(完整版)英语字母及字母组合的发音规则

英语字母及字母组合的发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [?] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面 [?] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast
father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a [?] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [?] hundred student open weekend
[i] chicken pocket begin children
i [?]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo
u [?] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母 a e i 即可以读作[?]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
ar [α:] car farm dark sharpener
在[w]音后面[?:] warm quarter towards
or [?:] forty morning short
在[w]音后面[?:] word worker worse
er ir ur [?:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。

例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
are [??] care dare hare
[i?] ere here mere
ire [ai?] fire hire wire
ore [?:] more score before
ure [ju?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[?]音，例如：picture pleasure
重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [??] air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前 [?] small ball talk wall all
[?:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [?:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [i?] hear dear near clear year
[??] bear pear wear swear
[?:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [i?] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如： everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。

其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子＞ holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合读音例词
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method
[T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节
重读开音节
非重读音节
R音节
字母组合
a
[?] bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan
[ei] cake date face game paper lady mistake
[i] bandage climate palace village massage
[?] about Canada China woman sofa address
[ɑ:] arm car dark farm garden yard park market
ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may lay
au-[?:] fault pause cause
aw-[?:] draw hawk lawyer
air-[??] chair fair hair pair
are-[??] care dare share spare
e
[e] bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten [i:] even fever he metre she these
[i] before collage cinema decide enjoy jacket
[?] garden licence open silent excellent travel
[?:] nerve serve term
(重) assert certain her
[?] dinner order farmer
(非) concert perhaps
ee-[i:] beef deep free green
ea-[e] bread dead head ready
-[i:] beat cheap each leaf
ei-[ei] rein vein veil
-[i:] ceiling seize
i(y)
[i] big fish gift milk pick rich any copy enemy
[ɑi] bike nine shine time silent title cry fly my sky style [i] animal English family mistake capital
[?:] bird first girl dirty
[?] affirmation tapir
ie-[i:] chief field piece thief
igh-[ɑi] beight right light high
o
[?] box cock dog fox job on shop wrong
[?u] go no code hope note rose smoke vote
[?] memory obey today consider balcony
[?:] for horse north short sport morning
[?] actor doctor forget mirror comfort
ou-[ɑu] about cloud found
-[?u] mould shoulder soul
-[u:] group route soup
ow-[ɑu] cow down flower
-[?u] bowl flow know
oi-[?i] boil choice coin soil
oo-[u:] boot food moon zoo
-[u] book cook foot good
[?] come some money none ton cover glove love mother other
u
[?] brush club dust fun gun just sun
[u] bush full pull push
[ju:] duty excuse future huge pupil use
[?] autumn column injury industry support
[?:] burn church hurt
[?] murmur pursue
surprise Saturday
ui-[u:] juice fruit cruise
-[ju:]suit suitable suitcase
uy-[ai] buy guy
ure-[ju?] cure pure secure
-[u?] assure insure sure
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节重读开音节非重读音节R音节字母组合
a [?] bag cat jam
map happy sad
back f act hand
pan [ei] c ake d ate
face g ame paper
lady mist ake
[i] b andage climate palace
vill age mass age
[?] about Canada Chin a
woman sofa address
[ɑ:] arm car dar k far m
gar den yar d park mar ket
ai(ay)-[ei] aim f ail
may lay
au-[?:] f ault p ause
cause
aw-[?:] dr aw hawk
lawyer
air-[??] chair f air hair pair
are-[??] care dare share sp are
e [e] b ed desk get
l eg lesson
message n eck
pen rest s end
ten [i:] even fever he
metre she these
[i] b efore collag e cinema
decide enjoy jack et
[?] garden licence open
sil ent excell ent trav el
[?:] nerve serve term
(重) ass ert certain her
[?] dinner order farmer
(非) concert perhaps
ee-[i:] b eef deep
fr ee gree n
ea-[e] bread dea d
head r ea dy
-[i:] b eat cheap
each leaf
ei-[ei] r ein vein
veil
-[i:] c eiling s eize
i(y) [i] b ig fi sh g i ft milk p ick rich
any copy
enemy [ɑi] b ike nine
shine time silent
ti tle cr y fl y my
sky style
[i] an imal Engl ish family
mistake cap ital
[?:] b ir d fir st gir l dir ty
[?] aff ir mation tapir
ie-[i:] ch ief field
piece thief
igh-[ɑi] beigh t
righ t ligh t high
o [?] box cock
dog fox j ob on
shop wrong [?u] go no code
hope note rose
smoke vote
[?] memory obey today
consider balcony
[?:] f or hor se n or th short
sport mor ning
ou-[ɑu] about
cloud found
[?] come some money none ton cover gl ove l ove mother other [?] actor doctor for get
mirr or comf ort
-[?u] m ould
shoulder soul
-[u:] gr oup route
soup
ow-[ɑu] c ow down
fl ower
-[?u] b owl fl ow
know
oi-[?i] b oil choice
coin soil
oo-[u:] b oot food
moon zoo
-[u] b ook cook
foot good
u [?] br ush clu b dust f un gun
j ust sun
[u] b u sh full
pull p ush [ju:] d uty excuse
future huge
pupil use
[?] autumn col umn inj u ry
ind ustry support
[?:] b ur n chur ch hur t
[?] murm ur pur sue
sur prise Satur day
ui-[u:] j ui ce fruit
crui se
-[ju:]s ui t sui table
sui tcase
uy-[ai] b uy guy
ure-[ju?] cure
pure sec ure
-[u?] ass ure insure s ure。