工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析

Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施
ACME Plant Activity ACME工厂活动
Hazard Identification Sheet 危险辨识表
Noise Exposure 噪声曝露
Heavy Equipment 重型设备
Identify Hazards for each APS 辨识每个APS的危险
Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判断每个APS的危险和风险
Determine Hazard Significance 判断危险的重要性
Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 对重要风险提出目标指标
Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危险/风险分析流程
Starting Point 起点
Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域 Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS） Keep data upto-date and periodically review. 数据及时进行更 新并定期审核
Severity 严重性: If injury or loss occurs how bad will it be? 如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？ Probability 可能性（概率）: The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring, increases with exposure to hazard 损失或伤害发生的潜在频率
d
Why do Hazard / Risk analysis? 必要性
Potentially
Catastrophic 灾难性的
潜在的
Definitions 定义
Does the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the activity? 活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成 伤害的可能？
•
•
Start with a site layout. 从场地平面图开始
Divide the site into operational / functional areas. 将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。
ACME Site Layout ACME场地平面布置
Office 办公室
Excavating 开挖活动 Parking停车场
Starting Point 起点
Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域 Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS） Keep data upto-date and periodically review. 数据及时进行更 新并定期审核
Definitions 定义
Hazards have 危险具有: RISK – possibility of loss or injury. 风险－造成损失或伤害的可能性
Risk have 风险要素: Severity and probability 严重性和可能性（概率）
Definitions 定义
Trip/Sliຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu 绊倒/滑倒
Excess material on the ground 地面上堆放过多的物品
Struck by Falling Objects Product being dumped and pedestrian in area 坠物砸伤 货物被堆放在行人区域
Why Really? 意义
d The process provides to management a picture of
the real risk of injury, not what the “gut” tells you it is, or what our employee thinks it is. 这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事 论事的经验或我们员工的主观想像 It helps you identify the elephants… 它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响……
Trip/Slip 绊倒/滑倒
Fire/Explosion 火灾/爆炸
Struck by Falling Objects 坠物砸伤
Contact With Moving Objects 运动物体接触
Other Hazards 其它危险
Other Hazards 其它危险
Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危险/风险分析流程
Identify Hazards for each APS 辨识每个APS的危险
Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判断每个APS的危险和风险
Determine Hazard Significance 判断危险的重要性
Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 对重要风险提出目标指标
The element(s) of an activity that has a potential to harm is considered its hazard(s). 可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险。
I.e.例如： Activity - Spray Painting 活动－喷漆 Hazards – Chemical Exposure (inhalation), Chemical Exposure (skin), Chemical Exposure (eyes), Noise, Fire/ Explosion 危险－化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪 声、火灾/爆炸
Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施
Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相关活动和参与的人员
•
Recruit individuals knowledgeable of areas.
Why Really? 意义
d It provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in
operations in a methodical, proven way. 提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险 d Risk is provided to management in a prioritized manner, the higher the number of risk the riskier the task or job will be. 将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分 越高，任务或作业的风险就越高
Identify Hazards for each APS 辨识每个APS的危险
Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判断每个APS的危险和风险
Determine Hazard Significance 判断危险的重要性
Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 对重要风险提出目标指标
Hazard Examples 危险举例:
Electrical Shock 电击
Chemical Exposure Eyes 眼睛接触化学品
Flying Debris/ Objects 飞溅的碎片或物体
Engulfment 开挖塌方
Fall From 高空坠落
Fall From 高空坠落
Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施
Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相关活动和参与的人员
Before you can determine your site’s hazards you must know what activities are being conducted at your site. 在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活 动。
Definitions 定义
Hazard Examples 危险举例:
Chemical Exposure (Inhalation, Skin, Hands, Eyes) Harmful Dust Noise Exposure Flying Debris / Objects Protruding Objects Extreme Temperatures Point of Operation (I.e crush, nip) Fall, Trip, Slip Strain / Overexertion Electrical Shock Fire / Explosion Light Radiation Falling Objects Sharp Objects Biological 化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛） 有害粉尘 噪声曝露 飞溅的碎片或物体 突出的物体 高低温 高空坠落 绊倒/滑倒 紧张，劳累 电击 火灾/爆炸 放射线 坠物砸伤 接触尖锐物体 生物危险
Excavating 开挖活动
Maintenance 维修
Processing 加工处理
Shipping / Receiving Dock 运输与接收平台
Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危险/风险分析流程
Starting Point 起点
Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域 Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS） Keep data upto-date and periodically review. 数据及时进行更 新并定期审核
招纳熟谙区域的人员
• • • Manager / Supervisors 经理/主管 EH&S EHS人员 Employees 职员
•
Brainstorm to determine area activities. 运用“头脑 风暴”来辨别区域活动
• Consider legacy issues as well as current operational issues (I.e. previous injuries) 考虑遗留问题，业考虑当前 操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）
工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析
何培松 益瑞石集团亚太区EHS经理
2008年6月21日
Objectives 目标
d Purpose of doing hazard and risk analysis.
理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的 d How to evaluate an operation’s Workplace Hazards and Risk. 掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险 d Who should be involved in your analysis. 组建危险和风险分析团队 d What to do with the results. 利用分析结果进行持续改进