专业英语复习题库

个人根据机器翻译，仅供参考
专业应试题库
一，专业词汇翻译
A spherical system of coordinates 球面坐标系统Absolute scale绝对温标
Absolute temperature 绝对温度
Absolute zero 绝对零度
Acute angle锐角
Adiabatic process绝热过程
Adjacent临近的
Amount of heat 热量
Amplitude振幅
Analytical expression解析式
Angular momentum角动量
Angular velocity角速度
Annihilate消灭
Appreciable可感知的
Approximate solution近似解
Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的
Assume that 假设
At constant pressure定压比热
At rest静止的，
Axial symmetry轴对称
Axis of rotation旋转轴
Be independent of 独立的，
Be proportional to 与……成比例
Bend使弯曲的
Capacitor电容器
Center of mass质心
Centripetal force向心力
Cgs厘米-克-秒（Centimeter-Gram-Second）
Change in jumps 跳跃的变化
Chaotic无序的
Charge by conduct 负责的行为
Charge by induction 感应电荷
Circulation motion圆周运动
Classical mechanics经典力学
Coefficient系数
Coherent连贯的
Combustion engine内燃机
Comparison 参照物
Compensate 补偿，抵消
Conductor导体
Consecutive 连贯的Consequently结果，因此Conservation保存保护Considerable 相当大的
Constant常量
Constructive interference 干涉Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb’s law库伦定律
Counter-phase相位差
Cross-sectional 分类排列
Curl卷曲，
Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率
Denominator分母
Density密度
Derivative倒数
Destructive interference破坏性干扰Developing发展中
Deviation from脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的
Difference差异
Diffraction衍射
Dimension 维
Discrete value离散值Displacement位移
Distance 距离疏远
Distribution function分布函数Divergence 分歧
Dynamics动力学
Elastic collision弹性碰撞
Electric dipole弹性偶极子Electric field 弹性场
Electric potential 弹性势
Electric potential energy弹性势能Electrically polarized电极化的Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁的
Electron电子
Electrostatic静电的
Elementary mass聚集起来的元素Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光乳剂
Energy能量精力
Energy level 能级
Entropy 熵
Equilibrium均衡
Equipartition principle均分原理
Ether乙醚
Exposure暴露
External force外力
Factor因素
First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面
Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射
Free fall自由落体
Friction摩擦力
Gamma photon伽马射线
General theory relativity广义相对论
Geometrical几何的
Gradient梯度
Gravity重力，地心引力
Grow proportionally to 正比增长
Harmonic function调和函数
Harmonic oscillator谐波发射器
Heat 高温热度
Heat capacity 热熔
Heat engine热机
Heat transfer热传递
Hence因此
Histogram直方图
Hologram 全息图
Holography 全系摄影
Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens’ Principle惠更斯原理
Hypothetical medium 假设介质
Ideal gass理想气体
Identical 同一的，完全相同的
Illuminate说明
Impart 给予
Impulse脉冲
Inalienable不可分割的
Incident light入射光
Inclination倾向爱好
Incoherent语无伦次的
Increase增加
Increment增量
Inertia惯性
Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外线照射
Initial moment 初力矩Instantaneous瞬间的
Insulator 绝缘体
Integral 完整的
Interference 干涉
Internal energy 内能
Internal force内力
Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic 单折射性
Kinematics运动学
Law of cosine law余弦定理
Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的
Mass块儿
Mass-energy conversion质能转换定理Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学
Molar heat gas capacity 摩尔热能Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum势能
Monatomic单原子的Monochromatic light单色光
Motion动作
Multiply多样的
Neutron中子
Newton’s first law牛顿第一定律
Non-equilibrium state非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于
Nuclei原子核
Nucleon 核子
Numerator 分子
Object beam 物体光束
Obtuse angle钝角
Operator话务员
Overlap 重叠
Polarization两极化
Parallel axis theorem平行轴的定理Parallel beams平行光束
Parallel rays平行光
Parallelogram method平行四边形法则
Parameter of state态变数
Perfectly rigid body 完全刚体
Perpendicular垂直的
Phase difference相位差
Phenomena现象
Piston活塞
Point charge点电荷
Point particle质点
Power功率
Preference优先权
Principle of relativity相对论
Probability可能性
Probability distribution function概率分布函数
Projection 投射
Propagate传播繁殖
Proton质子
Pseudoscopic幻视镜
Quantitative conclusion定量的结论
Quasi-static 准静态的
Radian弧度
Radius半径
Rarefaction稀薄的
Real image实像
Rectilinear motion 直线运动
Redistribution重新分配
Reference frame参考系
Reference wave参考波
Relative atomic mass of an element一个元素的相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance相对分子质量的物质Relaxation process弛豫过程
Relaxation time 弛豫时间
Reversible (process)可逆过程
Rotational inertia转动惯量
Scalar标量
Scalar field标量场
Semiconductor半导体
Semitransparent 半透明的
Solid angle立体角
Spatial coherence 空间相干性
Special theory of relativity狭义相对论
Specific heat capacity 比热容
Speed 速度速率
Stationary 固定的
Subscript下标
Superpose 重叠的
Superposition叠加
Symmetry对称的
Temperature温度
Temporal coherence 时间相干性
Terminal velocity末速度
Test charge监测电荷
The difference on optical path 光路的区别
The equation of state of an ideal gass理想盖斯方程
The magnitude of a vector向量的大小
The number of degree of freedom自由度数量
The reciprocal of 倒数
The refractive index折射率
The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则
The second derivative of 二阶导数
The square of distance距离的平方
The tangential acceleration切向加速度
Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标
Three dimensional三维的
Time averaged value时间平均价值
Time dilation时间扩张
Timepiece计时器
Torque力矩
Torsion balance扭秤
Translation motion平移运动
Triatomic三原子的
Tuning fork音叉
Twin paradox孪生子谬论
Ultraviolet light紫外线
Undeformable body
Uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动
Unit time单位时间
Vector field 矢量场
Vectors矢量
Velocity 速率
Virtual image虚像
Wave length 波长
Wave number波数
Weight重量
)
二、段落翻译翻译('54
1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the
initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.
2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which
motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.
3、The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in
thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.
4、If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the
directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.
5、Huygen s’ principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can
be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.
6、If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we
can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.
7、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which
motion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.
8、Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the
moving body remains parallel to itself .
9、Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the
nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.
10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.
11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.
12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,. 13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.
E to determine the work done on a particle by conservative 14, We can thus use the function
p
forces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .
15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of
a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the
angular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity 0v relative to the stationary frame.
16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.
17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.
18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.
19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin..
20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.
21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.
22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.
23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation.
Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.
25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.干涉和衍射没有明显的区别
26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.
同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引
27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge.。