. I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, which have suffered severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss. 7. We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.
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A. convention B. well established fact C. the state of being convinced D. certainly 2. consult A. advice B. suggest C. look up D. go to a person 3. private A. person B. one's own C. previous D. preserve 4. count on A. depend on B. expect C. take into account D. all of 5. enlist A. win over B. attractive
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Ⅰ. Word explanation 1. Conviction
1) This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area. 2) He was counting on their support. 3) I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect. 4) The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception. 5) They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack. 6)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory. 7) It is clear that German fascists were trying to subjugate the people in that region .
Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R 补充练习
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8.Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.
V. P.341