英语语音发音规则讲解
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英语语音发音规则
一.元音字母在重读开音节的读音
a 读作[ei]name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
e 读作[i:] he,these,me,Chinese
i 读作[ai] bike,drive,time,nice,kite
o 读作[əu] those,close,go,hoe,home,no
u 读作[ju:] student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
u在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时读作[u:],例如:June,blue,ruler,super。
二. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音
a 读作[æ] bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
o读作[ɔ]clock,not,box,shop,sock
e 读作[e]bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i 读作[i]fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
u 读作[ʌ] bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
三.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
1. 字母a读作[ə]或[i]或[ei]
China,another,woman,breakfast
cabbage, village, delicate
operate
2. 字母e读作[ə]或[i]
hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
decide, behind, wanted
3. 字母i读作[i]或[ai]
holiday,beautiful,family,animal
exercise,satellite
4. 字母o读作[ə]或[əu]
second,tonight,somebody,welcome
also,zero,photo
5. 字母u读作[ə],[ju]或[ju:]
autumn,difficult
congratulation,January, occupy, communist, popular
attitude, institute
注:
在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读[u]或[u:]音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读[ə]的音,也可以读[i]的音。
四. -r字组在重读音节中的读音
ar 读作[α:] car,farm,dark,sharpener
在[w]音后面[ɔ:] warm,quarter,towards
er 读作[ə:] her nerve serve
ir 读作[ə:] first girl shirt
or 读作[ɔ:] forty morning short
或读作[ə:] word worker worse
ur 读作[ə:] Thursday burn nurse
注:
1. 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如:carry,sorry,hurry。
2. -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
五. -re字组在重读音节中的读音
are读作[εə] care,dare,hare
ere读作[iə] here,mere
ire读作[aiə] fire,hire,wire
ore读作[ɔ:] more,score,before
ure读作[juə] pure,cure
-re读作[ə] centre,fibre,titre,saltpetre
注
①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picture,pleasure。
②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
六.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a
①在[w]音后面读[ɔ] want,what,watch,wash,quality
②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前读[α:] after,plant,graph,ask,grasp,glass,fast
i
在-nd,-ld和gh前读[ai] find,child,light,high
o
①在-st,-ld前读[əu] most,postcard,old,cold
②在m,n,v,th前读[ʌ] come,monkey,love,mother
七.元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai
①[ei] afraid,rain,wait
②[i] mountain, captain, portrait
③不发音certain, curtain
ay
①[ei] day, away, may
②[i] Sunday, yesterday
air
[εə] air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
①在l,k前[ɔ:] small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
②[ɔ:ɫ] always,also,salt,almost
③在f,m前[α:] half,calm
au/aw
[ɔ:] autumn,daughter,draw
ea
①[i:] teach,easy,cheap,please
②[e] heavy,bread,sweater,weather
③[ei] break,great
ear
①[iə] hear,dear,near,clear,year
②[εə] bear,pear,wear,swear
③[ə:] earth,learn,early
ee
[i:] jeep,week,green,three
eer
[iə] pioneer,deer,beer
ei/ey
①[ei] eight,neighbour,they
②[i:] seize,key
ew
①在n, f,t后读[ju:] new,few, steward
②在l, r, j后读[u:] flew,brew,jewelry, threw
ie
①[i:] achieve, believe, field, thief
②[ai] die, tie, lie,
③[aiə] society, science, variety
ei
①[ei] eight
②[ai] height
③[i:] ceiling, conceive, receive
oa
[əu] coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar/oor
[ɔ:] roar,board,door,floor
oi/oy
[ɔi] noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
①[u:] broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
②[u] book,look,cook,foot,good, football ou/ow
①[au] flower,house,count,down
②[əu] know,row,throw,though
③[ʌ] young,country,enough
④[u:] group,soup
our ①[ɔ:] course,your,four
②[auə] our,hour,sour
③[ə:] journey
oul
[u] would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
①在j,l,r,s后[ju:i] fluid,suicide,tuition
②[u:] juice,fruit,suit
八.非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai/ay/ei/ey
[i] foreign,monkey
ow
[əu] yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音或[i]音。
例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion/-tion
①[ʃən] impression,nation
②在元音字母后[ʒən] vision,decision,occasion
③在s后[tʃən] question,suggestion
-isle
[ail] aisle, Carlisle
-sten
[sn] listen
-stle
[sɫ] whistle
-sure
[ʒə] pleasure,measure
-ture
[tʃə] picture,culture
九.元音字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:everyday[ei],handbag[æ],blackboard[ɔ:]。
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:holy(神圣)+day[ei](日子)=holiday[i](假日):break(中断)+fast[α:](斋戒)=breakfast[ə](早餐);cup(茶杯)+board[ɔ:](木板)=cupboard[ə](碗柜)。
十.辅音字组的读音
①[b] bike,bus,bag
②[不发] bomb,tomb
c
①在e前或在i,y前[s] face,decide,cinema
②其他情况[k] cake,picture,coat,music
③[tʃ] cello
ch
①[tʃ] much,chick,rich,teacher
②[k] school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
③[ʃ] machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck
[k] cock,pocket,black,knock
cz
[tʃ] Czech
d [d] doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
[dʒ] bridge,fridge
dr-
[dr] children,driver,drink
[dz] hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
[f] five,four,breakfast
g
①[g] bag,garden,go
②[dʒ] orange,large,German
③[ʒ] genre,massage
gh
①[f] cough,enough
②[不发] light,daughter,high
gu-/-gue
①[g] guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
②[gw] language,anguish
h
①[h] hot,head,house,hand
②[不发] hour,honest
j
①[dʒ] jeep,jar,joke,join,June
②[ʒ] Jacques(用于法国人名
③[h] Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
[k] kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
[n] knife,know,knock
l
①[l] life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
②[ɫ] milk,school,tall [出现在元音后面。
可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)] m
[m] monkey,come
-mn
[m] autumn,column,solemn
n
①[n] not,shine,ten,note
②在[k],[g]音前[ŋ] uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
[ŋ] morning,young,wrong
p
[p] paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
[f] elephant,photo,telephone,graph q
[k] Iraq
qu-
[kw] quality,quite
r
[r] red,rubber,ruler
rz
[ʒ] Zabrze(扎布热)
s
①在词首、清辅音前[s] sit,sleep,desk
②元音字母间或浊辅音前[z] music,husband sc-
①[sk] scarlet
②[s] muscle,science
sch-
[ʃ] schedule [英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul]
sh
[ʃ] she,fish,shirt,wash
t
①[t] ten,letter,meet
②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前[ʃ] patient,nation
tch
[tʃ] watch
th
①[θ] thin,thirty,method
②[ð] the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中)
tr-
[tr] tree,train,country,truck
ts/tz
[ts] Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)
quartz/Hertz [英hə:z,美hə:rts](用于德国人名)
v
[v] very,voice,love,leave
w
①[w] week,win,wake,sweet,wait
②[不发] answer,two,sword
wh-
①[w] what,when,white,why
②在字母o前[h] who,whose,whole
wr-
[r] write
x
①在重读音节元音后读[ks] box,text,exercise
②在重读音节元音前读[gz] example,exist,exact
③[z] xylophone
y
[j] yes,yard,yellow,young
z
①[z] puzzle,zero,zoo
②[ʒ] azure
③[ts] pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)
zh
[ʒ] zhoosh。