人教版高中化学方程式大全85349

高中化学方程式大全

一．金属单质（Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu）的还原性

2Na+H22NaH 4Na+O2==2Na2O 2Na2O+O22Na2O2

2Na+O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S（爆炸）

2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH―+H2↑

2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2―+H2↑

4Na+TiCl44NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl2MgCl2 Mg+Br2MgBr2

2Mg+O22MgO Mg+S MgS

2Cu+S Cu2S (Cu2S只能由单质制备)

Mg+2H2O Mg(OH)2+H2↑

2Mg+TiCl4Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl MgCl2+2Rb

2Mg+CO22MgO+C 2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si

Mg+H2S==MgS+H2

Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)

2Al+3Cl22AlCl3

4Al+3O2===2Al2O3 (常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化，在氧气中燃烧)

4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg（铝汞齐）

4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr (铝热反应)

2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeO Al2O3+3Fe

2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑

2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑

2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O (Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化) Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O Al+4H++NO3–=Al3++NO↑+2H2O

2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑2Al+2OH–+2H2O=2AlO2–+3H2↑

2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr33Fe+2O2 Fe3O42Fe+O22FeO (炼钢过程) Fe+I2FeI2

Fe+S FeS (FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备)

3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2↑

Fe+2HCl===FeCl 2+H 2↑ Fe+2H +=Fe 2++H 2↑

Fe+CuCl 2===FeCl 2+Cu Fe+Cu 2+=Fe 2++Cu ↓

Fe+SnCl 4===FeCl 2+SnCl 2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl 2==FeCl 2+Sn ↓ Fe+Sn 2+=Fe 2++Sn ↓

三．非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H 2O,H 2S,NH 3) 金属氢化物(NaH)

1、还原性:

4HCl(浓)+MnO 2MnCl 2+Cl 2↑+2H 2O

4H ++2Cl –+MnO 2

Mn 2++Cl 2↑+2H 2O 4HCl(浓)+PbO 2PbCl 2+Cl 2↑+2H 2O

4H ++2Cl –+PbO 2

Pb 2++Cl 2↑+2H 2O 4HCl(g)+O 22Cl 2+2H 2O

16HCl+2KMnO 4===2KCl+2MnCl 2+5Cl 2↑+8H 2O

16 H ++10Cl -+2MnO 4–=2Mn 2++5Cl 2↑+8H 2O

6HCl+KClO 3==KCl+3Cl 2↑+3H 2O

6H ++5Cl –+ClO 3–=3Cl 2↑+3H 2O

14HCl+K 2Cr 2O 7===2KCl+2CrCl 3+3Cl 2↑+7H 2O

14H ++6Cl –+Cr 2O 72–=2Cr 3++5Cl 2↑+7H 2O

2H 2O+2F 2===4HF+O 2

2HCl+F 2=2HF+Cl 2 (F 2气与HCl 、HBr 、HI 、H 2S 、NH 3气体不能共存)

2HBr+Cl 2=2HCl+Br 2 (Cl 2气与HBr 、HI 、H 2S 、NH 3气体不能共存)

2H 2S+3O 2(足量)2SO 2+2H 2O 2H 2S+O 2(少量)2S ↓+2H 2O

2H 2S+SO 2===3S ↓+2H 2O H 2S+H 2SO 4(浓)===S ↓+SO 2↑+2H 2O

3H 2S+2HNO 3(稀)===3S ↓+2NO ↑+4H 2O

3H 2S+2H ++2NO 3–=3S ↓+2NO ↑+4H 2O

5H 2S+2KMnO 4+3H 2SO 4===2MnSO 4+K 2SO 4+5S ↓+8H 2O

5H 2S+2MnO 4–+6H +=2Mn 2++5S ↓+8H 2O

3H 2S+K 2Cr 2O 7+4H 2SO 4===Cr 2(SO 4)3+K 2SO 4+3S ↓+7H 2O

3H 2S+Cr 2O 72–+8H +===2Cr 3++3S ↓+7H 2O

H 2S+4Na 2O 2+2H 2O===Na 2SO 4+6NaOH

H 2S+4Na 2O 2+2H 2O=8Na ++-24

SO +-OH 2NH 3+3CuO 3Cu+N 2+3H 2O

2NH 3+3Cl 2===N 2+6HCl 8NH 3+3Cl 2===N 2+6NH 4Cl

NH 3+NaNO 2+HCl==NaCl+N 2↑+2H 2O

NH 3+NO 2–+H +=N 2↑+2H 2O

4NH 3+3O 2(纯氧)2N 2+6H 2O 4NH 3+5O 2 催化剂 △ 4NO+6H 2O

4NH 3+6NO===5N 2+6H 2O (用氨清除NO)

NaH+H 2O===NaOH+H 2↑ (生氢剂)