上海市上海中学高三上学期英语周练试题1 含答案

上海中学高三英语周练
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexand er Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?
Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's devel oped a course on the topic. In addition to l earning "who"invented "what", however, McLean also likes her stud ents to learn the answers to the "why" and "how" questions. According to McLean, When stud ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the id ea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was col d and stormy, but And erson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the wind ow. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicl e that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a worl d without Katherine J. Bl odgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear wind ows and eyeglasses?
(B)
There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and sudd enly she bursts out laughing,33_________(make) you think you’ve mad e a brilliant j oke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something really fun on a micro blog.” Now the whol e worl d is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.
In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing depend ence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent poll
carried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.
36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rud e behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.
The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by peopl e on mobil es was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can d ownload posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scal e of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population.
Who are these New Yorkers? Why d o they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the "they". I'm one of the them. The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”
The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration has__46_________ the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City." He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "_47________" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the foll owing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer.
__54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
51..A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all
52. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe
53. A. Denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving
54. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing
55..A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses
56. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical
57. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference
58 .A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget
59. A.as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary
60. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable
61. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest
62. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. Attracting
63. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected
64. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive
65. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men d on't go to the doctor.
"Men aren't seeing d octors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta, "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike."
Gullotta says a healthy man shoul d visit the d octor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed d oing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, bu t it woul d have prolonged his life.”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
"A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)" Gullotta says "They only come in when a friend drops d ead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it coul d happen to
him, …'"
Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
"Most men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men coul d be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men woul d inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the l ong run than having to treat the diseases. Besid es, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature d eath"
66.Why d oes the author congratulate his mal e readers at the beginning of the passage?
A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to red this article.
D. They are sure to enjoy a l onger and happier life.
67.Which of the foll owing best completes the sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him,…" in paragraph8?
A. it coul d happen to me, too.
B. I shoul d avoid playing golf
C. I should consider myself lucky.
D. it would be a big misfortune.
68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by "the ostrich approach" in paragraph 9?
A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions.
B. A new treatment for certain psychol ogical probl ems.
C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.
69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
A. They may increase public expenses.
B. They will save money in the long run.
C. They may cause psychol ogical stress on men.
D. They will enable men to live as long as women.
(B)
Doctors have been advising us for years to "use it or lose it": that is, to stay as intellectually active as possibl e into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.
In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or ol der, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated —by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums —were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.
“Brain activity is not stopping the und erlying neu robiol ogy of d ementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the ad ditional appearance of symptoms," says Wilson. "But the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance."
While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function d espite the accumulating biological changes und erlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. "At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathol ogy," he says. And that's why, once the symptoms of dementia become obvious, those who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease.
The findings, published Wednesday in Neurol ogy, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society shoul d approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us woul d prefer to remain as functionally intact as possibl e and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before d eath. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental d ecline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. "I think the results suggested by this paper are something that peopl e would regard as positive," he says. "And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of d ementia as a society."
70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.
A. mental disease
B. brain damage
C. cognitive decline
D. Biological changes
71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.
A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the disease
B. the patient no l onger needs to d o brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the d octors
C. the d octors can only treat the patient based on his pathol ogical conditions
D. the accumulating biol ogical changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient
72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings shoul d be viewed as__________.
A. discouraging
B. interesting
C. challenging
D. positive
73. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active.
B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up.
C. Those who d o brain exercises will definitely suffer from d ementia at last.
D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.
(C)
The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in ord er to earn a living.
From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has preclud ed (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always d esired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.
A sl ender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿）for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time l ost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Lid dell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gol d and a bronze medal. Coll ege scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee mad e it possibl e for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC all owed professional athletes into the games.
There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games l ost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they
argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a l ong time.
74. One might infer that _______________________.
A. devel oping Olympic-level skills in athletes is costly
B. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewards
C. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is played
D. amateurs athletes have a better attitud e than professionals d o
75. The state ment“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________.
A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad condition
B. the poorer players were given some advantages
C. the rules did not work the same way for everyone
D. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways
76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.
A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthday
B. money received from a winning lottery ticket
C. an all owance paid to a child
D. Money from charity organization
77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________.
A. has hel d firm to its original vision of the Olympic games
B. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the years
C. regards itself as an organization for professional athl etes only
D. did nothing but stop all owing communists to participate
Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words.
"Severe fatigue(疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk d own the bl ock," says Wendy Moro. Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her d octor begin to suspect her plate. "A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times," says Wendy. "What kind of fish? Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market," says Dr. Jane Hightower.
Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems.
"I was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling."
Hightower said.
The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. "It was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public," she said. "I even wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine."(A tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decid ed to do our own test.
According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe l evel of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.
Whil e there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and .
82. When Dr. Hightower "wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine", she meant to .
83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered?
_________________________________________________________________________
84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA?
__________________________________________________________________________
第II卷
I. Translation
Directions :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。

(sure)
2.使我大为宽慰的是，孩子们逐渐意识到在人生关键的时候要三思而后行。

(relief)
3.那位为自己上课开小差而感到惭愧的学生花了几乎两个小时才解出这道数学难题。

(ashamed)
4.飞机刚起飞，她就迫不及待地告诉其他乘客这是她第一次乘坐飞机。

(Hardly,wait)
5.考虑到仅从书本上学习知识是远远不够的，学校号召学生们积极参加各项社会活动以培养他们把理论运用到实践中的能力。

（far,call)
Keys
25-30 less famous that unl ess it through wondering
31-35 an Can making by surveyed
36-40 Like others as were chatting where
41-50 C BC D AC B AE AB BD A AD
51-55 B C B D A
56-60 C D C A B
61-65 B C C D B
66-69 C A D B 70-73 C A D B 74-77 A C C B
mercial pollution, food chain
79.draw people’s attention to the danger /warn peopl e of the danger
80. She published the result of the study./ She made it known to the public
81. Peopl e shoul d eat l ess sea food./Peopl e shoul d cut down on fish in their diets Translation
1.Be sure to give up this unrealistic/impractical idea, or you will accomplish nothing.
2.To my great relief, the kids have come to realize they shoul d think carefully before they act at the critical moment of life.
3.The stud ents who was /felt ashamed of being absent-mind ed in class spent almost two hours working out the difficult math problems.
4.Hardly had the plane taken off when he couldn’t /could hardly wait to tell the other passenger that this was the first time he had taken a plane.
5.Consid ering it is far from enough to acquire/ obtain /gain knowl edge from books , the school has call ed on their students to take an active part in various social activities to d evelop their ability to apply theory to practice.。