大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（一）一There are three kinds of goals: short—term，medium—range and long—term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months。
It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals。
Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short—term goals that will build on those that have been completed。
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short—range goals。
They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year，or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step，you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase。
(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（一）一There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal答案：adcbc二The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and livedin a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical ye ar of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The productionof manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediatelypent about 30billion dollars for new factories and following World War 2. The country’s business smachinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been ithad been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars aday ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million peopleheld jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominousecho of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to theoppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom”could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 thanin 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案：cdabc三Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd四Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among femaleby nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) beganits current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb五The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to dietand forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillinto beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbdWhat is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be anoptimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greysand blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon asyou opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge overthe Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案：bcaac十二Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives closeto that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?a.Social Customs and Customsb.Social Lifec.American and British Customsd.Promptness Is Important4.According to the text, the best host_______.a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortableb.makes his guests feel excitedc.tries to avoid being naughty to his guestsd.tries to avoid being foolish5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following?a.The guest who ate his peas with a knifeb.The other guests who were amused or shockedc.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayd.None of the above答案：dcaac十三New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher thanthe city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3.The Code Napoleon was _______.a.an agreement to sell Louisianab.a body of lawsc.a city pland.a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerced.A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____.a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes答案：bbbcc十四The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers.Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.a. the number of PH.D. degree holders is decliningb. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasingc. the number of 22-year-ilds is decliningd. scientists and engineers are not employed2.The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ .a. technologyb. foreign nationalsc. such fields as law, medicine and businessd. postgraduatesrge-scale enterprises now need _______.a. bright graduates and postgraduatesb. new inventionsc. advanced technologyd. engineers4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree because _________.a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in scienceb. industry does not require PH.D. holdersc. they have financial difficultiesd. they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D.5.PH.D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _________.a. they find industry is attracting more and more college studentsb. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industryc. they cannot resist any attraction from all sidesd. they cannot work for industry any longer答案：bcadb十五Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength ofits military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard ofopwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.1. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________.a. the strength of its military forcesb. its ability to compete in industryc. economic marketsd. both a and b2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _________.a. its powerful military forcesb. its vast landc. its industrial competitivenessd. its contributions to world peace3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.a. other countriesb. the declining U.S. industrial basec. a new standard for measuring powerd. less advanced technology4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of ___________.a. its ability to adapt technologyb. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peoplec. its ability to compete in the world marketsd. both a and b5. The purpose of writing this article is __________.a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerb. to demonstrate American political influence in the worldc. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial based. to show American industrial prowess答案：dabdc。
英语四级阅读模拟训练附答案和精讲 第40篇-梦
英语四级阅读模拟训练附答案和精讲第40篇:梦Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.A.we can think logically in the dreams tooB.dreams can be brought under conscious controlC.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D.People having negative feelings dream more often.3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A.control what dreams to dreamB.sleep well without any dreamsC.wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD.identify what is upsetting about the dreams4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A.learn to control his dreamsB.consult a doctorC.sleep and dream on itD.get rid of anxiety first5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A.a good practiceB.a new discoveryC.helpful for everyoneD.not essential for everyone1.[D] 词义理解题。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(1)【阅读练习】What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the bes t, but we strangely enjoy junkfood.We’re 2 with health an d weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans cameto this con tinent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop经(济作物)wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, i ntended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony.Do as Romans do meanseating what ―real Americans‖ e at, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by import—s piz za,say, or hot dogs. And some of thecountry’s most treas ured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shack les.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’sdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch c ounters.It is integral to our concepts of health and even m orality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reaso ns or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are a mbivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have b ecome 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American conscious ness. It’s no coincidence, then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage( 束缚). It’s whatwe eat—and how we 10 it with friends, famil y, and strangers—that help define America as acommunity today.A.answer I. creativeB.result J. beliefC.share K. suspiciousD.guilty L. certaintyE.constant M. obsessedF.defined N. identifyG.vanish O. idealsH.adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel 是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D 项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. 对……感到有愧‖。
【VIP专享】大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)
《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇1/200.There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a buildin g is no stronger than its foundation, out long-term goals cannot amount to ver y munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing o ur short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they cou ld even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you sh ould never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you com plete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succee d. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cov er five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a lon g-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot ________.a. if we complete our short-range goalsb. if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc. if we write down the datesd. if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon ________.a. two yearsb. long-term goalsc. current activitiesd. the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals, ________.a. we will win final successb. we are overwhelmedc. we should build up confidence of successd. we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up, ________.a. we should stick to them until we complete themb. we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc. we had better wait for the exciting news of successd. we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ________.a. those who habe long-term goals will succeedb. writing down the dates may discourage youc. the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd. every should have a goal1/200答案：adcbc2/200The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped an y postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of t he year 1955, a typical year of the 1950's, may be typical as illustrating the r apid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged i n the years immediately following World War 2. The country's business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income avail able for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1 950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dolla rs a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wa nted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920's. As farmer's shre of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But t here were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could n ot last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1.What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950'sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950'sc. U. S. Economy in the 50'sd. The Federal Budget of 19522.In Line 4, the word “boom” could best be replaced by ________.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3.It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the U nited States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of ________. a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4.Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy i n the 1950's?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5.The passage states that incom available for spending in the U. S. was grea ter in 1955 than in 1950. How much was it?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％2/200答案：cdabc3/200Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because ther e are so few women full professors. In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encourag ing women. The University was rated among the lowest for the system. In a 1 987 update, Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for ev en more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to info rm women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon, said it is impo rtant that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus, many times in order for her to succeed, she must rise above the problems around her and concentra te on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the Univ ersity and all academia, inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that a re important here at the University."Spirduso said."If they do that will be succ essful in this system. If they spend their time in little groups mourning the se xual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso, women need to ________.a. produce a report on sexual discriminationb. call for further improvement in their working conditionsc. spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd. spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage, we know that ________.a. there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb. women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc. the weather on the campus is chillyd. women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the Universi ty3.Which of the following statements is true?a. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater tha n that of 1985b. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller th an that of 1985c. the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d. more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did ex it in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that ________.a. women were told to con centrate on teir workb. women were given information about available administrative jobsc. women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unve rsityd. women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5.The title for this passage should be ________.a. The University of Texasb. Milburn's Reportc. Women Professorsd. Sexual Discrimination in Academia3/200答案：ddabd4/200Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U. S. adlescents wil l smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adult s. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will b e murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smokingoutweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of de ath.Since the late 1970 s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is im pressive, several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970 s, smoking among male high school seniors exc eeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most ef fecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by __ ______.a. traffic accidentsb. smoking-related deseasec. murderd. all of these2.Every day there are over ________ high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means ________.a. students who failed the examinationb. students who left schoolc. students who lost their wayd. students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a. NCI has taken effective measuresb. smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc. there are many smokers who have died of cancerd. none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a. smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb. there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc. high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd. smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds4/200答案：bdbdb5/200The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although scien ce has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the sa me time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of c ancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cu ltures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food t hat is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a n ew discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized tha t nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additivies, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it bec omes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and bec ause of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA. has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a. Drug and Foodb. Cancer and Healthc. Food and Healthd. Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some a re given to the living animalsc. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b. They preserve the color of meats.c. They are the objects of research.d. They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means ' ________'.a. trouble-makingb. color-retainingc. money-makingd. cancer-causing5/200答案：cacbd6/200As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxati on. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from m orning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a heal thy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In f act, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of str ess is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the indivi dual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously p rime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react bot h chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or dea th. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such ser ious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established linkswith stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because ____ ____.a. they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb. they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc. they are travelling fast all the timed. they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer, the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a. not fearing stressb. knowing the art of relaxationc. high sense of responsibilityd. having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a. We can find some ways to avoid stressb. Stress is always harmful to peoplec. It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d. Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to ________.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so" refers to ________.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"6/200答案：dadbcIn the 1960 s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U. S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out"of American society and form th eir own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called"commu nes,"where they could follow their philosophy of"do your own thing."A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called"Drop City." Followi ng the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domesh aped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey' s Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a gr oup that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled aro und the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organ ize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to set tle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing,"however. Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960 s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely to gether in one large building called an"archology" Soleri believes that people m ust live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960 s?a. They were not satisfied with American society.b. They wanted to grow marijuana.c. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d. They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a. In dome-shaped houseb. In old school husesc. On a farm inTennesseed. In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a. Paolo Solerib. B. G. Skinnerc. Steve Gaskind. Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on?a. The philosophy of "do your own thing"b. Virginaia in the late 1960 sc. The ideas of psychologistd. The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a. A person who studies archaeologyb. A large building where people live closely togetherc. A city in A rizonad. A technique to contorl people7/200答案：abdcb8/200There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some bein g more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportu nities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the so rt of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envio nmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never atta in the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth proces ses were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities. Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. H e was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This enviromental difference continued until the twi ns were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intell igence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and f ully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled ________.a. Measuring Your Intelligenceb. Intelligence and Environmentc. The Case of Peter and Markd. How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that ________.a. human brains differ considerablyb. the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage, the average I. Q. is ________.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____ ___.a. individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentc. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced. changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I. Q. ________.a. can be predicted at birthb. stays the same throuthout his lifec. can be increased by educationd. is determined by his childhood8/200答案：bcbcc9/200As she walked round the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult i t was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wishes that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume Besides, shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience: people trod on your toes, poked you with their elbows and almost knocked yo u overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk,"the assistant assured her, trying to te mpt her."Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small cr owd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale - and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long: although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home, with her small well-chosen present concealed in her hand bag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an espec ially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father ________.a. did not like presentb. never got presentc. preferred tiesd. was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed ________.a. attractiveb. interested in tiesc. tiredd. in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter ________.a. puroselyb. suddenlyc. unwillinglyd. accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe ________.a. when he was obligedb. on social occasionsc. from time to timed. when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because ________.a. coustomers trod on each other's toesb. coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc. customers knocked each otherd. customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry9/200答案：dbdcd10/200If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the m iddle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it neces sary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American sci entist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it wi ll be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world al most as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than th e earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold at mospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be p laced in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets i nto the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbo n dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to prod uce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ________.a. foodb. oilc. spaced. resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because ___ _____a. it might be possible to change its atmosphereb. its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc. there is a good supply of water on Venusd. the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a. waterb. carbon dioxidec. carbon monoxided. oxygen4.Algae are plants that can ________.a. live in very hot temperaturesb. live in very cold temperaturesc. manufacture oxygend. all of the above5.Man can land on Venus only when ________.a. the algae have done their workb. the atmosphere becomes coolerc. thereis oxygend. it rains there10/200答案：cabdd11/200What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, yo u must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, t his is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have bee n seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect t hat colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up - we are born with our prefe rence. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods - there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the ot her hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near Lo ndon, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area - until it was repainter green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done i n pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accide nts when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means ________.a. you don't like to follow othersb. you would be a member rather than a leaderc. you would be afraid of following othersd. you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer ________.a. red to yellowb. blue to orangec. red to greyd. blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts, that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up.""Among other facts" means ________.a. besides other facts。
大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)
大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)书名：《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇出版社：上海交通大学出版社1/200.There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such g oals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the ac hievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a t ime,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you w ill enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your moti vation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is no t a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal1/200答案：adcbc2/200The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. D espit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic gro wth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimate d at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new fa ctories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it h ad been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a littl e more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sh aring in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a fe w who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and w ould eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculat ural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following w ere LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％2/200答案：cdabc3/200Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full profes sors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration fo r not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administ rative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible whe n it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the Univers ity." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia3/200答案：ddabd4/200Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on t heir way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 ab out 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related di sease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or i nvoluntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates amon g youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,s moking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is re versing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons f or the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds4/200答案：bdbdb5/200The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illn esses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new di scovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, a nd it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef an d living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administrat ion(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing5/200答案：cacbd6/200As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit o f rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essen tial for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at t he first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and ph ysically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the d ifference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,t hat health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have establishe d links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we coul d),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"6/200答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietna m War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American so ciety and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in souther n Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the f ollowers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the W oodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but the y had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune fou nded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona wher e 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people7/200答案：abdcb8/200There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born wit h. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain h e has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. S o the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an in dividual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case his tory of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to meas ure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points hi gher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood8/200答案：bcbcc9/200As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christ mas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted w ith perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked y ou with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past e xperience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present whic h was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop s moking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry9/200答案：dbdcd10/200If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resour ces left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible soluti on to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atm ophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is muc h hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the alga e will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .I n a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venu s it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there10/200答案：cabdd11/200What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leade r, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are prob ably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psyc hologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours prefe rence, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do n ot choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more ch eerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of su icide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory wo rkers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other f acts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _ ______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials11/200答案：bcaac12/200Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No ma n who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your c ountry? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,o r on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social cust oms. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first t ime. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will mos t Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knif e and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or unco mfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.a.uglyb.dishonest。
(完整word版)英语四级阅读试题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21 st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn ’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue overit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don ’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can ’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world ’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they ’re “doing something. ”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn ’t. But it hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit ’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don ’t solve the engineering problem, we ’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide crisis at all. commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it underor stop it. control.58. According to the author ’s understanding, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energyB) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances of science and poor technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs ( 碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent ofrespondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me. ”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It ’s like health: When you have it, youdon ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you ’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21 st century equivalent of being caughtnaked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others ’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret ”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others ’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people ’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingdevices. about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itwoman.B) its importance is rarely understoodThere are many reasons forC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don ’t cherish it until they lose itthis-typically, men take more risks thanwoman and are more likely to drink andsmoke but perhaps more importantly,men don ’t go to the doctor.“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often2.Passage Oneas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This Questions 57 to 61 are based on theis particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.diseases tend to strike. ”If you are a male and you are readingGullotta says a healthy man should this ,congratulations: you are avisit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According to statistics .you arethose over 45,it should be at least once amore than twice as likely to die of skinyear.cancer than a woman ,and nine timesTwo months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you50-year-old ma who had delayed doing make it to the end of your natural term,anything about his smoker ’s cough for a about 78 years for men in Australia, youyear.will die on average five years before a“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ”he says, “Earlier detection and inevitably place strain on the public purse, treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says. ”But prevention is cheaperwould have prolonged this life ”in the long run than having to treat the According to a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death. ”see a doctor once a year, compared to 57.Why does the author congratulate his 70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.golf course and they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average life span has been could happen to him. considerably extended.Then there is the ostrich approach, ” C. They have lived long enough to read some men are scared of what might be this article.there and would rather not know, ”says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and Dr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the mostmore regularly than they service their important reason men die five years bodies, ”Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more thanbe addressed by preventive check-ups. womenB. men don ’t seek medical care as often disease because of fearas women 61. What does Cartmill say about regularC. men aren ’t as cautions as women in check-ups for men?face of danger A.They may increase public expensesD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal B.They will save money in the long rundiseases C.They may cause psychological strains on59. Which of the following best completes menthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to D.They will enable men to live as long ashim ⋯’(line2,para,8)? womenA. it could happen to me, too Passage TwoB. I should avoid playing golf Questions 62 to 66 are based on theC. I should consider myself lucky following passage.D. it would be a big misfortune High-quality customer service is60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by preached( 宣扬)by many ,but actually“the ostrich approach ”(line q para.9) keeping customers happy is easier saidA. a casual attitude towards one ’s health than doneconditions Shoppers seldom complain to the B. a new therapy for certain psychological manager or owner of a retail store, butproblems instead will alert their friends, relatives, C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear co-workers, strangers-and anyone whoof the pain involved will listen.D. unwillingness to find out about one ’s Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满when their regular customers decide t 了的) shelves, overloaded racks, frequent their competitors, according to a out-of-stock items, long check-out lines,study jointly conducted by Verde group and rude salespeople.and Wharton school During peak shopping hours, some “Storytelling hurts retailers and retailers solved the parking problems by entertains consumers, ”said Paula getting moonlighting （业余兼职的）local Courtney, President of the Verde group. ”police to work as parking attendants.the store loses the customer, but the Some hired flag wavers to direct shopper must also find a replacement. ”customers to empty parking spaces. This On average, every unhappy customer guidance eliminated the need forwill complain to at least four other, and customers to circle the parking lotwill no longer visit the specific store for endlessly, and avoided confrontationevery dissatisfied customer, a store will between those eyeing the same parkinglose up to three more due to negative space.reviews. The resulting “snowball effect ”Retailers can relieve the headaches bycan be disastrous to retailers. redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking According to the research, shoppers sales items, hiring speedy and who purchased clothing encountered the experienced cashiers, and having salesmost problems. ranked second and third representatives on hand to answerwere grocery and electronics customers. questions.The most common complaints Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry them.customers. C Few customers believe the service will “Retailers who ’re responsive and be improved.friendly are more likely to smooth over D Customers have no easy access to storeissues than those who aren ’t so friendly. ”managers.said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by something as simple as a greeter at the saying “⋯the shopper must also find astore entrance would help. ”replacement ”(Line 2, Para. 4)?Customers can also improve future A New customers are bound to replace shopping experiences by filing complaints old ones.to the retailer, instead of complaining to B It is not likely the shopper can find thethe rest of the world. Retailers are same products in other stores.hard-pressed to improve when they have C Most stores provide the sameno idea what is wrong. D Not complaining to the manager causes注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答the shopper some trouble too.62. Why are store managers often the last 64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingto hear complaints? police as parking attendants so that A Most customers won ’t bother to shoppers_____complain even if they have had unhappy A can stay longer browsing in the store experiences. B won ’t have trouble parking their carsB Customers would rather relate theirC won ’t have any worries about securityunhappy experiences to people around D can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren ’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you ’re doing and shat your customers are used to, ”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur, ”says Hahn.Some analysts ( 分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I ’m aware of. ”Like most consumers, she finds little time toshop, and when she does, she ’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn ’t too expensive. ”By her own admission, green just isn ’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla ’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn ’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn ’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand( 缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people ’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that ’s recorded in you hair, ”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling ’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing ( 精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s goodfor eliminating many possibilities. ”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area, ”Park said “But it narrows it way downfor me. ”62. What is the scientists ’new discovery?A) One ’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person ’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink ”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one ’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one ’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one ’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America ’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling ’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling ’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on thepresidential candidates and how they ’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I ’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world ’s attention.And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we ’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can ’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, blackwomen still can ’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexedfemales raised by our never-married, alcoholic ( 酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans whousually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they ’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to pleaseeveryone —an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise ( 沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that ’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn ’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can ’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women ’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obamawill do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year ’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they ’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who ’ll become Oxford ’s vice-chancellor —a position equivalent to university presidentin America.Hamilton isn ’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hiresfrom abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it ’s gone global. Yetthe talent flow isn ’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in onlyone direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don ’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university ’s budget. “We didn ’t do any global consideration, ”says Patricia Hayes, the board ’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-oldColorado businessman and political activist ( 活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependenton government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support hasmade funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison。
大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)
大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)书名：《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇出版社：上海交通大学出版社1/200.There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible mo nths.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,ou t long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-ter m goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add n ew short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for sever al years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in yo ur ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five year s or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal1/200答案：adcbc2/200The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression a nd lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of th e 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The nat ional output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for sp ending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five m illion dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and onl y a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture c omplained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous e cho of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and w ould eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculat ural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following w ere LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 t han in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％2/200答案：cdabc3/200Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so fe w women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the Un iversity of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rate d among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress th at was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that wo man be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and a ll academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are importan t here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system. If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 198 5b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 198 5c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the Univ ersity4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia3/200答案：ddabd4/200Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke thei r first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,i t can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic acci dents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntar y, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several impo rtant issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Secon d,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds4/200答案：bdbdb5/200The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foo ds unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illness es are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially c ancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses b ecause of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all th e time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or har mful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to be ef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treate d cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for fin ancial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a hi gher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried rep eatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to t he living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing5/200答案：cacbd6/200As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once y ou are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is h ard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is no t the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for mana gerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exp osed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the differe nce between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but ho wever little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,t hrough continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need t o find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ______ __.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"6/200答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wante d to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of the m decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their phil osophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Color ado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Full er they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a grou p that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the Unite d States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, b ut they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijua na.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oa ks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psych ologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skin ner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, It alian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believe s that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people7/200答案：abdcb8/200There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a l ow order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individua l is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonst rated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the t wins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the t wins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster h omes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than hi s identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would ha ve tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood8/200答案：bcbcc9/200As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to cho ose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to g et to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were o n display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth doub le the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleas ed her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the pri ces were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoke d a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her par ents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Y our father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry9/200答案：dbdcd10/200If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st centur y,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for exa mple.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditio ns on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But n one of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scient ist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possi ble to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as eart h itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres a nd at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venu s.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the al ge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man c an set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will pro bably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there10/200答案：cabdd11/200What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you p refer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they sh ould know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, a s well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,t hat we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preferen ce.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at leas t as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brin gs warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide a ttempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge ha d been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machin es are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london t o others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials11/200答案：bcaac12/200Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite man y years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behavio ur for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a la dy was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you a re eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large n umber of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is i mportant both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might m ake other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一）一Theｒｅare three kiｎds of gｏals：shorｔ—ｔerm,ｍeｄｉum—raｎge and ｌong－term goals、Sｈort-raｎge ｇｏaｌs ａre those ｔhatｕsuａlly deal wiｔh cuｒｒｅnt ａctｉvitｉｅｓ,whｉcｈｗe can appｌy on ａdaily bａsｉs、Ｓuch gｏa ｌs ｃan be achievｅd in a week or less,or two ｗｅeｋｓ，or ｐoｓsiblｅmoｎtｈｓ、Itｓhｏuld bｅｒｅｍeｍbｅred that juｓt ａs a ｂuｉｌｄｉng is ｎo stroｎgｅｒthａn its ｆｏundation ，out long—teｒm ｇoalｓｃａnnot amounｔto vｅｒｙｍunｃh without thｅachievement ｏｆｓoliｄsｈort－term goals、Ｕpｏn plｅtinｇoｕｒshorｔ—term goals,ｗe shｏuld ｄate the ｏccaｓioｎand thenａｄｄnｅw shoｒt—ｔerm goaｌs ｔｈａｔwill buil ｄｏnｔhoseｔhat haｖe ｂeeｎplｅted、Tｈe inｔeｒmediatｅgoals bｕkｌd on ｔhｅfounｄaｔion oｆｔhe s ｈort－range goalｓ、Ｔhey migｈt deaｌwith ｊust oｎe term of scｈoｏｌor the entｉｒe schoｏl yeaｒ，or they ｃoｕld evｅn exteｎd ｆｏr sｅvｅral years、Ａny time ｙou ｍｏve a sｔeｐaｔａtｉme,ｙou sｈouｌｄne ｖer allow yoursｅｌf to bｅe discourａged or oveｒｗhｅlmed、As yｏuｐｌete eａch ｓtｅp,ｙou will ｅnfｏrｃeｔhｅbeliｅf in ｙour aｂilitｙto groｗadn ｓuccｅed、And ａs your ｌistｏｆｐｌｅtioｎｄates gｒｏw，your motiｖａtion and ｄesire ｗillｉncrease、Long—rａｎgｅｇoals maｙbｅrelaｔed to oｕｒdreaｍs ｏｆtｈe future、Thｅy might cover five years or more、Ｌｉfe iｓnot aｓtatｉc ｔhiｎg、Ｗe shoｕld nｅvｅr ａｌlow a lonｇ—ｔerm goal to limit uｓo ｒoｕｒｃouｒse of action、1、Our long－term goａｌｓmean a lot＿＿、a、if we ｐｌete ourｓｈort－range ｇoａlsb、ｉf we canｎot reaｃｈsolｉｄshoｒｔ-term goaｌｓｃ、iｆwｅwriｔe down thｅdatesd、if ｗｅｐut ｆｏrward some plaｎs２、Ｎew shｏｒt—term goals aｒe bulid ｕpon__、a、ｔｗo yeaｒsb、lｏng—tｅrm goalsc、ｃurｒent activｉtiesｄ、the goaｌs thaｔhave been ｐｌeted３、Whｅn ｗe ｐletｅeach step oｆour goals ，__、ａ、we ｗill wiｎfinal succeｓsb、ｗe are overwｈｅlmeｄc、ｗｅsｈｏｕld bｕildｕp coｎｆidenｃｅoｆsuccessd、we shouｌｄstrｏng dｅsｉｒe for settinｇnew goals4、Oｎｃe ourｇoals are drawｎup，＿_、a、ｗe shｏuldｓtiｃk to tｈem untｉｌｗe pleｔeｔｈeｍb、we mａy ｃhange ouｒgoａｌs as we have nｅw ｉdeaｓand ｏｐportunｉtiesc、we hａd betｔer waiｔfｏr theｅxcitinｇｎews of succeｓsｄ、we ｈaｖe made great ｄeｃｉsiｏn5、Itｉｓｉmplieｄbｕt noｔstateｄin the passage ｔhat _＿_、ａ、tｈose wｈo habe lｏng－tｅｒm goaｌs will ｓｕcceeｄb、wｒitｉng down thｅdates mayｄiｓｃouｒage yｏuｃ、tｈe goal iｓonly a guidｅfor us tｏrｅacｈour desinationｄ、eveｒy shoｕld have a ｇｏal答案:adcbｃ二The econoｍｙof thｅUnｉted sｔates ａftｅr 19５2 was theｅconnｏｍy oｆａｗell－ｆed，almost fullｙemploｙｅd people、Desｐiｔoｃcaｓｉo ｎal alarms，thｅcoｕntry escａped anｙpｏstwarｄepresｓion anｄlived iｎａstaｔe oｆboom、Ａn economic suｒvｅｙof the year１９55，ａtｙpicaｌｙeaｒof ｔhe 1９５0’ｓ, maｙbe tｙｐicａl as illｕsｔrating ｔhe rａpid eｃonｏmic gｒowｔh of the dｅｃadｅ、The naｔional ｏutput ｗas valｕe ａt 1０pｅrcｅnt abｏｖe tｈat of 195４(1955outｐut was ｅsｔiｍａteｄａt 39２ｂｉｌlｉｏｎdollaｒs)、Ｔhe prｏdｕｃｔｉon of mａnufactｕrerｓwaｓaboｕt 40percent moｒe thａn iｔｈａd ａv ｅragｅd in the yeａrs ｉmｍｅdiately folｌｏwing WorlｄＷar 2、Tｈe co ｕntry’s busｉｎess sｐent aｂｏut 30biｌｌion ｄollａrs fｏr neｗfaｃtoｒie ｓaｎd machinery、Nationａｌｉne aｖailａblｅfoｒspｅnding waｓａlｍｏst ａthird grｅater tｈaｎit had been ｉｔhaｄｂeen in 1９50、Ｃonsｕmeｒs ｓpentａbouｔ256 ｂillion dolｌars；that iｓabｏｕt 700 ｍilｌiｏｎdoｌｌarｓ a day ，ｏr about twenｔｙ-ｆｉｖe ｍillｉon doｌlarｓｅｖｅｒy hoｕr , aｌl ｒｏund theｃｌoｃk、Ｓｉxty-fｉve millｉｏn p ｅople held jobs ａｎｄoｎly a lｉttlｅmoｒe than ｔwo million waｎted jobs bｕｔｃould ｎot find ｔhem 、Oｎly agｒiｃultuｒe plainｅｄthat i ｔwas ｎoｔsharing inｔhe rｏom、To some oｂserｖers ｔhis was ａn ominous eｃho of the mid-1９20’s 、As faｒｍｅｒ's sｈrｅｏf theｉr products ｄｅclineｄ, mａrketing ｃoｓｔs rｏse、But thｅre wｅｒｅ，aｍong thｅobｓervers ｏｆthe ｎatiｏｎalｅcｏnomy，ａfｅwｗho wｅre ｎot as c ｏnｆidenｔａs the ｍajorｉty 、Thｏsｅｆew seemeｄｔo fｅaｒｔhａt ｔhe boom coulｄnｏｔlastａnｄｗoｕlｄｅventuａlly lｅad ｔo the oppｓite－depｒesｓion、1、What ｉs the beｓt title of the passage？a、The ＡgriculaturaｌTrends ｏf 1９50'sｂ、ＴhｅＵnemploｙmｅnt Rateｏf 1９50’sｃ、U、S、Ｅｃoｎomy in the ５0’sd、Tｈe Federａl Buｄget of195２2、In Lｉne 4 ，theｗｏrd “boom”could best ｂｅreｐlaｃｅd by_＿____、a、ｎearｂy eｘploｓｉonb、tｈunｄerｏｕsｎoisec、general pubｌic sｕpportd、rapｉd eｃonomic growth3、Iｔcan ｂe iｎferｒed the natｉoｎａl from tｈe passaｇe ｔhａt ｍｏｓt people ｉｎtｈeＵnited Stａｔes in１955 vｉewｅｄｔhｅnational econoｍy witｈan air ｏf_____＿＿__、a、coｎｆidｅncｅｂ、confusｉoｎｃ、ｄisaｐpoｉntmｅnｔd、sｕspｉcion４、Whiｃｈof the ｆoｌlowiｎg weｒｅLEAST satisfied wｉth theｎatioｎal ecoｎomy ｉｎthe 1950’s?a、Economistｓb、Frmaｅrsｃ、Pｏlｉtiｃｉansd、Ｓteelwｏrkerｓ5、Ｔhｅpａｓsagｅｓtates that in availaｂｌｅfｏr spendingｉn tｈe U、Ｓ、wａs grｅateｒin １9５５ｔhａnｉｎ19５0、Hoｗmuch wa ｓit ?a、6０％b、50％c、33%d、９0％答案：ｃdabc三Women are ａlｓo unｄerreprｅsented in tｈe ａdminｉsｔratiｏn and this is ｂecausｅthere are ｓoｆeｗwoｍeｎfull pｒofessors、Iｎ1985,Ｒege ｎｔBｅrｙl Milburn produｃeｄ a reporｔblastiｎg tｈe Uniｖｅrsｉty of Teｘas Systｅm adminｉｔration for nｏt enｃourａging ｗoｍeｎ、Ｔhe University wａs rateｄamｏng the lowesｔｆｏｒtｈe systｅｍ、In ａ１９87 update ，Milbｕrn mended tｈe prｏｇrｅsｓthaｔwaｓmａde and calledｆor ｅｖenｍｏre ｉmprovemeｎｔ、Oneｏｆthe posiｔive results ｆrｏm heｒstudy wａｓ a Ｓyｓtem－wide programｔo inform women of ａvailａble admiｎiｓtrａtｉｖe jobs、Collegｅof municationＡssociａte DeaｎPaｔricａWiｔherspoｏｎ,ｓaid iｔis iｍportant ｔｈat ｗomａn be fleｘiｂle wheｎit eｓto relocating iｆtｈey wａnt to rise in tｈｅranks、Althoｕgh a woman may facｅa chiｌly cliｍaｔｅon cａmpus ，mａny ｔimes in oｒder fｏr her to ｓucceed , she ｍuｓt riｓe above theｐrobleｍｓarouｎd her aｎd conｃenｔｒatｅon hｅr ｗoｒk、Untiｌwｏmen make uｐa greaｔer peｒｃentage ｏｆthe sｅnｉor ｐositiｏns ｉn the Uniｖeｒｓity aｎd all acａｄemia，ineqｕitiｅs wilｌeｘｉst、"Ｗｏmen nｅｅｄｔo spｅnd theiｒｅneｒgieｓａnd timｅdoｉng sｃholarlｙactivitｉes tｈａt aｒe impｏrtaｎt ｈere at the Uniｖersｉｔy、＂Spirｄuso said、"If ｔｈｅy do that wilｌbｅｓuｃcessｆul ｉn this sｙｓtem、If thｅy sｐend their time iｎlitｔｌe groups ｍoｕｒnｉngｔhe seｘｕａl disｃriminaｔｉｏｎｔhａt ｔｈeｙthink existｓhｅre, they ａre waｓtｉｎg valuaｂｌe ｓｔudy tｉme、＂１、Accoｒdinｇto Sｐirdｕso，women neｅｄtｏ＿_＿_、a、prｏｄuｃｅａrｅｐort on sexｕal discｒｉminaｔiｏnb、ｃall for fｕrther improvementｉn tｈeｉr workｉng condｉtioｎsc、ｓpend theｉｒeｎｅｒgies anｄｔimｅfｉgｈting agaｉnst sｅxｕal ｄisｃrimｉnatioｎd、spendｍore tiｍe and ｅｎergｙdoing sｃholaｒly acｔiｖｉties2、Fｒom this pasｓａge ，we know ｔhat ＿__＿_、a、there are mａny wｏmen full professors in tｈe Unｉveｒsity oｆＴexasb、ｗomeｎpｌａy aｎimportanｔparｔin admｉnitratｉng thｅUｎiveｒｓityc、the wｅather ｏｎthｅｃaｍpuｓｉs chilｌyd、wｏmｅn mａke up ａsｍall perceｎｔaｇｅoｆtｈe senior positｉｏns in tｈｅUniversitｙ3、Ｗhich of thｅfolｌowinｇｓtａtemenｔs iｓtｒue?a、the nｕｍbeｒof womｅn pｒofeｓｓors inｔhｅUnivｅrsitｙin 1987 was grｅateｒthａn tｈａt oｆ19８5b、the nuｍbｅr oｆwoｍen ｐroｆｅssors iｎtｈe Univeｒｓｉｔy in 1９8７wａs smａlｌeｒthａn tｈat oｆ19８5c、tｈe nｕmｂeｒofｗomen proｆessｏrｓwas the same as that ｏf1９８5d、moｒｅａnd more women profeｓｓors tｈoughtｔhａt ｓｅxuａl discｒiminatioｎdｉｄexit in ｔｈeＵniverｓiｔy４、Ｏnｅof tｈe ｐosｉtiｖe resuｌｔs ｆrom Mｉlbuｒn’s stｕdy was ｔhat ＿__＿_、a、women weｒｅtold to coｎceｎtratｅoｎｔeir workb、womｅn wｅre given inｆormatioｎａbouｔavａｉlａｂle administｒative jobｓc、womeｎwere encouragｅd to ｔake on alｌthe ａdminｉstｒative ｊobｓiｎｔhｅUnｖersityｄ、woｍen were eｎｃouｒageｄto do mｏｒe schoｌａｒlyａctiｖiｔｉeｓ5、Ｔhe titleｆｏr thiｓpａsｓagｅshouｌｄbe __＿_＿＿_、a、TheＵnｉｖersitｙoｆＴexasb、Ｍilburｎ’s Reportc、Women Ｐｒoｆesｓorsd、Sexual Disｃriｍiｎatiｏｎin Acaｄｅmｉa答案：ddabd四Tｏday ，as in eｖｅry otｈer daｙof tｈe year ，mｏre thａn 300０U、S、ａdｌesceｎtｓwｉll sｍoke theiｒｆirst cｉgaｒette on tｈｅｉr wａy ｔo beｉng ｒegｕｌaｒｓmｏkers as aｄuｌｔs、Duｒｉng their lifeｔime,ｉｔcａnｂe exｐｅｃｔｅd that of theｓｅ3０00 ａbouｔ２3 ｗill be murdereｄ,30 wiｌl die inｔｒaffiｃａｃcidentｓ，and nｅａrly 750 will ｂe kｉllｅd ｂy a sｍokiｎg-reｌaｔed disease、The number ｏf deａths aｔtribuｔeｄtｏcigarette ｓmｏkiｎg oｕtwｅｉｔhts alｌotｈｅr faｃｔors，whｅthｅr ｖolunｔａrｙｏr invｏluntaｒy, ａs a ｃause of deａtｈ、Siｎｃe thｅlatｅ１970ｓ，wheｎdａiｌy smoking ａmonｇｈighｓchｏol sｅｎioｒs reａched 30 pｒｅcent , smoking rａtｅｓａmonｇyoutｈhaveｄeclined、Wｈｉｌｅthe deｃline ｉs impｒessiｖｅ，ｓeveｒa ｌimpｏrtａｎt iｓsueｓmｕｓt ｂe raised、First，inｔhe past sｅverａｌyeａrｓ，sｍｏking ratｅs amonｇyoｕｔｈhave ｄｅｃｌinｅｄveｒy littlｅ、Sｅcoｎd，in the late1９70s ，smokｉng amｏng maｌe higｈscｈool ｓeｎiors eｘceedeｄthａtａmong ｆemalｅby neaｒly１0 pｅrceｎｔ、The stａtiｓｔic is reｖersｉng、Third,ｓeｖeｒaｌｒeceｎt ｓtudies haｖe inｄicate high scｈｏol dropouts have ｅxceｓsively high smｏｋｉnｇrates，as much as 75 pｅrcenｔ、Fiｎaｌly, ｔhｏｕth sigｎificant decｌｉｎｅｓin adolesｃｅnt smokｉn ｇhave ｏccｕｒred in the pａst ｄecadｅ,no definite rｅasons foｒｔｈe decliｎe ｅxist、Withiｎｔhis cｏntext，the Ｎaionａl Cａncｅr Instｉute (NCI）ｂegan ｉts current ｅffｏrｔto dｅtermiｎe tｈe mosｔeffｅcive measures ｔo redｕce smoｋｉｎｇleveｓl among yｏuth、1、Aｃｃｏrdiｎｇtｏｔｈｅauｔhor，the deatｈｓamong yoｕth ａre mainly caused bｙ_＿_＿＿、ａ、tｒaffic acciｄeｎtsb、sｍokinｇ-relａｔｅd desｅasec、ｍurｄerｄ、ａll of theｓe2、Ｅｖery day there arｅoｖｅr_____highｓchool strdents who ｗill b ｅｅreｇｕlaｒsmoker、a、７5b、２3c、３０d、30003、By ＂dropout" thｅauｔhor means＿_____、a、stｕdeｎtｓwｈo fａｉｌｅd tｈe examｉnaｔｉonb、ｓtudenｔs wｈo ｌefｔschoolc、ｓｔuｄentｓwho lost tｈｅirｗaｙd、ｓtｕｄentｓwhｏwｅｒe dｒiven out of scｈｏol4、The reason ｆor declinｉｎｇadolｅsｃent smoｋｉng ｉs thaｔ___＿_＿＿＿、ａ、NCI has tａｋen effectiｖe mｅaｓuresｂ、smokｉng is ｐrevented amｏng higｈsｃhoｏlｓｅnioｒｓｃ、tｈｅrｅare many smoｋers who havｅdieｄoｆcancerd、noｎｅoｆｔｈese５、Ｗhat ｉs impliｅｄbuｔnoｔstatｅd by the aｕtｈorｉｓｔhat __＿_＿___、a、smokinｇｒaｔes ａmonｇyｏutｈｈave dｅclined very litｔｌeｂ、theｒe are now mｏrｅfeｍale than ｍale smｏkers amonｇhigh ｓcｈooｌｓｅniorsｃ、high smoｋinｇraｔes ａｒe dｕe toｔｈe ｉncease in weaｌthd、sｍｏking at hｉgh school ａre ｆrｏm ｌoｗsocｉo—ecoｎomiｃｂａckｇrounds答案:bdｂdb五The fｏoｄｗe ｅａt seｅmｓｔｏhaｖe profoｕnd eｆfects on our ｈｅalth、Ａlｔｈｏugｈsｃience ｈaｓｍaｄｅenｏrmousｓtｅps ｉn making ｆood moｒe fit ｔo eat ，it ｈａｓ, at the same tiｍe，madｅmaｎy f ｏods uｎfit tｏeat、Some reseaｒch has sｈown that ｐerhaｐs eighty percent ｏf alｌhumａn iｌｌnｅsses aｒe ｒelateｄtｏdiet aｎd ｆorty percenｔof caｎcer is relａted to the ｄｉｅt as well，ｅｓpecially cancｅr of the colon、Diffeｒｅnｔcｕｌｔurｅｓare more likely ｔｏcauｓｅcertain differｅnt ｉlｌｎｅｓsｅs bｅcaｕse oｆthe ｆｏｏd tｈat ｉs cha ｒａcterisｔic in ｔhese cultures、Thaｔfooｄisｒｅlateｄtｏillｎesｓis ntｏa new discovｅrｙ、In １94５，abouｔ3５ｙeａrs ago，governme ｎtｒｅseaｒｃhｅrs ｒealiｚｅd thａt niｔrates，mｏnly used to preｓerve cｏlｏr iｎｍeａts，ａnd oｔher ｆood additｉvｉes，cauｓeｄｃaｎceｒ、Yet, ｔhese cａrcinogenｉｃａdｄitives rｅmain iｎour fｏod, aｎd iｔbeｅs mｏrｅdiｆｆiculｔalｌtｈｅtｉme to know which thinｇsｏnｔhe packagｉng ｌabelｓof prｏcessed food aｒe heｌpfulｏｒharmfｕl、The ａｄditiｖes ｗhiｃh we eat ａrｅnot all sｏdirecｔ、Faｒmｅｒsｏften gｉvｅpenicillin to beef anｄｌiviｎg aniｍaｌｓ，anｄbecaｕse ｏfｔhis ,peｎicillin has been fｏuｎd in the milk of treatｅd cow、Ｓｏmetimes si ｍｉlar ｄrｕgs ａre given to animalsｎot ｆｏr ｍedical purposes，bｕｔｆoｒfinａnciaｌrｅasoｎs、Tｈe farmers ａre simply tｒｙing to faｔten t ｈｅanｉmals ｉn orｄer to ｏbtaiｎa hｉghｅr prｉce on tｈe markｅt、Althougｈthe Food and Drug Aｄminisｔratｉoｎ(FDＡ）hasｔrｉｅd r ｅpeaｔｅdly to cｏntｒｏl ｔheｓｅpｒoceduｒes,ｔhｅpractiｃeｓcｏn ｔinue、１、Ｗhat ｉs the ｂest possible tiｔle of thｅｐａssage？a、Drug and Foｏdｂ、Cancer and Healｔhc、Fｏod and Hｅaｌｔhd、Ｈeａlｔh and Ｄｒug2、Wｈｉｃｈof the foｌlowiｎg ｓtatements is NOT ture?a、Drｕｇｓａre always giveｎtｏanimaｌｓfoｒmeｄicａl rｅaｓoｎsb、Some of the additives in ｏur foｏd ａrｅaｄｄed to thｅｆood itseｌf a ｎd somｅaｒe giｖｅn tｏtｈｅliving animalsｃ、Reseａrchersｈave ｋnown aｂout theｐotenｔｉaｌdangｅrs of ｆｏｏd aｄditiveｓｆoｒｏver thiｒｔy－fiｖe yｅarｓ、ｄ、Ｆood ｍayｃａuｓｅｆorｔy ｐercent oｆｃancｅr in wｏrld、3、How haｓｓcｉence donｅsomeｔｈｉng ｈarｍｆul to mａnkiｎｄ？a、Becａｕｓe ｏf sｃience ，diｓeases causeｄby pｏlluted ｆoｏｄｈaven beeｎviｒtuａｌlｙｅliminated、b、Ｉt haｓcaused a lａck of information concerning ｔhｅvalｕe of ｆｏｏd、c、Becaｕse oｆthe apｐｌiｃａtiｏn ｏｆscｉence,some potentialｌy h ａrmfulｓuｂstaｎces have ｂｅen aｄｄed ｔo fooｄ、d、The scientisｔs have preserved ｔｈｅcｏlｏr of meaｔs，ｂｕｔnot ｏf ｖeｇｅｔables、4、Ｗhａt arｅnitｒaｔｅs uｓｅｄｆor？a、Ｔｈey ｐreseｒvｅｆｌaｖｏr in packａgeｄfoods、b、Thｅｙｐｒeｓｅrve the cｏｌor of mｅａts、c、They ａre ｔhe objectｓof rｅsｅarｃh、ｄ、Thｅyｃauｓe ｔｈe aniｍaｌs tｏbｅe fatｔer、5、The word’caｒcinｏgeｎiｃ＇mｏｓｔnearly meanｓ＇＿___＿’、a、tｒｏｕble—makingb、ｃolor－reｔainｉnｇc、moｎｅｙ-mａkingd、caｎcer-causing答案：caｃbdＷhat iｓyoｕr fａvouriｔe colｏuｒ？Ｄo yoｕｌｉkｅyellow，orａngｅ,red？Iｆｙou dｏ,yｏｕmust be an ｏｐｔimist, a leaｄｅr，an active persｏn who eｎjoｙs life，pｅople aｎd eｘcitｅment、Do yｏｕpｒｅｆeｒgｒeys and bｌuｅｓ? Then you aｒe ｐrobabｌy quiｅt,shｙ, and ｙou would rａｔher ｆolloｗthａnｌeａd、Yoｕｔend ｔo be a pｅssiｍist、A ｔleast，this ｉs whａt psychologisｔs tｅlｌus，ａｎd theｙshｏuld know,ｂｅcausｅtｈey have been serｉoｕslｙstudyｉｎg tｈe ｍｅaninｇof coloursｐrｅferｅnce, ａs well as tｈe eｆfｅｃt tｈat colours havｅｏn hｕman bｅｉnｇｓ、Tｈeｙｔelｌs ｕs，ａｍonｇotheｒfaｃts，ｔhａt we dｏnot ｃhoosｅour faｖｏuriｔｅclｏuｒas we grow up－-－—ｗe arｅborn witｈour prefｅreｎce、If yｏｕhappｅn to love ｂrｏwn, ｙｏu d ｉｄsｏ, as soonａs ｙｏu ｏpｅneｄyour eｙes,or at leaｓt aｓsooｎas yｏu coｕld ｓｅe clearly、Colours do inｆluencｅoｕｒmｏｏdｓ－——-there iｓnｏdoubｔabout it 、A ｙeｌｌｏw room makｅs mosｔpeopｌeｆeｅｌmoｒe chｅｅrful aｎd moｒeｒeｌａxed thanａｄaｒk greｅn one；and a red dress briｎgｓwａrmth anｄcｈeｅr to the sａdｄｅsｔｗinter day、On tｈｅｏtｈer hanｄ,black is depｒessinｇ、 A bｌａck bridｇe ovｅr ｔhe Thａｍes Rivｅr，ｎeａｒＬｏｎdｏn，ｕseｄto bｅthe ｓcene ｏf more suicides ｔｈan any othｅr bridge iｎｔhe arｅa －-—－ｕｎtiｌit waｓrepaint ｅr greeｎ、Ｔhｅnumbeｒoｆsuｉcide ａｔtｅmptｓimｍediatｅly feｌl s ｈarply；perhapｓit ｗould have fａllen eｖｅn ｍｏre iｆthe brｉdge had b ｅｅｎdone ｉｎｐink or baｂｙblue、Light and ｂriｇht cｏlouｒs maｋe peｏple not only hｐpier buｔｍore active、Iｔｉs aｎesｔａｂliｓｈｅd ｆact that ｆactｏry worｋerｓworkbetteｒ，ｈarder ，ａnd ｈave fewer accidenｔs whｅn thｅiｒmacｈｉneｓarｅpａiｎｔed orａｎge ratherｔhan ｂlacｋor greｙ、１、”You woulｄｒaｔher fｏｌlｏw thaｎred”meａns__＿___＿、a、ｙｏｕdｏｎ’t liｋe to follow othｅrsｂ、ｙou would be a meｍberｒatｈer than a ｌeadｅｒc、ｙou wｏuｌｄbe afraｉｄof fｏｌｌowiｎg othersｄ、ｙｏu wouｌd likｅtｏｂe ａleaｄer ｒatｈer than a follower2、Iｆoｎe enjoｙs lｉfｅ, ｏne ｉｓsuｒe to preｆeｒ________、a、red tｏｙellowｂ、blｕeｔo orａｎgec、red tｏｇreｙｄ、blｕｅto yelloｗ３、"Ｔheｙtelｌｕs, aｍｏng other facts,ｔhat we doｎ’ｔchooｓe our ｆavouritｅcolｏuｒs as ｗe gｒｏw ｕp、”"Aｍｏng other facts”ｍeanｓ_＿_＿__、a、beｓides otｈer factsｂ、iｎrｅｇard to other faｃtｓc、not consｉdeｒing ｏｔheｒfacｔsd、accｏrｄing ｔｏoｔｈer ｆaｃtｓ4、Whｉcｈof thｅfolｌowing iｓfａcts？a、Peopｌｅ'sｐreference of oｎe colour to anothｅr isｉnsｔincｔb、Peoｐle's ｐrefeｒence oｆｏnｅcolｏｕr ｔo anotｈer ｉs acquｉｒed as ｔheｙgroｗｕｐ、c、Ｍore peｏple ｈａppen to lｏvｅｂｒｏwn bｅcause theｙsaｗsome ｔhｉng broｗｎwｈeｎtｈey were bornd、Coｌoｕrs ｈave little iｎflｕence on our moods5、Ｔｈose whｏmittｅd suicｉde prefeｒreｄtｈe bridge oveｒthｅThameｓRiver near ｌｏndｏｎtoｏtheｒｓbｅcａuse ｏf _______、a、itｓsｈapeｂ、ｉts ｓtructurｅｃ、its coｌｏｕrd、ｉts buiｌdｉng materｉals答案:bcａac十二Social cuｓtomsａnd ｗays of behaving ｃhange、Things whｉcｈwere coｎｓｉdｅred iｍpoliｔｅmａｎｙyearsａｇo arｅnｏｗaccepｔa ｂle、Jusｔａｆew yearｓago，it wａs coｎｓidered iｍpoliｔｅbｅhaviｏur ｆoｒａman ｔo smoｋｅon sｔreet、No man who thｏught ｏf hｉｍｓelf ｂy sｍokinｇｗhen a ladｙwas ｉｎａｒoｏm、Cｕstomsａlso diffeｒfｒom ｃountrｙｔo coｕｎtry、Dｏｅｓ a ma ｎwaｌｋonｔhe left or the right ｏf a wｏman inｙoｕｒcounｔry？Ｏr doesn't iｔmatｔer？Shｏｕld yoｕuse botｈｈaｎds when yｏu arｅeaｔing? Shoｕld leave one ｉn yoｕr lap,oｒｏn the tablｅ？Tｈe Ameriｃans ａnd the Britisｈnｏｔｏnly spｅak thｅsame lａnguage buｔaｌｓo share a larｇｅnumber of sociａｌｃustoms、For exampｌe，in bｏth Aｍeriｃａaｎd Enｇlaｎd pｅoplｅｓhａke handｓw ｈeｎthｅｙｍeeｔeaｃh otｈer foｒtｈｅｆirst ｔｉme、Alｓｏ, ｍo ｓt Enｇlishmｅn ｗiｌl opeｎ a ｄoor for aｗｏnman or oｆfｅr tｈｅiｒseat to a wｏｍａn ，anｄｓo wiｌl mosｔAmｅricａｎs、Pｒomptnｅss ｉs importaｎｔbotｈin Engｌand and in Amｅrica、Ｔｈａｔiｓ，iｆａdｉnｎｅr iｎｖiｔａtioｎis fｏr7 o’clocｋ, tｈe dinnｅr gue ｓt eiｔhｅr arrｉｖes closｅto tｈat ｔiｍe or cａlls up to explain hｉs del ａy、Thｅimpｏｒｔａnt ｔhｉng to remｅｍber abouｔsｏcial custoｍｓis nｏt to ｄo anything thaｔmigｈt mａｋｅoｔｈeｒpeopｌe feｅl uｎf ｏｒtaｂle--—-—eｓpeciａlly if ｔhｅy aｒe yoｕr guestｓ、Wheｎthe fooｄwas serｖed , one ｏf tｈe ｇｕeｓts sｔraｔｅd ｔo eａt his ｐeasｗiｔh a knｉfe、Thｅｏther guｅstｓｗｅre aｍusｅd or sｈockｅd，but the host calｍly pｉｃked up his knｉfe and bｅｇａn eaｔing iｎthｅｓamｅway、Iｔwoｕld have beｅn ｂaｄｍanｎeｒｓto make hｉsｇueｓt fｅe ｌfoｏlｉsh ｏr unfortaｂｌe、1、Ｉf oｎｅhaｓaccｅpｔed ａｄinner inｖitation ，whａt should he ｄo iｆｈe iｓtｏｂe ｌaｔe ｆor tｈe dinｎeｒ？ａ、Hｅshoulｄfｉｎd an eｘcuseb、He ｓhoulｄａdkｆor exｃuse、c、Hｅｓhouｌd sａy sｏrryd、He should teｌephone to eｘｐｌaiｎｈis ｂeing laｔe、2、"It woulｄhave ｂeｅｎｂad ｍａnners ｔo mａｋe his guesｔs feel foolisｈｏr uｎｆortable、”"Bad ｍanｎｅｒs ＂mｅans ___＿____、a、uｇlyｂ、dishｏnｅsｔc、ｉmpolited、shamｅｆul3、wｈｉｃh of tｈｅfoｌlowｉng ｄo yｏu think iｓthe bｅst tiｌｔlｅfor this passagｅ?a、Sｏcial Ｃｕstoms and Cｕsｔｏmsb、Soｃial Lｉｆec、Americａnａnd BrｉtisｈＣustomsd、Prｏmptneｓs Ｉs Imｐortant４、Acｃｏrding to thｅｔeｘｔ，tｈe best ｈost_＿__＿_＿、ａ、ｔrｉｅs ｈis bｅｓt to mａke ｈiｓｇuestｓｆeｅl forｔableb、ｍａkes his gｕｅsts fｅelｅxciｔedc、triｅｓtｏavｏid being naｕghｔy to ｈｉsｇｕｅstsd、triｅs to aｖｏｉd being foolish5、Ｔhe auｔhor of tｈisａｒticｌe ｍay agｒee with ｗhiｃh ｏf the ｆol ｌowing？ａ、The guｅstｗho ate his peas witｈa knifｅｂ、The oｔher gｕests who weｒe amused ｏr sｈockedc、The hoｓt who piｃked up hiｓknｉfe and began eating ｉn ｔhe same wayd、None ofｔhe abovｅ答案:ｄｃａaｃ十三NeｗＯrleａns, Louｉsｉaｎa，was establisｈed as pａrt ｏf the Fｒench Empiｒｅin １７1８、Ｉts lｏcaｔion ｏn tｈe eａst bａnk of the Missｉssippi Rｉｖer gaveｉt ｃonｔｒol ｏｆthe Americａn ｈｉnｅrland anｄｉt became strategically im ｐortant to mａｎy natｉｏns、Itｗaｓtransfｅｒｒeｄfrom France ｔo Spaｉn, ｒeturneｄto Ｆraｎcｅ,and ｆinally ｓｏld ｂy NaｐｏleoｎtｏthｅUniｔed States in 1８03、Thｅcitｙwas tｈｅsite oｆ a famｏus bat ｔleｆｏｕght in1８15 ｂetween the Ｂｒitｉsh, who hoped tｏcｏｎtｒol iｔ，ａnd the Ａmｅrｉcansｕndｅr Genｅrａl Aｎｄrew Ｊaｃk ｓon、Thｅriｖerｂed ofｔhｅMissｉsｓipｐi iｓconstaｎtly sｉltiｎｇaｎd the rivｅｒis now ａcｔuａlｌｙhigher thaｎthe citｙ、Leveeｓhｏlｄback the rｉver and giant pumpsａre useｄto mｏvｅwａtｅr ｆrｏm ｔｈe city inｔo thｅｒivｅr、ＡlthoｕgｈNew Oｒｌｅaｎsｈaas beenａpart of ｔhｅUniｔed Sｔateｓfｏｒａlmost tｗo centｕries, its popｕlatｉon takes grｅaｔpride i ｎiｔs Fｒeｎｃh hｅrｉtage、Loｕisiａna stilｌｒetains parts of the Cｏｄe Napoleon ｗhich,form manｙyearｓ，ｗａｓitｓonly law、NeｗOｒｌeans is careｆreｅcitｙaｎｄｉt boasts iｔs hot，ｓpiｃｙCｒeolｅseafｏｏdａnｄits natｉve DixielanｄＪazz、The ｊackｓon Sｑuａre neighborhood maｉntａｉnsｉtｓＦrench ｃolonｉal homes and ｉn oｔｈｅr sｅctions areｐrｅ-Cｉvｉl Waｒmansiｏｎs、Visitors aｒe surｐrised tｏfind thａt behiｎd ｔｈis iｎteｒｅstiｎg facadｅoｆyeｓｔeryear, iｓa ｂuｓy ｉｎduｓｔrial and porｔciｔｙ、Ｇraｉnａnｄcoal e ｆｒom the Mｉｄwest aｎｄｆoｒeigｈcaｒgoeｓare unloaded ｈere、New Orleans ｉs no longｅr ａsｌｅepy Ｓouｔhern towｎ—--—ｂｕt it’s st ｉlｌfun to visit、1、Whａｔacｃｏunts for thｅleveeｓanｄpumpｓｉn Nｅw Orleans？a、The Miｓｓisｓippi frｅquently fｌoｏｄs tｈe cｉty、b、The riverbed haｓraisｅd intｈe past ２０0 yｅａrs、c、Tｈｅtorrentｉalｒａins flｏod the city frｅquenｔly、d、Tｈe hiｇhｈumidiｔy caｎnot ｏtheｒwise be ｔroｌｌeｄ、２、Ｔhe bａｔｔlｅof New Orleａns was foｕght bｙjackｓoｎａgainst_____＿、ａ、Frａnceｂ、Britａiｎc、Spaind、Tｈe Ｎoｒｔh3、Tｈe Code Nａｐoleoｎwas _______、a、aｎaｇrｅemｅnt to sell Loｕisianab、ａbｏdy of laｗsc、ａciｔy plａｎd、a miｌitarｙcode for thｅarmｙ４、Ｗｈｉch of the folloｗing elemenｔs ｄoes not applｙto the attiｕｄe of thｅiｎｈabitanｔs ｏf NｅｗOrleans？a、Ｐridｅin their Ｆｒｅnｃhｈeｒitage、b、A ｄesirｅｔo retain picｔuｒeｓque ｃｏｌonｉaｌbuilｄｉngs、c、A ｒｅｆusal to engaｇe in ｔｒade and mercｅｄ、A praising of Dixieland Jaｚｚ、5、Tourists vｉsitiｎg New Ｏrleａns aｒe ｓurｐriseｄto encoｕnter__＿_＿、a、Creole foodｂ、Diｘｉeｌａnd ｊazzｃ、bustling cityd、aｕthｅｎtic colｏnial hoｍes答案: bbｂｃc十四ThｅUniteｄStaｔes iｓｏnｔhe verge of loｓｉng its lｅading ｐlac ｅin ｔhe worｌd's tｅｃhnoｌｏgy、So sａyｓｍｏre thａn ｏｎｅsｔu ｄy ｉn rｅｃeｎt yeａrs、One ｏf the ｒeasｏns fｏr this ｄecline ｉｓthe paralｌel dｅclｉｎe in the nｕｍbｅr ｏf U、S、scｉentisｔs ａnd engｉneｅｒs、Ｓincｅ197６，eｍｐloymentｏｆｓcientists anｄｅnｇｉｎeeｒs ｉs u ｐ８5 peｒcｅｎt、Ｔｈiｓtｒｅnd ｉs eｘpected ｔo cｏｎtiｎue、Howevｅｒ，ｔｈeｔrend shows ｔhaｔthｅｎｕmｂer of２2－year-olds －-ｔhｅnｅar term ｓourｃe of fｕturｅPH、D、ｓ—ｉs decliｎｉng、F ｕrther aｄdingｔo ｔhｅproｂｌem ｉｓthe increasｅd peｔｉtiｏn foｒｔhesｅｃandiｄates frｏm ｏthｅr fｉelds-law，ｍｅdicine,business,etc、Ｗhｉle ｔhe nuｍｂeｒof U、S、ＰH、D、s ｉn ｓcｉeｎce ａnd engiｎeeri ｎg ｄecｌinｅｓ，the award of ＰH、D、s to fｏreｉgn ｎationaｌs iｓｉncr ｅasiｎg ｒapidｌy、Our inabiｌitｙtｏmｏtivate ｓtudents tｏpursue scieｎcｅand engiｎeerinｇcareerｓat the graduate levｅｌis poundeｄｂｅcａｕse of the ｉnｔensｅdemand industｒｙｈas ｆor bright Ｂachｅｌor'ｓand Mastｅr's dｅgｒee holders、Ｔｏo often, promising PH、D、candｉdatｅs，coｎfｒoｎting the cｏst ａnｄｆinancｉaｌsacrｉfice of pursuiｎg theirｅducａtｉｏn,ｆiｎd ｔhe attrａｃｔiｏｎof industry irresｉsｔibｌe、1、Ｔｈe U、S、will e to lｏse iｔs lｅading ｐlace ｉｎteｃhnｏｌogy pｒｏbably bｅcａｕse_____＿_＿、a、ｔhｅnuｍberｏf PH、D、degrｅe hoｌｄers is decｌininｇb、thｅnumber of sｃieｎtｉsts aｎｄeｎgｉneers ｉｓdeｃｒeaｓｉｎgc、thｅｎumberｏf 2２-yeａｒ-ilｄｓis dｅｃｌｉniｎgd、ｓｃientists and eｎｇiｎeers ａrｅｎoｔemｐｌoyｅd２、The fiｅｌd of ｓciencｅanｄeｎgineeｒｉng is ｆacinｇa petit ｉｏn from__＿__＿＿_、a、technolｏgyｂ、foreｉgn naｔioｎaｌｓｃ、such fieldｓａｓｌaｗ, mｅdicine ａnｄbusinｅssd、poｓtｇraｄuates3、Largｅ-ｓｃaｌe ｅnterprｉseｓｎow neeｄ＿______、a、bright ｇradｕａtｅsａnｄｐoｓtgｒaduateｓb、new inventionsｃ、ａdvancedｔechnoｌｏgyｄ、eｎgｉneeｒｓ４、Ｍａny ｐromisiｎｇpoｓtgraduates are ｕnwilｌｉnｇto pｕrsue a ＰH、D、ｄｅgrｅe because ______＿__、a、thｅy aｒe noｔencｏuraｇeｄto be enｇaged inｓcienceb、ｉndustｒy dｏeｓnot rｅquire PH、D、hｏldeｒsc、tｈey have finａncial difficultiesd、theｙwiｌl spend much time and ｅｎergy plｅting ＰH、D、5、PH、D、candiｄates”find ｔｈe attｒaction ofｉｎduｓtry ｉrreｓｉstiｂle"meaｎs thaｔ＿＿_______、a、ｔhｅy ｆind iｎdustry is aｔｔｒａctinｇmｏｒe and more ｃoｌle ｇｅstuｄeｎtsb、theｙdon'ｔｔｈiｎk they can prｅｖent themselveｓfrom wｏrkiｎg foｒinｄusｔｒyc、they cannot ｒesist aｎy attractｉon frｏm ａllｓiｄesd、thｅy cａnnot workｆor inｄｕstｒy any ｌonger答案：bcａdb十五Newｄａyｓ,ａstandaｒd foｒｍeasｕｒing poweｒhas cｈanged、Ｔhes ｅcｈangeｓfｏｒetｅll a new sｔaｎdard for measurｉng power、Nｏloｎｇer will a natｉon＇s pｏlitical iｎfｌｕence be baseｄｓｏlｅｌy on tｈe str ｅｎgｔh of ｉts military forcｅs、Of coｕrse, mｉlｉtary efｆectiｖeｎess will re ｍaiｎ a pｒimary ｐrｉmary meaｓureｏf power、But pｏlｉticａl influｅｎce iｓａｌsｏcｌoseｌy tied ｔo industrial peｔｉｔiveness、It’s ofｔｅn ｓaid ｔhat witｈouｔitｓｍilitary ｔhe Sｏviet Uniｏn wouｌｄreally be a t ｈird—wｏrld natiｏｎ、The nｅｗstａndard of ｏpｗｅｒａnｄinｆｌｕencｅtｈａt is ｅvoｌviｎg now plaｃes more emphasis on the abiｌity of ａcountry tｏｐeｔｅeffectｉｖely iｎtｈe ecｏnｏmｉｃｍaｒkets of the ｗoｒlｄ、Americaｍusｔrecognｉze thiｓnew coｕrsｅof ｅveｎts、Ouｒsuccｅｓs iｎsｈａpinｇｗorld eveｎtｓoｖer the pasｔ４０ｙearｓhaｓbeeｎthｅｄiｒect resuｌt oｆｏｕｒabｉliｔｙto ａｄａｐt ｔe ｃhnｏlｏgyａnd ｔｏtake advantagｅof tｈe capabilitiesｏf our ｐeople for the puｒpose oｆｍaintaiｎinｇpeace、Oｕr ｉnｄustriａl prowess ov ｅr most of ｔhｉs pｅrioｄwas unchａlｌｅnｇｅd、It is ironiｃtｈat ｉt iｓjust ｔhiｓｐｒｏwess that has eｎabled otheｒcouｎtrｉｅｓto ｐroｓp ｅr and iｎtｕrｎto tｈrｅaten ｏｕr iｎduｓtriaｌlｅaderｓｈip、Ｔhe ｐｅｔitiveneｓｓof Ａmｅriｃa’ｓiｎｄuｓtrial basｅiｓan isｓｕe biｇｇer ｔｈaｎtｈｅDepartment oｆＤｅｆense and is gｏing to ｒeq ｕirｅthe eｆforts of thｅmajｏr institutional ｆｏｒcｅs iｎour sociｅty—govｅrnmｅnt，ｉndustrｙ，aｎd eｄuｃation、Thａt is nｏt ｔｏsay that th ｅDｅfenｓe Depａｒtmeｎｔwｉll nｏｔbｅａstroｎg ｆｏrce in tｈe process bｅcａｕse weｗill、Bｕt ｗe simply ｃａnｎot be，noｒｓhoｕl ｄwe be，ｌoｏked upon ｂy others aｓｔhe sａviｏr of Ａmｅrｉｃａn industｒy、１、Ｎoｗａnatｉon＇ｓpolｉtｉｃaｌinｆlueｎce depends on _______＿_、a、ｔheｓｔrｅngｔh ｏf its ｍiｌitaｒy fｏrｃeｓb、ｉts abｉlｉtｙtｏpｅte iｎｉｎdusｔｒyc、eｃonｏmｉc maｒｋｅｔsd、botｈａand b２、The Ｓoviet Union was not ｌisteｄaｓa thiｒd-wｏrlｄnation just bｅｃaｕse of __＿__＿＿__、a、itｓpｏｗerfulｍｉlｉtary forcesb、ｉｔs ｖaｓｔlaｎdc、itｓiｎduｓtｒial ｐｅtｉｔivenesｓｄ、ｉts coｎtribｕtｉons to world peaｃe3、Tｈe aｕthoｒｉndicａtｅｓtｈaｔ____＿_is threａteｎing American ｐolitｉcal pｏwer、a、ｏther coｕｎｔrieｓb、ｔｈe deｃlining U、S、indｕstrial bａsec、a ｎｅw sｔandaｒd for measuriｎg poｗeｒd、lesｓａdvaｎced technology4、Amｅricａsucceeded ｉn shaping ｗoｒld eventｓover paｓt 40 yｅａrs ｐrobably becaｕseｏf ______＿____、a、its abiｌiｔｙｔｏａdaｐｔtecｈnｏｌｏｇｙb、its ability ｔｏｔake advantage of tｈｅcapabiｌitiｅsｏf its pe ｏplec、its aｂiliｔy to pｅｔe in the ｗｏｒlｄmaｒkeｔsd、both a ａｎd b5、Ｔhｅpurpｏｓe oｆwrｉｔｉｎg ｔｈis artｉcle ｉs __________、ａ、to dｒaw the reａｄers’ａtｔentiｏｎｔｏ a neｗstaｎdarｄfor ｍe ａsuｒing powerｂ、toｄemonstrａtｅＡmericaｎpoｌiｔical influｅｎce in tｈe woｒldc、ｔo ｅmphasize thaｔeffｏｒｔs ｍｕｓｔｂe made to ｓtrenｇthe ｎthe dｅcｌｉｎiｎg U、Ｓ、industrial based、ｔo show Americａnｉndusｔｒiaｌprｏwesｓ答案：daｂdｃ。
大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)
书名：《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇出版社：上海交通大学出版社1/200.There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a buildin g is no stronger than its foundation, out long-term goals cannot amount to ver y munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing o ur short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they cou ld even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you sh ould never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you com plete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succee d. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cov er five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a lon g-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1. Our long-term goals mean a lot ________.a. if we complete our short-range goalsb. if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc. if we write down the datesd. if we put forward some plans2. New short-term goals are bulid upon ________.a. two yearsb. long-term goalsc. current activitiesd. the goals that have been completed3. When we complete each step of our goals, ________.a. we will win final successb. we are overwhelmedc. we should build up confidence of successd. we should strong desire for setting new goals4. Once our goals are drawn up, ________.a. we should stick to them until we complete themb. we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc. we had better wait for the exciting news of successd. we have made great decision5. It is implied but not stated in the passage that ________.a. those who habe long-term goals will succeedb. writing down the dates may discourage youc. the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd. every should have a goal1/200答案：adcbc2/200The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped a ny postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950's, may be typical as illustrating the r apid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 perc ent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country's business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income ava ilable for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million doll ars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million w anted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was no t sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mi d-1920's. As farmer's shre of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were n ot as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950'sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950'sc. U. S. Economy in the 50'sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4, the word “boom” could best be replaced by ________.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the U nited States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of ________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy i n the 1950's?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U. S. was grea ter in 1955 than in 1950. How much was it?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％2/200答案：cdabc3/200Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because ther e are so few women full professors. In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encourag ing women. The University was rated among the lowest for the system. In a 1 987 update, Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for ev en more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to info rm women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon, said it is impo rtant that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus, many times in order for her to succeed, she must rise above the problems around her and concent rate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the Univ ersity and all academia, inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that a re important here at the University."Spirduso said."If they do that will be succ essful in this system. If they spend their time in little groups mourning the se xual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1. According to Spirduso, women need to ________.a. produce a report on sexual discriminationb. call for further improvement in their working conditionsc. spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd. spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2. From this passage, we know that ________.a. there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb. women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc. the weather on the campus is chillyd. women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the Universi ty3. Which of the following statements is true?a. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater tha n that of 1985b. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller th an that of 1985c. the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d. more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did ex it in the University4. One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that ________.a. women were told to con centrate on teir workb. women were given information about available administrative jobsc. women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unve rsityd. women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be ________.a. The University of Texasb. Milburn's Reportc. Women Professorsd. Sexual Discrimination in Academia3/200答案：ddabd4/200Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U. S. adlescents wil l smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adult s. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will b e murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of d eath.Since the late 1970 s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is i mpressive, several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970 s, smoking among male high school seniors e xceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Thi rd, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively h igh smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most ef fecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by __ ______.a. traffic accidentsb. smoking-related deseasec. murderd. all of these2. Every day there are over ________ high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003. By "dropout" the author means ________.a. students who failed the examinationb. students who left schoolc. students who lost their wayd. students who were driven out of school4. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a. NCI has taken effective measuresb. smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc. there are many smokers who have died of cancerd. none of these5. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a. smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb. there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc. high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd. smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds4/200答案：bdbdb5/200The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although scien ce has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the sa me time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different c ultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a n ew discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized tha t nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additivies, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it be comes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging label s of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are no t all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and be cause of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtai n a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA. has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1. What is the best possible title of the passage?a. Drug and Foodb. Cancer and Healthc. Food and Healthd. Health and Drug2. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some a re given to the living animalsc. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?a. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.4. What are nitrates used for?a. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b. They preserve the color of meats.c. They are the objects of research.d. They cause the animals to become fatter.5. The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means ' ________'.a. trouble-makingb. color-retainingc. money-makingd. cancer-causing5/200答案：cacbd6/200As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxati on. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from m orning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a heal thy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In f act, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of str ess is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the indivi dual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously p rime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react b oth chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or de ath. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however littl e the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts lon g, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established lin ks with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be un wise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.1. People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because ____ ____.a. they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb. they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc. they are travelling fast all the timed. they are becoming busier with their work2. According to the writer, the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a. not fearing stressb. knowing the art of relaxationc. high sense of responsibilityd. having control over performance3. Which of the follwing statements is ture?a. We can find some ways to avoid stressb. Stress is always harmful to peoplec. It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d. Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4. In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to ________.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5. In the last sentence of the passage,"do so" refers to ________.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"6/200答案：dadbcIn the 1960 s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U. S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out"of American society and for m their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called"co mmunes,"where they could follow their philosophy of"do your own thing."A gr oup of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called"Drop City." Fol lowing the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built do meshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken K esey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped o rganize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some memb ers of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing,"however. Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960 s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely to gether in one large building called an"archology" Soleri believes that people m ust live closely together so that they will all become one.1. Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960 s?a. They were not satisfied with American society.b. They wanted to grow marijuana.c. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d. They did not want all people to be equal.2. Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a. In dome-shaped houseb. In old school husesc. On a farm inTennesseed. In an archology in Arizona3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a. Paolo Solerib. B. G. Skinnerc. Steve Gaskind. Buckminster Fuller4. What was the Twin Oaks commune base on?a. The philosophy of "do your own thing"b. Virginaia in the late 1960 sc. The ideas of psychologistd. The belief that people must live closely togerher.5. What is an "archology"?a. A person who studies archaeologyb. A large building where people live closely togetherc. A city in A rizonad. A technique to contorl people7/200答案：abdcb8/200There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some bein g more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportu nities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the so rt of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never atta in the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth proce sses were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents o f low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities. Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their in telligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average an d fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same leve l.1. This selection can best be titled ________.a. Measuring Your Intelligenceb. Intelligence and Environmentc. The Case of Peter and Markd. How the brain Influences Intelligence2. The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that ________.a. human brains differ considerablyb. the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is ________.a.85b.100c.110d.1254. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____ ___.a. individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentc. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced. changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5. This passage suggests that an individual 's I. Q. ________.a. can be predicted at birthb. stays the same throuthout his lifec. can be increased by educationd. is determined by his childhood8/200答案：bcbcc9/200As she walked round the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult i t was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wishes that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides, shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience: people trod on your toes, poked you with their elbows and almost knocked yo u overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk,"the assistant assured her, trying to t empt her."Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that he r choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small cr owd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale - and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long: although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home, with her small well-chosen present concealed in her hand bag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an espec ially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1. Edith's father ________.a. did not like presentb. never got presentc. preferred tiesd. was difficult to choose a present for2. The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed ________.a. attractiveb. interested in tiesc. tiredd. in need of comfort3. Edith stopped at the next counter ________.a. puroselyb. suddenlyc. unwillinglyd. accidentally4. Edith's father smoked a pipe ________.a. when he was obligedb. on social occasionsc. from time to timed. when he was delighted5. Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because ________.a. coustomers trod on each other's toesb. coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc. customers knocked each otherd. customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry9/200答案：dbdcd10/200If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the m iddle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it neces sary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other pla nets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American s cientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it wi ll be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world al most as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than th e earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold at mospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be p laced in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets i nto the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbo n dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on i t but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1. Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ________.a. foodb. oilc. spaced. resources2. Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because ___ _____a. it might be possible to change its atmosphereb. its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc. there is a good supply of water on Venusd. the days on Venus are long enough3. On Venus there is a lot of ________.a. waterb. carbon dioxidec. carbon monoxided. oxygen4. Algae are plants that can ________.a. live in very hot temperaturesb. live in very cold temperaturesc. manufacture oxygend. all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when ________.a. the algae have done their workb. the atmosphere becomes coolerc. thereis oxygend. it rains there10/200答案：cabdd11/200What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, yo u must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have b een seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up - we are born with our pre ference. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened you r eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods - there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the o ther hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near Lo ndon, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area - until it was repainter green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fel l sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accid ents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means ________.a. you don't like to follow othersb. you would be a member rather than a leaderc. you would be afraid of following othersd. you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2. If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer ________.a. red to yellowb. blue to orangec. red to greyd. blue to yellow。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. Butthere were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agricula tural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which o f the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist. "Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 19852c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little3b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.4Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and5architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.6The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.7Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of8supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on V enus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is9depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案：bcaac大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十二（含答案）Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.10。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇(含答案)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may betypical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here atthe University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in thelate 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control theseprocedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves thesame response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses andtraveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain heis born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of V enus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up."。
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(一)
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（一）一There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.a.if we complete our short-range goalsb.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsc.if we write down the datesd.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.a.two yearsb.long-term goalsc.current activitiesd.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.a.we will win final successb.we are overwhelmedc.we should build up confidence of successd.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.a.we should stick to them until we complete themb.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesc.we had better wait for the exciting news of successd.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.a.those who habe long-term goals will succeedb.writing down the dates may discourage youc.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationd.every should have a goal答案：adcbc二The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical ye ar of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business s pent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 4 , the word “boom”could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案：cdabc三Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd四Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb五The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbdWhat is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.a.besides other factsb.in regard to other factsc.not considering other factsd.according to other facts4.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.a.its shapeb.its structurec.its colourd.its building materials答案：bcaac十二Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?a.He should find an excuseb.He should adk for excuse.c.He should say sorryd.He should telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?a.Social Customs and Customsb.Social Lifec.American and British Customsd.Promptness Is Important4.According to the text, the best host_______.a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortableb.makes his guests feel excitedc.tries to avoid being naughty to his guestsd.tries to avoid being foolish5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following?a.The guest who ate his peas with a knifeb.The other guests who were amused or shockedc.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayd.None of the above答案：dcaac十三New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes areunloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3.The Code Napoleon was _______.a.an agreement to sell Louisianab.a body of lawsc.a city pland.a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerced.A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____.a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes答案：bbbcc十四The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers.Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.a. the number of PH.D. degree holders is decliningb. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasingc. the number of 22-year-ilds is decliningd. scientists and engineers are not employed2.The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ .a. technologyb. foreign nationalsc. such fields as law, medicine and businessd. postgraduatesrge-scale enterprises now need _______.a. bright graduates and postgraduatesb. new inventionsc. advanced technologyd. engineers4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree because _________.a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in scienceb. industry does not require PH.D. holdersc. they have financial difficultiesd. they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D.5.PH.D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _________.a. they find industry is attracting more and more college studentsb. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industryc. they cannot resist any attraction from all sidesd. they cannot work for industry any longer答案：bcadb十五Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.. .. . .The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.1. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________.a. the strength of its military forcesb. its ability to compete in industryc. economic marketsd. both a and b2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _________.a. its powerful military forcesb. its vast landc. its industrial competitivenessd. its contributions to world peace3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.a. other countriesb. the declining U.S. industrial basec. a new standard for measuring powerd. less advanced technology4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of ___________.a. its ability to adapt technologyb. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peoplec. its ability to compete in the world marketsd. both a and b5. The purpose of writing this article is __________.a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerb. to demonstrate American political influence in the worldc. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial based. to show American industrial prowess答案：dabdc. . . w。
英语四级阅读理解练习题
英语四级阅读理解练习题Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Passage 1: The Benefits of ReadingReading is a habit that can enrich one's life in many ways.It not only broadens one's knowledge but also improvescritical thinking skills. According to recent studies,reading can reduce stress and improve mental health. Moreover, it is a great way to learn new vocabulary and improvelanguage proficiency. The following questions are based onthe passage.Questions:1. What are some benefits of reading mentioned in the passage?2. How does reading affect mental health according to the passage?3. What can reading do for one's language skills?Passage 2: The Impact of Technology on EducationThe rapid advancement of technology has had a profound impact on the field of education. It has transformed the wayteachers teach and students learn. Online courses, digital textbooks, and interactive learning platforms are becoming increasingly popular. However, there are concerns about the digital divide and the potential negative effects onstudents' social skills. The following questions are based on the passage.Questions:1. How has technology changed the education system?2. What are some concerns regarding the use of technology in education?3. What is the term referred to as the "digital divide"?Passage 3: Environmental Protection and Individual ResponsibilityEnvironmental protection is a global concern that requiresthe collective effort of every individual. Simple actionssuch as recycling, conserving water, and reducing energy consumption can make a significant difference. It isimportant for individuals to be aware of their ecological footprint and to make conscious choices to reduce theirimpact on the environment. The following questions are basedon the passage.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What are some actions individuals can take to protect the environment?3. Why is it important for individuals to be aware of their ecological footprint?Part II: Close ReadingRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.Passage 4: The Importance of SleepSleep is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. It plays a crucial role in physical health, mental health,and cognitive functioning. Lack of sleep can lead to various health issues, including obesity, heart disease, and poor mental health. The quality and quantity of sleep are equally important. The following questions are based on the passage.Questions:1. Why is sleep important for our health?2. What are some health issues that can arise from lack of sleep?3. How does the passage differentiate between the quality and quantity of sleep?End of the Practice ExerciseNote: This exercise is designed to help you practice reading comprehension skills and prepare for the English Level 4 examination. It is important to read each passage carefully, understand the main ideas, and answer the questions accurately. Remember to manage your time effectively during the actual test.Good luck with your preparation!。
四级英语阅读理解答案
四级英语阅读理解答案【篇一：大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案】lass=txt>as the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. but relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. in fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed tobe .a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.the amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. when exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. in fact we make choice between fight or flight and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. the crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. it is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.people are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important forhealth c.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.according to the writer ,the most important character fora good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.which of the follwing statements is ture?a.we can find some ways to avoid stressb.stress is always harmful to peoplec.it is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.in paragraph 3, such a reaction refers back to_______.a.making a choice between flight or fightb.reaction to stress both chemically and physicallyc.responding to crises quicklyd.losing heart at the signs difficulties5.in the last sentence of the passage,do so refers to ______.a.expose ourselves to stressb.find ways to deal with stressc.remove stress from our livesd.established links between diseases and stress答案： dadbc七in the 1960s, many young americans were dissatisfied with american society. they wanted to end the vietnam war and to make all of the people in the u.s. epual. some of them decided to drop out of american society and form their own societies . they formed utopian communities , which they called communes, where they could follow their philosophy of do your own thing. a group of artists founded a commune in southern colorado called drop city. following the ideas of philosopher and architect buckminster fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. other groups, such as author ken keseys merry pranksters, the followers fo san francisco poet steve gakin, and a group that called itself the hog farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the united states. the hog farm become famous when they helped organize the woodstock rock festival in 1969. steve gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.not all communes believed in the philosophy of do you own thing, however . twin oaks , a commune founded in virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologistb.f.skinner. the people who lived at twin oaks were carefully controlled by skinners conditioning techniques to do things that were good for the community. in 1972, italian architect paolo soleri began to build arcosanti, a utopian city arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an archology soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.why did some young americans decide to drop outof scoiety during the 1960s?a.they were not satisfiedwith american society.b.they wanted to grow marijuana.c.they wanted to go to the vietnam war.d.they did not want all people to be equal.2.where did the members of the hog farm commune live?a.in dome-shaped houseb.in old school husesc.on a farm intennesseed.in an archology in arizona3.who gave the people of drop city the idea to buliddome-shaped house?a.paolo soleric.steve gaskind.buckminster fuller4.what was the twin oaks commune base on ?a.the philosophy of do your own thingb.virginaia in the late 1960sc.the ideas of psychologistd.the belief that people must live closely togerher.5.what is an archology?a.a person who studies archaeologyb.a large building where people live closelytogether c.a city in a rizonad.a technique to contorl people答案： abdcb八there are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. the first is the sort of brain he is born with. human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. but no matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless hehas opportunities to learn.so the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. if an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will failto develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence ofwhich he is capable.the importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, peter and mark x. being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. when the twins were three months old , their parentsdied, and they were placed in separate foster homes. peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunitywith poor educational pooprtunities.mark was reared inthehome of well-to-do parents who had been to college. he wasread to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.this enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence.marks i.q. was 125,1.this selection can best be titled_________.a.measuring your intelligenceb.intelligence and environmentc.the case of peter and markd.how the brain influences intelligence2.the beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that_____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant indetermining his intelligencec.environment is crucial indetermining a persons intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.according to the passage , the average i.q.is _____.40 篇】【篇二：大学英语四级阅读理解试题聆听，用思想去发展，用努力去奋斗，用目标去权衡，用爱去生活。
最新大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一大学英语四级考试40个阅读理解问题之一(包括答案)在那里是三种目标:短期、中期和长期目标.短程目标是那些通常与当前活动相关的目标，我们可以每天应用这些目标目标可以在一周或更短的时间内实现，或者两周或可能的几个月.It 应该请记住，就像一座建筑没有地基那么坚固一样，如果不实现坚实的短期目标，我们的长期目标就不能称之为大嚼完成我们的短期目标，我们应该确定时间，然后在已经完成的基础上增加新的短期目标.这中期目标建立在短期目标.他们的基础上可能只处理一个学期或整个学年，或者他们甚至可以延长几年.任意时间你一步一步地前进，你永远不应该让自己变得气馁或不知所措如同你完成了每一步，你将会坚信自己有能力成长和成功如同你的完成日期列表会增加，你的动机和愿望会增加. 远程目标可能与我们对未来的梦想有关.她们可能涵盖五年或更长时间.生活不是静止的东西.我们应该永远不要让长期目标限制我们或我们的行动1 .我们的长期的目标意味着很多________.A.if我们完成我们的短期目标B .如果我们如果C .则无法实现稳定的短期目标我们写下日期D .如果我们提出一些计划2 .新短期的目标是建立在_______.之上的a .2年b .长期目标c .电流活动D.the目标3 .何时完成我们完成我们目标的每一步，_______.A.we将赢得最终成功B .我们是不知所措的C.we应该树立成功的信心设定新目标的强烈愿望4 .一次我们的制定了目标A.we应该坚持下去，直到我们完成它们可能改变我们的目标，因为我们有新的想法和机会有最好等待令人兴奋的成功消息有做出了伟大的决定5 .它存在文章中暗示但未说明________.a .那些谁一个长期的目标将会成功向下日期可能会让你沮丧目标只是指引我们达到我们的目标D .每有一个目标答案:adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解测试40第2篇(含答案)1952年后的美国经济是一个吃得好、几乎全部就业的经济去核偶尔有警报响起，这个国家躲过了战后的任何萧条，生活在繁荣.的状态中A1955年的经济调查是20世纪50年代的一个典型年份，它可以典型地说明这十年的经济快速增长这国民产值比1954年增长了10 %( 1955年的产值估计为3920亿美元).这制造商的产量比第二次世界大战后几年的平均产量高出约40% 这这个国家的企业在新工厂和新机器上花费了大约300亿美元国家的可用于消费的收入几乎比1950年增加了三分之一.顾客花费了大约2560亿美元；也就是每天大约7亿美元，或者每小时大约2500万美元，全天.六十五岁100万人有工作，只有200多万人想要工作，但找不到.仅仅农业抱怨说它没有在房间里分享.到一些观察家认为这是20世纪20年代中期的不祥回声如同农民的产品销售下降，营销成本上升.但是在国民经济的观察家中，有几个人不如大多数人自信那些似乎很少有人担心繁荣不会持续下去，最终会导致相反的结果——萧条.1.什么这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？a.这20世纪50年代的农业趋势b.这1950年代的失业率c.U.S.经济在50年代d.这1952年联邦预算2.在第3行，“吊杆”一词最好用________.来代替a.附近的爆炸b.雷鸣般的噪声c.一般公众支持d.快速的经济增长3.它可以从1955年美国大多数人看待国民经济的态度中推断出国民a.信心b.混乱c.失望怀疑4.哪个20世纪50年代，以下哪些人对国民经济最不满意？a. 经济学家b.Frmaersc.政治家d.钢铁工人5.这文章指出，美国可用于消费的收入.S.是1955年大于1950年.怎么多少钱？a.60%b.50%33%d.90%答:cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解测试第3卷，共40页(含答案) 女性在政府中的代表性也不足，这是因为女性全职教授很少.在1985年，摄政王贝里尔·米尔伯恩发表了一份报告，抨击德克萨斯大学系统管理部门不鼓励女性大学被评为系统最低之一.英寸a《1987年更新》,米尔伯恩赞扬了所取得的进展，并呼吁进一步改进.一个她的研究的积极成果之一是一项全系统的计划，旨在让妇女了解可获得的行政工作.大学传播学院副院长帕特里卡·威瑟斯彭说，如果女性想升职，在搬家时保持灵活性是很重要的尽管一个女人在校园里可能会面临寒冷的气候，很多时候为了成功，她必须克服身边的问题，专心工作直到在大学和所有学术界的高级职位中，女性所占的比例更大，不平等将会存在.“女人需要把他们的精力和时间花在大学重要的学术活动上.”Spirdusosaid.“如果他们这样做将在这个系统中成功.如果她们花时间在小组里哀悼他们认为存在的性别歧视，他们在浪费宝贵的学习时间。
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大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may betypical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here atthe University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in thelate 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control theseprocedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves thesame response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses andtraveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.。