刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第4章 十八世纪的英国文学【圣才出品】

第4章十八世纪的英国文学

4.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Background Knowledge（背景知识）

1. After the “Glorious Revolution”, England became a constitutional monarchy

and power passed from the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers.

The two parties strove for the political power in the parliament, and this became one of the topics for the writers and for people chatting in the coffeehouses. 2. The 18th century witnessed unprecedented technical innovations which

influenced the way of social life as a whole.

3. The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe,

which emphasized reason and which was of help for the ruling classes who sought the social steadiness.

1. 1688年光荣革命后，英国从此成为君主立宪制国家，权力由国王转向议会和内阁大臣。两党之间的争权夺势成为18世纪文人和中产阶级的话题。

2. 发生于18世纪的工业革命彻底改变了人们的生活。

3. 18世纪同样也是启蒙运动的开始，强调理性的启蒙运动在英国一定程度上有利于统治阶级，因为他们需要稳定的发展环境。

Ⅱ. Literary Features of the Eighteenth Century（十八世纪文学特征）

1. The coffeehouses’ chatting became popular among the middle classes, and

thus appeared the newspapers that provided information of current topics of the time for these people. The typical newspapers is The Spectator collaborated by Addison and Steele.

2. Influenced by the Enlightenment, there appeared a group of writers whose works were characterized by emphasis on reason and rules for different genres. These writers included Pope, Addison and Steele, who were also called the neoclassicists.

3. Novel rose and developed in the 18th century and it became an important genre. In the 18th England, the novels were mainly divided into realistic novels, represented by Defoe, Fielding and Swift, and sentimental novels, with Sterne and Goldsmith as the typical writers.

4. In the latter half of 18th century, pre-romanticism rose up, which emphasized emotion and intuition. It gradually took the place of the neoclassicism. Poets like Blake and Burns were the forerunners of the pre-romanticism.

5. Compared with the development of the novel, drama of the 18th century was not

a main genre.

1. 中产阶级在咖啡馆对时事的讨论成为时尚，这一现象导致一类专门为这些人提供消遣和指导的报纸的产生。典型代表是艾迪生和斯蒂尔合办的《旁观者》。

2. 受启蒙运动的影响，英国文学出现新流派——新古典主义，他们强调理性和每个文学体裁的固定规则。新古典主义的代表是蒲伯，艾迪生和斯蒂尔。

3. 英国小说产生于18世纪。主要分为两类：现实主义小说和感伤主义小说。前者代表是笛福，菲尔丁和斯威夫特。后者代表是斯特恩和哥尔德史密斯。

4. 18世纪后半期，前浪漫主义产生，与新古典主义不同的是它强调情感和直觉。代表人物是布莱克和彭斯。

5. 与小说相比，18世纪的戏剧没有那么重要的位置。

Ⅲ. Literary Terms（文学术语）

1. The Enlightment Movement（启蒙运动）

(1) Enlightment movement was a progressive intellectual movement which

flourished in France and swept through Western Europe in the 18th century. (2) Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern

philosophical and artistic ideas.

(3) It celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal

education. Literature at the time became a very popular means of public education.

(1) 启蒙运动是一场进步的思想运动，盛行于法国后在18世纪传播到西欧。

(2) 它的目的是用现代哲学和艺术观点启蒙整个世界。

(3) 崇尚理性平等和科学，提倡大众教育。文学在当时变成了一种非常受欢迎的公众教育的

手段。

2. Neoclassicism（新古典主义）

(1) The neoclassicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to

control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. These neoclassicists include Addison, Steele and Pope of 18th