2014年高考真题(英语)重庆卷 纯Word版解析可编辑

2014·重庆卷
一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. [2014·重庆卷] A smile costs ________，but gives much.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
1．C考查代词的用法。

句意：微笑什么都不会花费，但却带来很多。

but表示转折，nothing与much形成语义上的对比。

故选C。

2. [2014·重庆卷] —Why not stay here a little longer?
—________，but I really have to go.
A. Never mind
B. I'd love to
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I can't find any reason
2．B考查情景交际。

I'd love to…或I'd like to…是一种委婉的推辞，答语意思是“我本来想留下来，但我不得不离开”。

never mind意为“不要紧，没关系，别紧张”，常用来安慰他人；pleased to meet you用于见面开始时的寒暄；而I can't find any reason则是不礼貌的表达。

3. [2014·重庆卷] I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can't
B. dare not
C. needn't
D. may not
3．C考查情态动词的用法。

句意：我已经订了披萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。

need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。

4. [2014·重庆卷] You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A. forget
B. are forgetting
C. forgot
D. will forget
4．A考查动词的时态。

在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。

故选A。

5. [2014·重庆卷] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ to our shop for quality problems.
A. returning
B. returned
C. to return
D. to be returned
5．B考查非谓语动词的用法。

cameras 与return是动宾关系，因此用过去分词表示被动，过去分词在此作cameras的定语。

6. [2014·重庆卷] I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
A. the; a
B. a; /
C. a; the
D. the; /
6．A考查冠词的用法。

way后有to the Wilsons'这一后臵定语修饰，表示特指，用定冠词。

姓氏前用不定冠词，表示一个叫这个名字的人，是泛指，此处意为“村子里没有一个叫Wilson的人”。

7. [2014·重庆卷] She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.
A. on
B. along
C. from
D. off
7．D考查介词的用法。

句意：她开车开得太快，以至于在拐弯处差点开下了公路。

此处off表示“离开，偏离”。

8. [2014·重庆卷] James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had come
D. came
8．B考查动词的时态。

该句中的didn't know与until连用决定了该空的时态是过去进行时，即“昨天才知道James要来”。

9. [2014·重庆卷] We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9．A考查定语从句的用法。

此处先行词targets被in a month所扰，考生容易错把month 当成先行词而误选C。

targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以关系词应用which或that。

故选A。

10.[2014·重庆卷] —I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn't
B. haven't
C. didn't
D. hadn't
10．C考查特殊句型的用法。

在“…must have done…”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中，反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式，因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。

若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语，反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式，若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。

该题中上句有last summer，故选C。

11.[2014·重庆卷] Group activities will be organized after class ________ children develop team spirit.
A. helping
B. having helped
C. helped
D. to help
11．D考查非谓语动词的用法。

此题中动词不定式表示目的。

12. [2014·重庆卷] —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favourite universities.
A. when
B. why
C. that
D. how
12．B考查同位语从句的用法。

此题易误选C，但后句对Mike拒绝耶鲁大学的录取意愿感到意外，因为耶鲁大学是Mike最喜欢的大学之一，因此回答者对Mike放弃耶鲁大学感到不可思议。

若用that仅表示不知道此事，但事实上已经知道。

故选B。

13. [2014·重庆卷] It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
13．A考查虚拟语气的用法。

as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。

根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。

故选A。

14.[2014·重庆卷] Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A. until
B. when
C. although
D. where
14．D考查地点状语从句的用法。

主句“Lucy couldn't get a taxi…”和从句“…the bus had dropped her.”均需要地点状语。

故选D。

15. [2014·重庆卷] —Jack, I'd like to have your opinions about my written report.
—________. But I have one suggestion.
A. That's a good idea
B. You are too modest
C. It looks fine to me
D. You should check it first
15．C 考查情景交际。

That's a good idea.一般用于对他人的建议的肯定；You are too modest.是明显的汉式英语表达；You should check it first.是建议，但不应该在没有提议前说出；It looks fine to me.是对该报告的肯定，在肯定之后提出建议，符合语境。

二、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
请阅读下面两篇短文，掌握大意，然后从16～35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

[2014·重庆卷]
A
Five months after my husband Steve died, I woke up one morning to the maddening sound of a leaking faucet(水龙头). I knew it needed repairs badly, but it __16__ me so much just to think of it.
All our __17__ life, I was the “artist，”bringing to our house much imagination. Steve was the“ __18__ ”one. He had a real gift for handling chores(家务活), __19__ me from unpleasant repair jobs.
But how could such a good man have his life cut short so suddenly! I had been so sad and angry that I completely __20__ the house. That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to __21__ the challenge of getting things fixed.
I got a workman named Ahmed. Entering the house, he stopped before a picture of Steve and me. “Doesn't your husband __22__ this kind of work？” he asked. “It's not hard.”
“He died months ago. When he was alive, he did all the repair jobs __23__，”I said quietly. Ahmed looked at me __24__，but didn't reply. He fixed the faucet, adjusted the dishwasher door, and replaced a showerhead. Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been.
He did a(n) __25__ job. I asked him to name his fee. “No charge, Ma'am，” he said. “My father died early, and the neighbours helped my family through.”
By fixing a faucet, Ahmed mended my soul. Although I would sure carry the pain of __26__ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant __27__ in the world.
16. A. hurt B. puzzled
C. cost
D. disappointed
17. A. separate B. shared
C. spiritual
D. social
18. A. active B. boring
C. careless
D. practical
19. A. attracting B. sheltering
C. driving
D. prohibiting
20. A. ignored B. hated
C. cleaned
D. missed
21. A. come up with B. face up to
C. look forward to
D. step away from
22. A. begin B. check
C. like
D. find
23. A. gratefully B. firmly
C. bravely
D. wonderfully
24. A. strangely B. innocently
C. painfully
D. sympathetically
25. A. terrible B. excellent
C. important
D. dangerous
26. A. loss B. failure
C. fear
D. regret
27. A. friendship B. devotion
C. kindness
D. justice
【要点综述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的温情短文。

作者数月前丧夫，生活暗淡。

丈夫Steve 在世时家务和小修小补全包，所以当发现水龙头破裂时作者只好求助别人。

Ahmed的无私相助和他的类似的经历使作者感到人间温情仍存。

16．A虽然只是需要修理，但一想到这个麻烦，“我”便感到头疼。

hurt在此表示“伤痛”。

17．B夫妻过去共同享受生活。

18．D和上句的artist相对，这里表示“Steve是一个干实事的人”。

practical在此表示“实际的，实在的”。

19．B shelter在此处是动词，表示“庇护”，相当于protect。

20．A因为丈夫过早离世，作者感到十分难受，十分倦怠，所以忽略了家，此处显示了作者消极的生活态度。

21．B come up with想起来；face up to勇于面对困境；look forward to期待step away from远离。

此处选face up to表示作者只能选择面对挑战。

22．C Ahmed询问作者，觉得修换水龙头这样的小事她丈夫应该能做。

23．D下文对Ahmed的工作能力进行了评价：和她丈夫Steve一样干得好。

由此可知，Steve的修理工作做得很好。

24．D Ahmed对作者的丧夫之痛深表同情。

25．B由上题解析可知答案。

26．A作者仍然会因丧夫而迷茫、痛苦。

27．C Ahmed的父亲去世早，他的家庭曾得到邻里的帮扶，现在Ahmed伸出援手，这使作者感到世间温情犹存。

[2014·重庆卷]
B
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and __28__ them. Here are some __29__ on how to fit in.
Every traveller to a foreign country feels __30__ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defence is a sense of __31__. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner”．
Wearing proper clothes is important too, __32__ locals will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is __33__，especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing __34__. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is __35__ to kiss in public.
28. A. reject B. recite
C. respect
D. remove
29. A. plans B. tips
C. arguments
D. choices
30. A. unsafe B. excited
C. satisfied
D. awkward
31. A. relief B. belonging
C. humour
D. direction
32. A. but B. for
C. so
D. or
33. A. forbidden B. allowed
C. expected
D. tolerated
34. A. emotions B. concern
C. interest
D. views
35. A. natural B. advisable
C. unwise
D. unnecessary
【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。

作者认为，不管你走到哪里，文化差异始终存在。

短文简要介绍了数种避免因文化差异而造成的误解或误会的方法。

28．C到国外旅行，应学会尊重(respect)这些文化差异而不是排斥(reject)或移除(remove)这些差异。

29．B下文具体介绍了数种避免因文化差异而造成误解的窍门(tips)。

30．D到国外旅行的人士会因不适应这些差异而感到难受(awkward)。

下文介绍了克服这些问题的方法。

31．C后文有laugh off(一笑了之)的具体提示，因为只有幽默和自嘲才能化解尴尬的处境。

32．B for在此是并列连词，表示原因。

穿着得体也很重要，因为(for)当地人常常以冠取人。

33．A从下句中的“So leave your torn jeans at home.”(把穿破了的牛仔裤放在家里)可知暴露肌肤在中东某些国家是禁止的。

34．A从后句中的Getting angry(发怒)可知这里指“情绪宣泄”。

35．C在公众场合接吻和暴露肌肤都属于比较开放的国家文化，而该段主要说明的是不宜有的举动。

三、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

[2014·重庆卷]
A
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labelled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed！” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my
feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled(爬) under her covers, sobbing.Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden ，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books，made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me，“Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
36. What made Kate so angry one evening?
A. She couldn't find her books.
B. She heard the author shouting loud.
C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
37. The author tidied up the room most probably because ________.
A. she was scared by Kate's anger
B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care
D. she was asked by Kate to do so
38. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By analysing causes.
B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process.
D. By following time order.
39. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My friend Kate
B. Hard work pays off
C. How to be organized
D. Learning to be roommates
【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。

故事讲述了作者和其室友由于不同的生活习惯带来的一次冲突之后互相理解而和谐相处的经历。

36．D细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句中的“‘Why under my bed！’”可知答案为D。

37．C推理判断题。

从第三段最后一句中的sympathy可推知作者一改以前懒散的生活态度，用自己的行动去安慰Kate，表示了一种关切。

38．B篇章结构题。

作者通过介绍Kate和自己不同的生活模式来突出彼此之间尖锐的矛盾，故是一种对比。

39．D主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，作者自己改变了，得到了Kate的重新认同，俩人找到了和好的契机，从而学会了怎样做室友。

[2014·重庆卷]
B
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths：I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family
Wrong! While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢). In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied programme that's fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different route. If you do yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain, no gain
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice.
40. What does the author think about being fat?
A. It is the family genes that make people fat.
B. People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C. A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D. It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.
41. According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?
A. By taking varied exercise.
B. By choosing simple exercise.
C. By doing regular exercise.
D. By sticking to outdoor exercise.
42. What is the author's opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?
A. Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B. Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C. Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D. Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
43. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B. To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C. To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D. To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
【要点综述】本文通过雄辩的事实和论证纠正了常见的有关减肥和锻炼的错误认识，并在此基础上提出了一些行之有效的科学措施。

40．D推理判断题。

在关于减肥的两段论述中，作者在第二段论证了家族肥胖的原因并非是基因，而是因为家族人员过量的食物摄入和较少的锻炼所致。

而在第三段中，作者在批驳热量消耗有快有慢的错误论调后，提出了用日记记录自己饮食摄入的科学的方法来控制摄入，从而达到减肥的目的。

41．A细节理解题。

在第四段中作者提出了通过多样化的锻炼方式来提高锻炼的趣味性的方法。

42．B细节理解题。

文章最后一段最后一句建议：如果疼痛不能解除，应停止锻炼而去看医生。

43．B推理判断题。

全文通过对减肥和锻炼的错误观点的批驳，以纠正人们的错误观点。

[2014·重庆卷]
C
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several metres, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting”．
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterwards!
44. Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ________．
A. are not interested in it
B. have biological limitations
C. have not invented proper tools
D. are afraid to make an attempt
45. What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A. It is light enough to walk on water.
B. Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C. It can run across water at a certain speed.
D. Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
46. What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A. To create a thick liquid.
B. To turn the water into solid.
C. To help the liquid behave normally.
D. To enable the water to move rapidly.
47. What is the author's attitude towards the idea of humans' walking on water?
A. It is risky but beneficial.
B. It is interesting and worth trying.
C. It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D. It is impractical though theoretically possible.
【要点综述】本文通过介绍一种被认为可行的水上行走方式来说明人类要实现在水上行走的可行性和难度。

44．B细节理解题。

从第一段第二句可知，如果没有其他的人为辅助手段，人在水上会由于受重量太大而受到限制，最终会沉入水中。

45．C细节理解题。

从第二段可知Basilius basilicus能在水上自由行走是因为它能快速拍打水面而不至于弄湿身体。

46．A细节理解题。

第三段介绍了用一定稠密度的玉米粉末来增加水面厚度的方法，它可以使人类在水上行走。

47．D推理判断题。

根据短文最后一段中的“…it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.”(这个方法还是很没道理，可以权当高级理论谈论但不宜付诸实施)，且最后说如果有人一定要尝试的话，最好配备救生设施以防不测。

由此说明用玉米粉末铺垫水面来行走理论上可行，实际上却无法操作。

[2014·重庆卷]
D
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the telltale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadow-within-shadows would make tiger stripes(条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.
Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.
48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?
A. The elephant stopped.
B. A spotted deer called.
C. The elephant seized a branch.
D. The forest was silent for a while.
49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by________
A. describing various sounds
B. comparing different animals
C. listing different activities
D. introducing various plants
50. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura”most probably mean?
A. To see the diversity.
B. To enjoy the scenery.
C. To feel the atmosphere.
D. To experience the freedom.
51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B. It is very time­consuming to travel in Corbett.
C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
【要点综述】该文介绍了作者和他的一头大象在森林中差点遇见孟加拉虎的经历。

48．B细节理解题。

从第一段最后两句可知答案。

49．A写作方法题。

第一段中有“We sounded like a forest fire-crackling, snapping, trailblazing.”的详尽叙述，forest fire-cracking(森林大火燃烧的声音)，snapping(鞭子噼啪作响), trailblazing(开路先锋的吆喝)等都是对声音的描述。

50．C词义猜测题。

全文都在描写作者和大象在Corbett森林里的各种感觉和感受。

作者对森林环境的描写是其对森林气氛的感知的结果。

故选C。

51．D推理判断题。

从短文最后一段中的“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.”(总之，看见老虎仅仅可以确定其美丽，而寻找老虎的踪迹却能让你感受更多)可知，寻找孟加拉虎很有吸引力。

[2014·重庆卷]
E
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behaviour comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behaviour. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behaviour? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behaviour to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behaviour to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behaviour is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize. Maybe_we_recycle_because_our_wives_and_neighbours_would_disapprove_if_we_didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in
mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ”
52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ________．
A. determine one's behaviour
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behaviour is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behaviour and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
【要点综述】本文论述了人之所以成为某种性格的人是因为他或她在不断受到环境和他人的影响下而成为他或她假装的那个人，这是一个悖论，但事实果真如此吗？读完该文，读者会有更多的思考空间。

52．A细节理解题。

由文章第一句及该题题干中的commonly believed可知由性格决定行为的见解颇为常见。

而后文则是对这种观点的反相论证。

53．A推理判断题。

答案A中的indicate one's honesty具有双关意义：拾金不昧是诚信的表现；拾金不昧是为了给人诚信的印象。

根据Daryl Bem的观点可知A项正确。

54．B推理判断题。

因为妻子或邻居不会认可不爱环境的行为，所以只有从众才能得到认可，而实际上热爱环境是否是其本性却不得而知。

由此可知，人的行为可受到来自外界压力的影响。

55．C主旨大意题。

全文通过对行为和性格的深刻分析得出结论。

故选C。

四、写作(共两个写作任务，满分35分)
[2014·重庆卷]
写作一(满分15分)
请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

“My friend falls，I laugh；my phone falls，I cry.”
要求：(1)就此材料发表你的看法；
(2)紧扣材料，有明确的观点；
(3)词数不少于60。

[2014·重庆卷]
写作二(满分20分)
青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏，邀请大家分享心目中的“最好礼物”。

她认为，礼物贵在心意，应为之付出时间和精力。

假设你是李华，请用英文发帖，内容应包括：
1. 赞同Susan的看法；
2. 你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么；
3. 该礼物的意义；
4. 期待大家回复。

注意：1. 词数不少于80；
2. 符合语言规范；
3. 开头已给出(不计入总词数)。

I am a high school student from China.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】
审题：friend和phone形成对比；laugh和cry形成矛盾。

因此有话可说。

一般而论，应该选择批驳重电话而轻友谊的信念，即不要重物质而轻友情。

【写作技巧】
首先要对材料进行阐释，不宜抄袭原材料，而是改写材料；其次是进行选择性论述；最后提出建议。

遣词造句尽量使用自己熟悉的词句，特别是要尽量使用较为复杂的句型，如状语从句、定语从句等。

【参考答案】
写作一
One possible v ersion：
This happens frequently in a teenager's world which depends on cellphones too much. In the eyes of the youngsters', friendship is important. But when it comes to the balance of friends and cellphones, kids tend to regard the latter as their bigger share.
I don't think it is wise to neglect a devoted human friend but favour the phone, because human friends can push us on in the fierce struggle in life while phones are only our tools. So next time, when your friend falls, don't laugh at him or her but help him or her stand up.
写作二
I_am_a_high_school_student_from_China and I am quite for your opinion about best gift: the value of gifts lies in its intension so we should devote more to them.
The best gift I've ever received is a book from my English teacher, Debbie, which she brought to me when she returned from her holiday in USA. The book's name is Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal Friends. I value this book because it shows me how to keep the balance of friendship in a positive way.
I strongly recommend you to read it and share what you gain with me in your reply.
Yours ever，
Li Hua。