英语四级长难句翻译练习教师版

英语长难句翻译练习
1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating“夸张”,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of“为了”the light（it throws on modern knowledge）.
要点：本句是由并列连词but，and引导的并列复合句。

在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句，修饰名词light，定语从句的引导词that被省略。

“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。

参考译文：当然萧伯纳是言过其实了，但他所说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself.
要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。

And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。

for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。

参考译文：大部分时间都是他在讲话。

他似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请他离开。

Exercise :
1. If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are a woman,you can retort“反驳”that so are most criminals.
要点：这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。

“so are most criminals”是倒装结构，most criminals是主语，so是表语，代替male 以避免重复。

参考译文：如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的;如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。

2. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.
given
adj .已经安排好的; 规定的; 指定的; 所述的; 特定的;
pre p.考虑到; 鉴于;
n .假设事实
参考译文：根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。

3. The release of the carbon in these compounds“化合物” for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.
参考译文：这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环，主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。

4. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says
that women have outgrown“长得大了不成熟”the
jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era “纪元，时代”and a major“成年人，陆军少校”who says that they haven’t.
参考译文：一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了，前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了，而后者说她们依然那样。

5. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.
参考译文：他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。

6. Mathematicians（who have tried to use the computers to copy the way）the brain works ）have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.
参考译文：使用计算机来拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们发现即使使用最先进的电子设备，他们也要建造一台超过10，000公斤的计算机。

7. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in“拘留，欺骗，吸入”everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.
参考译文：既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情，我们可以列出一长串爱好列表，包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各种消遣。

8. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
参考译文：他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上出现洞口，于是他们就在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。

9. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.
参考译文：只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征，我们就可以判断他是否属于白色人种。

1．Our linguistic（语言上的）and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and
respect in the world.
【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是Our blindness and casualness are losing us. with which 引导一个定语从句修饰casualness. take notice of 意思是“注意到”。

【译文】我们对语言、文化的无知，以及那种对其他国家形成的品味、手势、风俗和语言的漫不经心的态度，正使我们在世界上失去朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。

2．A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates“消除，排除”all need to call for a lawn“草地”care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks “大块的”of dirt lying around.
【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是 A simple trip eliminates all need and provides holes. messy chunks of dirt：乱七八糟的脏东西。

【译文】只要穿这种娇小的鞋在院子里走一走，就完全没必要请修剪草坪的专家了，因为这会形成大小合适的洞为草坪提供氧气，周围还不会留下那些乱七八糟的脏东西。

3．But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming“压倒性的，覆盖的”problem of elemental“基础的”literacy“文学，读写能力”than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline “下降”in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity“家庭生活”and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.
【分析】这是一个带有比较级的句子，主干是：But my own worry today is less that than.
【译文】但我今天所担心的不是广泛泛滥的文盲问题，而是更加奢侈一点的问题，即：对中产阶级读者读写技能下降了的担忧，他们不愿把安静的地方、难得的家庭生活的机会、时间和注意力用来读书，而典型的读书活动正需要这些。

4．This violation“妨碍，侵害”of concentration, silence, solitude（独处的状态）goes to the very heart of our notion“概念，见解”of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception“知觉”against background distraction, renders“底灰”impossible
certain essential acts of apprehension“理解，恐惧”and concentration, let alone that most important tribute“赞扬”any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose“散文”he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.
【分析】这是一个并列句。

第一个分句的主干是：this violation goes to the heart of literacy.，第二个分句的主干是this new form renders,let alone
【译文】这种对精神集中、安静、独处状态的妨碍同阅读概念直接冲突；在娱乐背景下半读书半分散精力的读书新方式不可能专心致志地理解，更不要说任何一个人对真正喜爱的一首诗或一篇散文所能表示的最大赞赏是将其背诵下来。

5．And with doubtful prospects前途，前景for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid“在期间”a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures冒险, it is clear that imperatives必要的，规则other than profits or nationalism will have to compel迫使human beings to leave their tracks行迹on the planet's reddish surface.
【分析】句子的主干是it is clear that imperatives will have to compel human beings to leave tracks on the planet’s reddish surface.；两个with分别引导两个伴随状语。

【译文】由于短期经济回报有疑问、冷战在人们记忆中迅速消失，以及越来越强调在大规模空间探险中的国际合作；很清楚，不是经济利益或国家利益，而是必须履行的使命将迫使人类在那个红色行星的表面留下足迹。

6．The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists“坚持”to this day, has been highlighted by mounting增加的evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy争论over suggestions that bacterial fossils “化石”rode “漂浮”to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars.
【分析】句子的主干是This issue has been highlighted.由两地whether引导的从句做of的宾语；两个that所引导的从句分别做evidence和suggestions的同位语。

【译文】由于越来越多的证据表明这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，又因人们对落到地球上的
火星细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论，所以火星上是否存在过生命、是否延续至今的问题一直引人注目。

7．What he has demonstrated, “阐述；示威”he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune“免疫”system. 【分析】that和what分别引导两个表语从句；he believes是插入语，应该前置。

【译文】他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。

8．Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli刺激don't develop sleep disturbances“打扰”or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.
【分析】that引导的宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰animals。

typical of sb.意思是“以……为特征的”。

这句话中这个词组之前省略了，which is，是两个现象的定语从句。

【译文】杜克大学医学院的心理学家琼·伟斯已经证明：被允许控制不快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍，大脑化学成分也不发生变化，这些正是老鼠紧张的典
型表现。

9．The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure.
【分析】句子的主干是The reasons have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation. 两个why均引导定语从句修饰reasons. in response to popular pressure做regulation的后置定语。

【译文】为什么它们没发生，为什么环境被毁灭，这同价格、技术创新、社会变革和政府因公众压力所制定的规章有关。

10.What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute.“替代品”
【分析】这是简单的复杂句，句子的主干是What has happened is that。

主语是what引导的主语从句，谓语是that引导的名词性从句；该从句中every time 引导
一个时间状语从句，为第三层从句。

【译文】所发生的事情是这样的：每当一种原料看来将要短缺，价格就上升，相应地人们就寻找新的供应来源，尽量找到少用这种材料的方法，或者寻找替代品。

11．Not too many decades“十年”ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted“代替”in their place superficial“表面的，肤浅的”relationships with passing acquaintances. “熟人，相识，了解”
【分析】句子的主干是it seemed "obvious" that ，that 之后引导一个很长的主语从句；该从句的谓语动词有三个：changed, loosened, substituted.
【译文】几十年前，在普通大众和社会学家看来这是一个“明显的”事实：现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，淡化了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任感，取而代之的是点头之交的肤浅关系。

12．Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation,
“梳理，离间” a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities.
【分析】这是一个含有比较级的倒装句；a feeling of not belonging是插入语，进一步解释alienation的含义。

【译文】同小城市居民相比，大城市居民也没有更可能表现压力或疏远（即无归属感）的心理症状。

13．As environmentalists convene“集合，召集”in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder“沉思，考虑”the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst“中间n;介词_在..之中”of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past —and how those changes have transformed human existence.
【分析】句子的主干是earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution。

As引导一个时间状语从句，两个how分别引导宾语从句，做understanding的宾语。

【译文】本周，当环境保护专家聚集在里约热内卢考虑今后的全球气候时，地球科学家们在理解过去气候的变化以及这些变化怎样改变了人类的生存方面正处在根本转变的过程中。

14．Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating“阐释，说明”picture of the powerful
geological“地质学的”and astronomical“天文学的”forces that have combined to ch ange the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching“伸展，延申，扩大”back hundreds of millions of years.
【分析】句子的主干是Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture。

That引导一个定于从句修饰forces。

【译文】地球环境从热变冷，从潮湿变干燥。

然后又周而复始，这一过程可追溯至几亿年前，强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起使地球环境发生了这些变化，研究人员开始将这些组合成了一幅清晰的图画。

15.New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution“进化，发展”: from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion“膨胀，拓展”of the human brain to the rise of agriculture.
【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是New research now suggests that……，that引导宾语从句，冒号后面的
成分是对a key role 的说明。

【译文】目前，新的研究表明，气候变化在人类进化的每一个重大转折点都起了重要作用：从大约6500年前灵长目动物的出现到人类祖先直立起来用双腿走路，从人类大脑的迅速膨胀发育到农业的兴起。

16．In the emic“主位的，位的”approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic“民族的，种族的”group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to“关于，就，说起”other cultures or ethnic groups.
【分析】句子的主干是the goal is to describe behavior。

Regard是名词，而不是动词。

in terms of “按照..”in term of “就...而言”
【译文】本位方法的目标是用对一种文化或民族中的人有意义的、重要的术语去描绘该文化或民族的行为，不考虑其他文化或民族。

17．The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne “生，产生”the mark of lowly commerce“商业，贸易”and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined每边都有树的
campuses ruled by purer disciplines“n纪律，训练，学科v训练”such as philosophy“哲理，哲学”and literature.
【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是The MBA has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed. such as 做discipline的同位语，ruled以过去分词的形式做campuses的后置定语，on the tree-lined campuses 做地点状语。

【译文】MBA是20世纪的产物，在纯学术学科如哲学和文化占主导地位的绿树成荫的大学校园里，它往往是低俗的商业铜臭和贪婪的标志。

18.This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony“证明，证据”to the widespread assumption“假定，设想”that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.
【分析】句子的主干是This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960，a testimony...相当于which is a testimony……。

that 后面引导一个同位语从句修饰assumption，其中又包含一个以who引导的定于从句。

【译文】这几乎是1960年商科毕业生的16倍，从而证实了人们的普遍假设，即MBA对那些想在将来某一天开公司的青年男女来说非常关键。

19．The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.“incorporated公司”, has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.
【分析】句子的主干是The success has helped inspire self-conscious debates. whether 引导一个宾语从句和the worth 一同做over 的宾语。

【译文】比尔·盖茨和其他非MBA，如已故Wal-Mart 连锁店的Sam Walton的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教育获得等问题的自发讨论。

20．Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse “冲动，精神冲动”to undercut“削弱，从下边切”the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation
“补偿金”law in 1884.
【分析】复杂的简单句，motivated…… 相当于As he was motivated ……，在句中做原因状语。

句子的主干是Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.
【译文】部分是出于一个基督徒对无助人的怜悯，同时也出于削弱社会党工人运动的支持这一实际政治动机，俾斯麦首相在1884年创立了世界上第一部工人赔偿法。

21．Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow“空洞的，虚伪的，沉闷的”-that, misled by a consumerist“用户至上或者的”culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
【分析】这个句子的结构比较复杂，句子的主干是many have a sense. 第一个that引导sense的同位语；第二个that引导hollow的同位语；misled by a consumerist culture是原因状语；what引导satisfy的宾语从句。

【译文】于是，工业国家的许多人感觉到他们富足的
世界不知何故变空了——由于受到消费中心主义文化的误导，他们试图满足社会的、心理的和精神上的对物质的本质需求，但毫无成果。

22．A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated“自动的”investigative“调查性的”program of his own called SATAN撒旦, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors. 【分析】句子的主干是A new study shows that……，using 作方式伴随状语，that引导一个宾语从句，该从句的主干是the owners have set up home
【译文】天才的程序员，丹·法穆用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究表明，万维网一多半的主人建立了不上锁的家。

23．Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils "came to work as though they came to play," and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students" glad they were there."
【译文】曾经是Ezekiel Cheever, 这个马塞诸州海湾殖民地最著名的校长的学生，Cotton Mather 写到，他备的课程能让学生们感觉“上学就像玩一样”，过了大约三百年，Alfred North Whitehead 注意到一个教师必须使他/她的学生“高兴上学”。

24．A new high-performance contact“接触，联系”lens “镜头，透镜”under development at the department for applied“应用的”physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance“提高，增加”normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats.
【分析】这是一句比较长的简单句。

句子的主干是contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision. under development 作主语的定语，而making people's vision sharper than that of cats作目的状语。

【译文】在H大学的应用物理系研制的一种新型的高性能的隐性眼镜将不仅可以娇正普通的视力缺陷，还能把正常的夜间的视力提高5倍，使得人们的视力比猫还敏锐。

25．Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one tentative“暂时不确定的，实验性的”plan is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual“视觉的，形象的”defects 缺陷from the optician“眼镜商，验光师”to the manufacturer“制造商”, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days.
【分析】这是一个并列符合句，前一个分句的主干是Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market；后一个分句的主干是one tentative plan is……；who 引导一个菲限定性定语从句来修饰manufacturer。

【译文】比尔的眼睛希望在2000年上市，初步计划是利用因特网把患者的视力缺陷信息从眼镜商传到制造商，然后，制造商在两三天内制作好并将其寄出。

实操练习题
1．In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成条件反射）mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously“同时地”feeding them the sweetener and injecting“注入，摄入，插入”them with a drug that while suppressing“镇压，隐瞒，压制”their immune“免
疫”systems caused stomach upsets.
[参考译文]1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠糖精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠的免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。

2．The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared“高涨，猛增”, with close tutorial supervision“监管，管理”giving way to “mass production methods more typical of European universities.”
[参考译文]《泰晤士报》对此有同感，它报怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。

3．By studying mineral“矿物”grains“颗粒”found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles陶器, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals反向dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch开关，转化730,000 years ago. [参考译文]通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确认早在1.7亿
年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。

4．Not content with its doubtful claim声称to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming indust ry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry“家禽，养殖”industry.”
[参考译文]工厂养殖业已不满足于我国人口提供廉价食物的可疑说法，进一步提出了“让贫困国家从家禽养殖业的发展中受益”的论调。

5．Bottom retail prices零售价价格—anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994.
[参考译文]比欧洲和亚洲低30%~70%的零售价价格吸引了约四千七百万的游客于1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留下了79亿美元的收入。

6．It is said that the public and Congressional会议的concern about deceptive（欺骗性的）packaging“包装”rumpus（喧嚣）started because Senator参议员Hart
discovered that the boxes of cereals谷物植物consumed 消耗by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower狭隘的, with a decline下降of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any reduction“减少”in price.
[参考译文]参议员哈特一家在购买合装麦片时发现，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，然而价格却分文未降。

据说，由此在公众和议会中引发了一场关于欺骗性商品包装的轩然大波。

7．The producers of packaged products argue 坚决主张strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes量, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably不利地on the huge costs incurred遭受的，招致的by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product’s market position.
[参考译文]生产包装产品的商家极力反对在改变了包装上原有分量的商品，但他们却丝毫不反对为了扩大产品的市场优势，用于不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品的净重的大笔花费。

8．The biographer传记作家has to dance between two
shaky动摇的positions with respect to the subject.
全句的字面意思是：传记作家不得不在与传主所处的摇摆不定位置之间跳来跳去。

隐含之义为：传记作家必须与传主保持适当距离，并要时常调整与传主间的距离。

9．Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit犯罪，做错事suicide自杀, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.
[参考译文]其他的违法者或者逃亡国外，或者自杀，或者进监狱，计算机犯罪分子却不同，他们可以逃避惩罚，并且要挟不要指控他们，甚至还要求为他们出具有利的推荐信或者为他们提供其他好处，他们的要求往往能够得到满足。

10．Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion.促进，增进
[参考译文]科尔曼得出的结论如下：如今出色的工作
表现十分普遍，虽说工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能够高升。

11．The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous有力的scrutiny细看for cultural bias偏见than the Long man dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives 视角，态度，思考方法of the English-speaking world.
[参考译文]因此，《牛津词典》比《朗读曼词典》更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。

12．And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened变深by the simple mindedness心思as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating排除crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. [参考译文]由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。

13．The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most common place. [参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。

但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。

14．John Dewey has said in all seriousness/ that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way/（in which he can affect traditional custom）, is as the proportion部分，份额of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue 舌头over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
[参考译文]约翰·杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。

15．Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near
Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony 交响曲orchestra.管弦乐队
[参考译文]通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演变的大致轮廓。

16．Having evolved进化，发展when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent内在的，固有的defect缺陷that prevents it from absorbing several streams流of information simultaneously同时地and acting on them quickly.
[参考译文]由于在其进化期间，人类的生活节奏较为缓慢，人脑形成了固有的缺陷，不能同时接收来自多个渠道的信息并迅速进行处理。

17．No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.
[参考译文]如果20年前的人们预想现在的情况，恐怕
谁也无法预见到仅集成电路块一项发明，一旦将其运用于个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人身上，会给世界带来怎样的变化。

18．Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed认为more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
[参考译文]然而，有趣的是，如果长相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然获得成功，人们会认为长相平平的女士的人际关系比漂亮女士好，而她们的能力却不如漂亮女士。

19．Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to ” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual观念的，概念的aspects方面of the interview, its context上下文, and implication s. 含义，暗指
[参考译文]大多数的这类书和一些章节强调如何进行采访，而不是研究采访的概念性问题，比如采访的概念性问题，比如采访的背景以及含义。

这些章节主要。