信息技术与英语学科课程整合文献综述
信息技术与英语学科课程整合
外文学院03级教育硕士戚玉秀
学号：030400200045
文献综述
一、信息技术与英语学科整合的背景
二十世纪八十年代以后，计算机真正在教育领域发生较大影响，信息技术课程整合的概念的提出与计算机教育发展和计算机文化的提出密切相关。随着信息技术的飞速发展，人们发现计箅机具有很大的特殊性，它可以充当多种角色——学习对象、内容、学习工具、环境、教师、同伴。鉴于此，人们开始考虑，将信息技术与课程的方方面面进行整合。
中学英语新大纲明确指出：要激发和培养学生的学习兴趣，力求更进——步地体现语言的交际功能，即更加注重培养学生的听、说、读、写等方面的交际能力：体现社会功能，即对在交际中获取的大量信息进行分析和处理，以此了解社会、发展思维，培养学生的实践能力和创新精神。从上面可以看出，发展、培养学生的听、说、读、写能力是多么的重要。而为了提高这几方面的能力，教师往往要花费大量的时间和精力。新版教材要求学生在短时间内对大量的信息进行吸收、消化、分析、处理和反馈，特别是阅读课，在学生获得一定的语言知识的同时，培养他们的听、况、读、写这几方面的能力，这就使教育科学领域内的高新技术(远程教育、网络教育、多媒体教学等)势必要进入课堂，而信息技术与英语学科整合问题，也随着摆上重要的地位。
课程整合的教学模式是我国基础教育教学改革的新观点，它的研究与实施为学生主体性、创新精神的培养创设了良好的基础，教学观念、教学设计的指导思想、教师的角色和学生的角色都会发生较大的变化。我国英语教师日益重视学生对所学知识的建构，能力的培养，教学设计从以知识为中心转变为以资源为中心，以学生为中心，学生在占有丰富资源的基础上完成听、说、读、写各种能力的培养，学生成为学习的主体，教师成为学生学习的指导者、帮助者、组织者。在信息技术与英语学科整合过程中，信息技术主要发挥以下四种作用：
1，信息技术提供资源环境
教师可以使用现成的计算机辅助英语教学软件或多媒体素材库。
2，信息技术作为信息加工工具
此种教学方式，重点培养学生的信息加工能力和思维的表达能力，达到对大量知识的内化。
3，信息技术作为协作工具
协作学习有利于促进学生高级认知能力的发展，计算机网络技术为信息技术和英语课程整合，为实现协作式学习提供了良好的技术基础和支持环境。
4，信息技术作为研究工具
培养学生的探索能力、发现问题和解决问题的能力，创造性思维能力，这是教育的更高的目标。在实现这种目标的英语教学中，信息技术扮演着“研究工具”的角色。
信息技术的推广与应用带动了教育教学的改革，促进了教育模式的转化。把传统的教育教学模式与信息技术结舌起来，探索提高教育教学质量的新途径，同样是课程整合的有机组成部分。具体的整合教学模
式有以下几种：
1．展示式教学模式。所谓展示式教学模式，利用Authorware，PowerPoint或Microsoft Word等微机软件制作的课件，然后在教学过程中按作者的意图播放，促进学习者的认知的教学模式。
2．操练式教学模式。信息技术使课堂操练的方式多样化。主要包括口语操练模式和检测练习操练模式。3．主体参与式教学模式。素质教育提倡“教为主导，学为主体”的教学思想，还学生主动思维的空间。在实际的英语课堂教学当中，往往是数种教学模式并用，根据教学的步骤选取恰当的教学模式。
二，信息技术与英语学科整合的理论依据
从现代学习理论和教学理论来看，建构主义学习理论在90年代得到迅速发展。建构主义认为：知识是通过学习者在一定的情景下，借助他人的帮助，利用必要的资料，通过意义建构的方式而获得的。强调：
⑴以学生为中心认为学生是认知的主体，是知识意义的主动建构者，教师对学生的意义建构起帮助和促进作用；
⑵强调情景对意义建构的重要作用，认为学习总是与一定的情景相联系的，学习者在实际情景下利用自己原有的认知结构中的有关经验去同化和顺应当前学到的知识，并赋予新知识某种意义，如果原有经验不能同化新知识，则要重组原有知识结构；
⑶强调协作学习对意义建构的关键作用，认为学习者与周围环境的交互作用对知识意义的建构起着关键的作用；
⑷强调对学习环境的设计,认为学习环境是学习者进行自由探索和自主学习的场所,在学习环境中学
生可以利用各种工具和信息资源来达到自己的学习目标。
三、存在的问题与改进的建议
信息技术与各个学科课程整合，是当前现代信息技术教育普及过程中的一个热点问题，也是全面实施素质教育，培养学生创造意识和实践能力的重要手段。实现信息技术与英语教学的整合，就是要鼓励英语教师在英语教学中广泛应用信息技术手段，充分利用现代信息技术和信息资源，改革教学方式和学习方法，从而培养学生探究、实践、思考和综合运用的能力，最终达到利用信息技术改善学习的目，但还存在一些不足，希望一线老师引起注意。
1.目的要明确
信息技术与英语学科整合不是简单的结合，而是将信息技术融入到课程的有机整体中，成为其有机整体的一部分，其主体是课程，而非信息技术。所以，我们在整合过程中，应以英语课程目标为最根本出发点，以改善学习者学习英语的学习方式、提高学习效率为目的，把信息技术的应用“毫无痕迹”地融合在课程实施中，最终实现学习方式的根本变革，将传统的接受式转变为主动学习、探究学习、研究性学习和合作性学习。实施整合的一切行为，都应围绕课程目标和如何改善学习这个中心，切勿以牺牲课程目标的实现为代价，再增设有关信息技术的新目标或其他目标。
2. 内容要适度
计算机最具魅力，集图、文、音、像、画、照片等功能于一体，以其信息量大、传递快的优越性而被广大教师和学生钟爱，优化课堂的作用。但不是说因为效果好，就应该“多多宜善”。信息技术要恰当地
为课程目标服务，绝不能为使用而使用。在使用多媒体辅助教学时，信息一定要适度，内容一定要有代表性，并留足学生和教师充分交流，只有这样，才能达到真正意义上的整合。同时，在利用信息技术为学生提供学习资源时，一定要选择与教材内容相统一的资料，要选那些如何将抽象化为具体、将难点化为易点的资料，切忌牵强附会、驴头不对马嘴等现象发生。
3. 要务求实效
1）是不要搞花架子。要把信息技术辅助英语教学的应用经常化、习惯化，不要只是偶尔在优质课评比中或公开课中使用。
2）是要避免计算机辅助英语教学一刀切。计算机确有传统教学工作的一切功能，但是不是说明有了计算机，传统的教学手段都统统抛掉，像录音机、录相机、投影仪、卡片等都不见了踪影，任何一种工具都有它的利与弊，我们要用其长、避其短。
3）是要实现真正的人机互动。整合的目的是为了让学生学会学习、学会思考。如果只是把信息技术辅助教学作为综合资料在计算机里的一种简单演示，就变得毫无价值。因此，在教学过程中，教师要借助多媒体诱发学生的情感活动，使学生积极参与课堂教学的各个环节，真正成为学习的主人。教师要及时关注学生对课堂信息的每一种反应，并积极做出相应的“对答”，使学生受到感染和启示，激发求知欲望。
四、结论：
信息技术与英语学科整合，重在过程。整个教学过程通过先进的教学手段，为学生设置问题设置情景，并通过步步提示，让学生发现和掌握规律，寻求解决问题的思路和方法。可以说，英语学科在信息技术环境下进行教学是培养素质型和创造型人才的最有效途径，将受到越来越多英语教师的钟爱，只要在整合过程注意学习科学的教学理论，深入钻研教材，运用的恰当教学模式并妥善处理好上述几个问题，就能有效提高课堂教学效率和教学质量
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Y i b i n U n i v e r s i t y 2015届本科毕业论文文献综述 题目_翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 二级学院外国语学院 专业英语 学生姓名简汝梦 学号年级 2011级 指导教师徐文英职称讲师 年月日 文献综述 翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 Study on the Translation Strategies of English Prepositions Based on Skopos Theory 摘要：英语介词使用频率高，搭配能力强，含义灵活，因此在翻译中属于比较难以处理的一种词类。目的论论者认为翻译是有明确的目的和意图，在译者的作用
下，以原文文本为基础的跨文化的人类交际活动。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法。目的论的提出为英语介词的汉译提供了可靠的指导。本文将目的论引入到介词翻译中，认为在目的论原则的指导下，英语介词的汉译可通过加词、减词、分译、转译等策略来达到较好的翻译效果以及更好地实现翻译目的。 关键词：英语介词；翻译；目的论 导言：随着时代的发展，以及中国入世的大好形势的出现，汉语与英语在世界上似乎显得同等重要，所以将这两种语言互相转化是我们越来越重要的任务。在英语中，英语介词数量不多，但其构成的介词短语在英语中的出现频率很高，功能多样且位置灵活，对构成句子具有重要作用，因此对于英语介词的翻译策略问题一直深受广大翻译学者的关注。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的论者认为翻译是一种有目的的活动，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法，即“目的决定论”。目的论的提出为英语介词汉译提供了有效的指导。因此，译者若能熟练掌握翻译目的和翻译方法，则能译出高质量的译文。鉴于此，本文先是阐述各大专家对于英语介词翻译以及翻译目的论的已有研究和探索，并结合笔者自己的观点加以评述；然后以此综述在翻译目的论指导下研究英语介词的汉译策略是个切实可行的手段；最后预测此观点的发展前景一定是光明受欢迎的。 历史发展：对于翻译目的论的发展历程，笔者在总结各前辈的资料中得出：在20世纪70年代，功能主义翻译理论兴起于德国，其四大代表性人物及其理论是: 凯瑟林娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论(functional category
英语论文文献综述精编版
英语论文文献综述精编 版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
How to Write a Literature Review ? I. The definition of Literature Review 文献综述（Literautre Review）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种 文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工 作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文 献综述，科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信 息，了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。 II. The purposes of literature review And Its Components A. The Purposes On the one hand, it helps you broaden the view and perspective of the topic for your graduation thesis. On the other hand, it helps you narrow down the topic and arrive at a focused research question. B. Its Components There are six parts in a complete Literature Review. 标题与作者(title and author) 摘要与关键词(abstract and key words) 引言(introduction) 述评(review) 结论(conclusion) 参考文献(references) III. Classification of Source Materials How can we locate the materials relevant to our topics better and faster? Basically, all these source materials may be classified into four majors of sources. A: Background sources: Basic information which can usually be found in dictionaries and encyclopedia complied by major scholars or founders of the field. Three very good and commonly recommenced encyclopedias are encyclopedias ABC, namely, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Collier’s Encyclopedia. There are also reference works more specialized, such as The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics for linguistics and TEFL studies. Moreover, you may also find Encyclopedia on the web. B: Primary sources Those providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field, biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few
英文文献及翻译(计算机专业)
NET-BASED TASK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman, Jennifer Wisdom ABSTRACT In net-based collaborative design environment, design resources become more and more varied and complex. Besides common information management systems, design resources can be organized in connection with design activities. A set of activities and resources linked by logic relations can form a task. A task has at least one objective and can be broken down into smaller ones. So a design project can be separated into many subtasks forming a hierarchical structure. Task Management System (TMS) is designed to break down these tasks and assign certain resources to its task nodes．As a result of decomposition.al1 design resources and activities could be managed via this system. KEY WORDS：Collaborative Design, Task Management System (TMS), Task Decomposition, Information Management System 1 Introduction Along with the rapid upgrade of request for advanced design methods, more and more design tool appeared to support new design methods and forms. Design in a web environment with multi-partners being involved requires a more powerful and efficient management system .Design partners can be located everywhere over the net with their own organizations. They could be mutually independent experts or teams of tens of employees. This article discusses a task management system (TMS) which manages design activities and resources by breaking down design objectives and re-organizing design resources in connection with the activities. Comparing with common information management systems (IMS) like product data management system and document management system, TMS can manage the whole design process. It has two tiers which make it much more f1exible in structure. The 1ower tier consists of traditional common IMSS and the upper one fulfills
英语口语教学法文献综述
A Study on Teaching Methods of English Speaking in Junior Middle School “初中英语口语教学方法探究” Literature Review Ⅰ. Introduction Spoken language is defined as a kind of output capabilities. Stimulated by the external sound or other information, speakers produce an initial motivation and intention, form deep syntactic structure through internal language stage, and then expand into an external speech based on a surface structure. (Zhu Chun, 1993) Linguist French once said that speaking is a basis of other abilities (listening, reading and writing). believed that no one would be born to speak, and people can communicate with others only by much practice. The Father of Application linguistic in British thought that, to learn English, you need to open your mouth , to read, to say. Linguist Thomas (D. HYMES) said, language refers not only ability of whether one can make grammatical sentence, but also the ability of whether one can apply it properly. He said speech is an important form of language and a significant way in communication. With economic globalization, the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the current world is changing rapidly and international exchanges increase frequently. It has became a necessity of the society to learn English and use English in common communication. English is a language communication tool. Enhancing the teaching of spoken English and helping students improve overall level of oral English communication have been paid much attention. It is not only a real application of the knowledge on the books in daily life, but also a respond to face work, business, and other problems encountered in future. English speaking teaching is an important and integral part of English teaching in junior middle middle school is a key stage of English study for all Chinese is a period which transition from simple word recognition in primary school to proficiently expression in senior high school. Speaking learning of this stage will lay a solid foundation for deep English study in future, also help in all aspects of English learning capabilities. However, it has been reported that English teaching in our junior middle school still exists the following questions. Firstly, influenced by the examination-oriented education, most of the teaching methods can not achieve the outline of the standard released by the Ministry of Education. Secondly, insufficient emphasis is put on the teaching of pronunciation. Thirdly, the common level of teachers is not advanced. Fourthly, because of the over class size, fewer opportunities to practice is given the students. Fifthly, lack the necessary language environment. These problems encourage us to make further exploration on English teaching methods of the junior middle school,so as to improve the standard of teaching and to enhance students' speaking level. The following paper reviews researches on main teaching methods of English speaking in and abroad. Ⅱ. Research status in and abroad Speaking is one of main language output skills. American linguist Krashen put forward the Second Language Acquisition Theory in the 1970s, which attracted much attention in both linguistics field
英语论文文献综述(描述研究现状)
General descriptions of the relevant literature: A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies .... There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of .... The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with .... The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how .... During the past 30 years much more information has become available on .... In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .... A large and growing body of literature has investigated .... General reference to previous research/scholarly activity (usually more than one author) Many historians have argued that.... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) Numerous studies have attempted to explain .... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) Recent evidence suggests that .... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can .... (Patel et al., 1997; Jones et al., 1998). Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that .... Several attempts have been made to .... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ..... (Smith, 1996; Jones .... Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an .... account, whilst Jones .... Several studies investigating X have been carried out on .... Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity Previous studies have reported .... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, .... A number of studies have found that .... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004).