(完整版)高中英语选修7unit3underthesea语法

Book 7 Unit3 Under the sea

随笔

grammar

the Passive Voice of

—ing Form

1、V-ing 形式

V-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成，其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状

语构成V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。

时态语态主动语态被动语态

一般式(not) doing (not) being done

完成式(not) having done (not) having been done

【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。

完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。

2、动词-ing形式的被动语态

当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。

动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、

宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。

3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能

（1）用作主语

E.g. ①Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.

②Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make successful kill.

★______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (上海高考题2002)

A. Exposed

B. Having exposed

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed

（2）用作宾语

E.g. ①He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.

②I remember having been told the story.

V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。

★The bird escaped _____________________ (catch).

★He was afraid of _________________________(abandon) by us.

【注意】

在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on

等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。

（3）用作定语

E.g. ①The problem being discussed now is very important.

② The house being built will be our library upon its completion.

（4）用作状语

E.g. ①Being asked to answer the question, she couldn’t refuse.

② Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at all?

（5）用作表语

E.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.

（6）用作宾语补足语

E.g. ①You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere now.

②I saw a baby being caught away by two men.

【练习】

动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?

★So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.

★He didn’t mind being left at home.

★That building being repaired is our library.

★Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.

★Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

4、比较

①动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式

(1) He hurried home, looking behind from time to time.

(2) The building being repaired is our dormitory.

②动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式

(1) Having heard this, our teacher expressed her satisfaction.

(2) Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t leave.

【注意】

1）在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。

E.g. ①The flowers in the garden want watering．

= The flowers in the garden want to be watered．花园里的花需要浇水了。

②The blackboard needs cleaning.

= The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。

2）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。

E.g. His suggestion is worth considering. 他的提议值得考虑

此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.

His suggestion is worthy of being considered.

3）allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing 形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。

E.g. I don’t allow him to swim here.我不允许他在此地游泳。