浅析英语定语从句的学习

浅析英语定语从句的学习

发表时间：2011-08-16T11:45:30.343Z 来源：《学英语》(高中教师版）2011年第38期供稿作者：王宏宇[导读] who /whom指人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。

黑龙江鸡西市第一中学王宏宇

定语从句是高中英语中最常见的语法类型，虽然在每次看文章和做题的时候都会看到这样的句式，但现在有些同学对于这种最频繁出现的句型还是不能很好的理解。现在本人要以多年来对定语从句的理解来简单讲解一下定语从句。

我们首先来看看定语从句的定义，其实我们从这四个字就可以看得出来，定语从句也就是可以充当定语的句子，起到修饰名词和代词的作用，有时可以修饰一个句子。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句的关系词是指关系代词和关系副词，其作用是用来引导定语从句且代替先行词在从句中充当成分。

关系代词：

一、定语从句常用的关系代词有: who/whom/which/that/whose/as 等

1. who /whom指人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。

1) The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.

2) He knew the teacher (who/whom)we met yesterday.

2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。

1) His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.

2) The film (which) we saw last night was very wonderful.

3. that 指人、物,在从句中作主语或宾语（that作宾语时可省）

1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.

2)Have you found the bike ( that/which) you lost?

3)I don’t like the people who/that smoke a lot.

4) The lady (who/that) you saw just now is our English teacher.

4. whose 它既可以指人也可以代物，在从句中作定语。

I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen.

→I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

Please show me the book . Its cover is red.

→Please show me the book whose cover is red.

二、关系词that的特殊用法：六用，三不用

三不用: 引导非限制性定语从句关系词不用that。

紧跟介词后作宾语的关系词不用that。

谚语中不用that。

She has two brothers, who are both students.

She is the girl about whom I was just talking.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall isn’t a true man.

六用：1. 序数词 (包括 last, next )/最高级/the only, the very, the right， just the/any, some, no, all, every, many, much, few, little修饰指物的先行词时,只能用that.

This is the most interesting story ( that ) I have ever heard.

2. 先行词是指物的不定代词（ anything, nothing, everything,all, much, many, few, little, none, something ）时,只能用that. Is there anything (that) you want to buy in town?

3. 先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。

I can remember well the persons and pictures (that) I see.

4. 避免重复：主句有特殊疑问词或先行词就是疑问词时，只能用that。 Which is the bike (that) you lost?

Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

5. 为避免与已有的定语从句关系代词重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

6. 其它用that的情况。

I like the way (that/ in which/ \) he teaches us.

This is the first time (that) I have been here.

三、先行词用who或which，不用that

1. 当先行词是 all, anyone, someone, everyone等指人的不定代词时, 用who 引导定语从句。 Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.

2. 先行词是 those 表示人或 people时, 用 who引导定语从句。 Those who want to see the film please follow me.

关系副词：

定语从句的关系副词有：when( on/in/at…which)/where(on/ in…which)/why(for which)，分别在从句中作时间，地点，原因状语。 This is the place where（in which）my father works.

I will never forget the day when (on which) I joined the army.