环境工程专业英语

o Acid-base reactions
HA + BOH --> H2O + BA
o Complexation reactions
Transition metal, such as Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Pt2+ etc. + ligands, such as NH3、H2O, CN-, SCN-, F-, Cl-
Environmental systems
• Ecosystem
A freshwater ecosystem in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands
• Water resources management system
o
Water supply subsystem
• Environmental Engineering
Using
the principles of biology and chemistry, environmental engineers develop solutions to environmental problems
• Environmental Engineers
Environmental problems
• Overpopulation: the presence in a given area of more people than can be supported adequately by the resources available in that area • Pollution: a reduction in the quality of the environment by the introduction of impurities
Basic chemical concepts
• Atoms, elements and the periodic table
proton neutron nucleus electron atom
atomic number （原子数）：number of protons mass number （质量数）: total number of proton and neutron isotope （同位素）：atomic number the same, different number of neutron atomic weight （原子量）：average atomic mass
o Wastewater disposal subsystem
• Air resource management
• Solid waste management
• Multimedia systems: environmental problems cross the air-water-soil boundary
环境工程专业英语
陈维芳 Autumn semester, 2012
推荐教材
• 环境工程专业英语 第二版，华南理工大 学，钟理主编 • Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science, 清华大学出 版社英文影印版
Part 1 Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Periodic table
• • • • • • • • • • C: carbon H: hydrogen O: oxygen P: phosphorus Pb: lead Ca: Calcium Zn: Zinc Hg: mercury Mg: magnesium Mn: manganese
• Sustainability: How do we maintain our ecosystem in the light of major depletion of our natural resources. • Examples:
o Pollution prevention by the minimization of waste production o Life cycle analysis of our production technique to include built-in features for extraction and reuse of material o Selection of materials and methods that have a long life o Selection of manufacturing methods and equipment that minimize energy and water consumption
Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
• Bonding
o Ionic bond: electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions (cation and anion) o covalent bond: sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms


Involved in water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues with a knowledge of environmental engineering laws. They also study the environmental impact of proposed construction projects. Must have a strong grasp of mathematics, including algebra, geometry and calculus; sciences, such as biology, chemistry, physics and computer systems etc.
• Environmental Scientists
o Environmental Scientists provide the fundamental theories used by environmental engineers to design solutions for environmental problems o “Scientists discover things and engineers make them work”
i i
Байду номын сангаас
Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
• Chemical reactions: reactants products
o Precipitation-dissolution reaction
2CaCl2 + Na2CO3 --> CaCO3(s) +2Na++ 2Cl−
Environmental legislation and regulation
• Wildlife and habitat protection (Endangered Species Act 1966) • Water quality management (Clean Water Act 1977)
• Intermolecular forces
o Van der Waals forces (dipole-dipole interaction, dispersion forces)
o Hydrogen bonding
Relative strength of forces
The mole, molar units and activity unit
o concentration of organic wastes o introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment
• Depletion of resources • Changes in the global condition: ozone layer, global warming • War
Environmental ethics
• Ethics: the character of a person as described by his or her actions
Part 2 Basic chemical concepts
• Environmental science is fundamentally a study of physics, chemistry and biology of natural systems or the environment • Chemistry is a study of matter • Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies space • Element: cannot be broken down to simpler substance by any chemical reaction • Compounds: substances contain two or more elements; organic, inorganic • Mixture: a material with variable compositions, which can be separated by physical means • Component: A part of a mixture or solution
• 6.02x1023 molecules (Avogadro’s number) of a substance is one mole • Molecular weight (分子量）：the weight of a mole of substance • Molarity: the number of mole per liter of solution • Activity: a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture
Historical perspective
• The Romans constructed aqueducts to prevent drought and to create a clean, healthful water supply for the metropolis of Rome • Mid-1800-mid-1900: sanitary engineering (water purification) • After late 1960s, modern environmental engineering
o Oxidation-reduction (Redox) reaction
o Drinking water o Water pollution control
• Air quality management (Clean Air Act, 1963) • Noise pollution control (Noise Pollution and Abatement Act, 1970) • Solid waste management (Solid Waste Disposal Act, 1965) • Hazardous waste management (Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment 1984) • Atomic energy and radiation management (Atomic energy 1946)