国际音标教学_18. 音标讲解教程

音标
英语国际音标表（48个）
元音（20个）
长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://u:/
短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/
双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/
辅音（28个）
轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/
浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/
轻辅音/ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/
浊辅音/ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/
鼻音/m//n//ŋ/
半元音/j//w/
边音/ǀ/
*嘴巴的形状会直接影响到发音的效果，口型对了，不需要短促有力，发多久也是对的
元音
单元音
1./i://i//e//æ/
1)./i:/
音高咧嘴舌尖抵下齿，像笑一样
/i:/发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee
bee/bi:/meat/mi:t/team/ti:m/sheep/ʃiːp/
piece/pi:s/keep/ki:p/sweet/swi:t/thief/θi:f/
eg.Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field.
Speeding on the freeway.
He and she.
2)./i/
嘴唇微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微抬高，舌头略微向后缩
/i/发这个音的字母和字母组合i e(begin)y(happy)ey(monkey)ay（sunday）big/big/dig/dig/kick/kik/tip/tip/
zip/zip/quick/kwik/fish/fiʃ/nick/nik/Jim/dʒim/
eg.Be quick!Be quick!We’ll go to the cinema.What is it?It is a ticket.
*/i:/&/i/对比练习：
sit/sit/ship/ʃip/
seat/si:t/sheep/ʃiːp/
hit/hit/hill/hil/
heat/hi:t/heal/hi:l/
sleep/sli:p/eat/i:t/
slip/slip/it/it/
reach//seek//
rich//sick//
eg.
Been/bean I ate a bean./I have been there.
Eat/it I eat it.
Beat/bit The beat is a bit strong.
Keys/kiss Give me a kiss for the keys.
Feet/fit These shoes fit my feet.
Peel/pill Don’t peel that pill.
Sheep/ship There are sheep on the ship.
These/this These are better than this one.
Deed/did He did the deed.
Cheek/chick The chick’s cheek is soft.
3)./e/
唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起（下巴向下“点”）
/e/发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea
egg bell desk leg
pet bread head elephant
eg.The vet is fed up with that wet,dead pet.
Who lead Ted to the dead head in the bed?
4)./æ/
嘴张大且拉向两边，呈扁平型，舌尖抵下齿
/æ/发这个音的字母和字母组合a
dad cap bad apple stand
eg.Cat!Cat!Catch that fat cat.
I cannot imagine Sam wrote a bad exam.
Dad patted the cat.
[e]和[æ]对比：
bed–bad met-mat Ken–can men-man sent–sank
shed–shack let–lad set–sat peck–pack bet–bat
red–rat jet–Jack
*四个音标对比：
/i:/heat
/i/hit
/e/het
/æ/hat
例句：
The beans have been cooking since six o’clock.
Sit in that seat by the window.
We ate our meal,by the mill.
The seal will live in the ocean.
Tim’s team grinned after seeing the green field.
Pip and Pete shipped the sheep cheaply.
Those bins are for Bill’s beans.
Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans?
The girls put concrete on Jill’s sneakers.
Pick cherries at their peak or you will eat the pits.
2./u://ʊ//ɔ://ɒ/
1)./u:/
嘴型小而圆，嘴唇外凸，尽量向前，舌头向后缩，发此音喉咙和腮帮有略微紧张感发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui
Blue Booth News Juice Loosen Ruler
Food Choose Mood Moving Loop Knew
eg.The room in the school was very cool.
Viewing the moon on June nights.
Do you remember the woman who lived in a shoe?She hadn’t a clue what
to do when her family grew.Well,through your help,they are moving in
June into two big boots
2)./ʊ/
嘴唇张开，略向前突出，上嘴唇向上翘，嘴型收圆并放松，舌后部向上抬起，舌头后缩发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u
.Foot Took Cook woman
Good Look Book Put
eg.Where’s the cook book?
Please take a look.
*一般情况下，在字母”l,m,n”前面，”oo”发长音/u:/;
而在字母“t,d,k”前面，”oo”发短音/u/
*/u:/和/ʊ/对比
a.同一单词中两种音都有
Wood
Would you help me?
Hollywood,California
b.food---foot
pool---pull
fool---full
例句
He took a good look under the hood and found a fl u te.
J u lie enjoys good books after sch oo l.
He put his foot in the ne w b oo t.
She took her st u dents to the brook to wash their sh oe s.
We pulled him out of the swimming p oo l.
The f oo l ate until he was full.
3)./ɔ:/
双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身向后缩
发这个音的字母和字母组合al au ou aw(or oor)
Small draw talk tall strawberry
Author caught autumn bought horse floor
eg.Paul plays basketball.
I am Paul.I am tall.Give me a call.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
Force yourself to do more.
It's important for us to practice more.
4)./ɒ/（与/ɔ:/的口型几乎完全相反）
口型完全张开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍微收圆,像“啊”
发这个音的字母和字母组合o a
Hot Top Stop Probably Follow
Not Sock Product Solve Problem
eg.Bob opened the box and followed the instructions.
Tom put some cotton,rocks and a doorknob in his locker.
His mom made a concrete model of a hockey rink.
/ɔ:/和/ɒ/的对比
Pot----port shot----short
*四个音标对比
/u:/---boot fool
/u/---book full
/ɔ:/---bought fall
/ɒ/---bot
3./ɜ://ə//ɑ://ʌ/
1)./ɜ:/
嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌头放平，舌中部微微抬起，有齿间距，肌肉略微紧张
发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or
Her serve bird girl dirty nurse
Thursday turtle early learn word world
eg.The nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain.
He died of the burns he received in the fire.
The girl is a nurse.
2)./ə/
嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起
发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e
Picture teacher dinner sister sugar
Doctor panda above about China
eg.What’s the matter with you?
I’d like to have dinner with you tonight.
The operation is a success and now the patient is out of danger.
3)./ɑ:/
口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴收低，放松发音(与读“啊”的区别就是下巴要往下)
发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear
Grass class plant fast car
March car dark laugh heart
eg.It’s too far to see the shark;It’s too dark to see the shark.Oh!The shark’s teeth are sharp.
If we interfere,it may do more harm than good.
The farm is far from the park.
4)./ʌ/
嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起，齿间距为两指的高度
发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou
Son come love supper us
Sun gun touch cousin country
eg.Hurry up!Hurry up!A duck cuts a bug in the mud.
This cup is made of stainless steel.
Under the bus.
/ɑ:/和/ʌ/的区别
Cut----cart luck-----lark duck----dark
Tough---task far---fun bus-----bath
*单元音绕口令
1.Betty Bought a bit of better butter.“But,”she said,“this butter’s bitter.If I bake this bitter butter. It would make my batter bitter.But a bit of better butter.That would make my batter better.”So she bought a bit of butter.Better than her bitter butter.And she baked it in her batter;And the batter was not bitter.So it was better Betty Botter.Bought a bit of better butter.
2.I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,but if you wish the wish the witch wishes,I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.
3.All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot,you can believe it or not, but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot.Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me.If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot,I'll have a cup of tea!
4.I thought a thought.But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.
5.A big black bug bit a big black bear,made the big black bear bleed blood.
A big black bug bit a big black bear.Where's the big black bear the big black bug bit?
双元音
发音要领：发音时，由第一个音向第二个音滑动，口型有个过程。

双元音都是“降读式”，即先高后低，先长后短，先重后轻。

1./ei/
嘴巴从大到小，口型由半开到闭合，发音前长后短，前重后轻./e/到/i/滑动- ”A”
发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay
Cake name snake rain train
Pain paint day play way
eg.Rain,rain,go e again another day.Little kids,want to play.Rain,rain go away.
He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage.
The baby snake lived in a painted cage.
No pains,no gains.不劳无获
2./ai/
/a/重读，/i/轻读，口型由大到小，牙齿由全开到闭合-- “I”
发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy
Kite nice tiger by fly
Why tie pie buy knife
Eg.Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
Never say die.
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁
3./ɒi/
前重后轻，双唇由圆形’ɒ’到扁形”i”
发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy
Oil boil coin boy toy
Eg.One boy is a boy.Two boys are half boy.Three boys are no boy.
Some soils are not suitable for farming.
The spoiled boy’s annoying voice
4./aʊ/
前重后轻，口型由大到小，双唇收圆，舌后部逐渐慢慢抬高(舌位由低到高)发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow
House mouse mouth
Cow how downtown
Eg.A mouse ran into a cow’s mouth in front of the house.
You will sound like a native speaker,if you practice over1000times.
Her house is on the South side of the mountain.
5./əʊ/
口型有半开到小,舌位由半低到高
发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow
Nose rose over boat
Goat window snow show
Eg.Leo,Leo.Let’s go!You are too slow!I don’t hope so!
I’ve told you so.
I don’t know where the hole is on the coat.
Does Joe know how to drive on the road?
6./ɪə/
前重后轻，双唇始终半开<嘴不要张的太大>.由/i/很快滑向/ə/
发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer
Ear hear tear deer beer idea
Eg.Open your ear,listen my idea.Give the deer,a glass of beer.Is it clear?
Life is not all beer and skittles.
The deer is full of fear.
7./eə/
前重后轻，舌尖抵下齿，双唇半开
发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear
Hair chair pear bear wear
Eg.A bear is eating a pear over there.You must care the pears on the chair.
It's not fair to kick another player in football.
Where are their pears?
8./ʊə/
前重后轻，双唇由收圆到半开，不能把/ʊ/发的太长
发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ure
Poor tour sure pure
Eg.I am sure the water is a lure on a tour
Getting third prize was poor consolation for all their hard work.
I assure you he is not poor.
*双元音绕口令
1.Say this sharply,say this sweetly,say this shortly,say this softly.Say this sixteen times in
succession.
2.Franc's father is frying French fries for his five fire-fighter friends after they finished a
fire-fighting in a factory.
3.A pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a
pleasant time together.
4.A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.
辅音
1./p/
双唇紧闭（抿回去），然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，声带不振动（清）
发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp
piano panda parrot pet ship
sheep pig stop apple happy
eg.Practice makes perfect.
Peter is picking plums and apples.
Pat and Paul met each other in a park.
2./b/
与/p/发音规则相同，只有一点--→声带振动（浊）
发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb
book ball bird big
banana rubber rabbit cabbage
Eg.Grab a bite.
The big building is two blocks away.
The robber broke into the bank,but was caught by the police.
3./t/
舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，声带不振动（清）
发这个音的字母和字母组合t tt
table tea taxi cat rat
fat ticket butter matter
eg.My pet was a cat.It sat in a hat and watched a rat.
What’s the date today?
4./d/
与/t/发音规则相同，只有一点--→声带振动（浊）
发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed
duck seed door desk day
red smiled opened played
eg.Dick’s dad gives Ted a kind of delicious food in his red dirty hand.
The old lady’s daughter is a doctor.
Dick’s daughter Diana doesn’t like dancing.
5./k/
舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，舌头突然间离开，将气送出，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动（清）发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck
cap cook cup cook milk
key clock sock cock neck
eg.The kids often go hiking at weekends.
Cut your coat according to your cloth.
A cook is looking for a book,he wants to cook a cake in a cooker for all of the cooks.
6./g/
与/k/发音规则相同，只有一点--→声带振动（浊）
发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg
glass golf get girl bag goat flag egg
eg.A good beginning makes a good ending.
He is a good guy.
A good beginning makes a good ending.
7./f/
尚持轻轻地接触下唇，（不要咬）吹气，气流从上齿和下唇间的空隙通过形成摩擦，声带不。