哥特式建筑漫谈 Gothic architecture

飞扶壁上往往有着繁复精美的的装饰雕刻
哥特式建筑代表作

France: Notre Dame de Paris （巴黎圣母院） Amiens Cathedral （亚眠大教堂） England: Salsibury Cathedral （索尔兹伯里大教 堂）Westminster Abbey （威斯敏特教堂或西敏 寺） Germany: Cologne Cathedral （科隆大教堂）
哥特式建筑的特点

哥特式建筑的特点是尖塔高 耸、尖形拱门、大窗户及绘 有圣经故事的花窗玻璃。在 设计中利用尖肋拱顶、飞扶 壁、修长的束柱，营造出轻 盈修长的飞天感。以及新的 框架结构以增加支撑顶部的 力量，使整个建筑以直升线 条、雄伟的外观和教堂内空 阔空间，再结合镶着彩色玻 璃的长窗，使教堂内产生一 种浓厚的宗教气氛。
The pointed arch（尖肋拱顶 ）

Pointed Arch is simply known as the Gothic arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault of Roman architecture. There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch are no longer restricted and the arch can be made as large and high as possible. It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the 'pointed arch' was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws.

Gothic architecture gradually abolishes the gallery and aisle and increases the size of the window. These windows are high enough, almost to be used as the walls. The stained glass, covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines to illiterate people is of high artistic achievement. There are two main colors, blue and red. Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ.
从罗曼式建筑的圆筒 拱顶普遍改为尖肋拱 顶（Pointed Arch，或 者干脆称为Gothic Arch），推力作用于 四个拱底石上，这样 拱顶的高度和跨度不 再受限制，可以建得 又大又高。并且尖肋 拱顶也具有“向上” 的视觉暗示。有趣的 是现代建筑学家认为 建造尖肋拱顶为了隐 藏某种技术缺陷。
The stained glass （彩绘玻璃）
哥 特 式 建 筑 漫 谈
—— 汪泓
Milan Cathedral ，Italy 意大利米兰大教堂
Salsibury Cathedral ，England
英国索尔兹伯里大教堂
Notre Dame de Paris 巴黎圣母院
Gothic architecture


Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, which developed in Europe during the high and late medieval period. Originating in the 12th century in France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as “the French Style”. Its main features include the pointed arch（尖肋拱顶 ）, the stained glass （彩绘玻璃） and the flying buttress （飞扶壁）. medieval period ：中世纪
The flying buttress （飞扶壁）

There is Flying Buttress which is a supporting facility to share the pressure from the main walls. It has been largely used in Roman Architecture. The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof. However, the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out to be known as flying buttress. Due to the further requirements of the height, the role and appearance of buttress have been greatly enhanced.
Байду номын сангаас
哥特式建筑逐渐取消了台廊、 楼廊，增加侧廊窗户的面积， 直至整个教堂采用大面积排窗。 这些窗户既高且大，几乎承担 了墙体的功能。并应用了从阿 拉伯国家学得的彩色玻璃工艺， 拼组成一幅幅五颜六色的宗教 故事，起到了向不识字的民众 宣传教义的作用，也具有很高 的艺术成就。花窗玻璃以红、 蓝二色为主，蓝色象征天国， 红色象征基督的鲜血。


Thank you for listening!
扶壁（Buttress），也称 扶拱垛，是一种用来分担 主墙压力的辅助设施，在 罗曼式建筑中即已得到大 量运用。但哥特式建筑把 原本实心的、被屋顶遮盖 起来的扶壁，都露在外面， 称为飞扶壁。由于对教堂 的高度有了进一步的要求， 扶壁的作用和外观也被大 大增强了。。
It is coved with complicated decorates and elaborate carvings.
The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which express people’s longing for the kingdom of heaven.
花窗玻璃造就了教堂内部神秘灿烂的景象，从而改变了罗曼式建筑 因采光不足而沉闷压抑的感觉，并表达了人们向往天国的内心理想。