何家弘法律英语第六课

Inspection
Direct physical view by a qualified government official A substitute for adjudication procedures Determine the existence or not of conditions warranting formal administrative action
行政法的主要任务是确保对政府的控制，并保证政府 的工作效率。
Paradigmatic procedures
Paradigmatic relationship with overseers 标准程序、标准关系
Can and do vary to meet the needs of particular situations
行使公共权力的行政单位构成行政机关。
Agency action
Administrative procedure legislation —— relatively formal procedures of adjudication, rulemaking 正式判决、规章制定 Federal agency action —— grant, denial, or failure to act upon……
标准程序以及与监督机构之间的标准关系并非一成不 变。
Sketchy models
Formal adjudication 正式裁决 Informal adjudication 非正式裁决 Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定 Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定 Interpretation 解释
Three concerns: 1. The procedures employed by “agencies” in effecting “agency action” 2. Judicial review of those actions 3. Special procedures relating to the handling and release of information in the government’s possession
Informal adjudication
The taking decisions by bureaucratic routine 通 过政治程序作出非正式裁决
judicial review is relatively permissive
Formal rulemaking
To determine a statute-like norm for future application 确 定准法律规范的程序 No strict separation (differs from formal adjudication) Hearing Judicial review
Informal rulemaking
The agency explain its basis and purpose Decision is taken bureaucratically
Judicial review
Full force of statutory law
Interpretation
Lesson Six Administrative Law
Laws are generally found to be nets of such a texture, as the little creep through, the great break through, and the middle-sized are alone entangled in .
……Can be connected with public administration
The central tasks of administrative law
Assuring the control as well as the effectiveness of government
Informal rulemaking
The ordinary procedure for generating statute like norห้องสมุดไป่ตู้s .
……initiated by a notice of the proposed action
Written comments Oral hearings
Administrative law
Grab-bag for all government actions affecting private persons ……
___those of the criminal law or the ordinary civil law as administered by courts
William Shensto , British poet
人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种网，触犯法律的人，小 的可以穿网而过，大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠入网 中。 英国诗人 申斯通 W
Background
Administrative law is broken into several interrelated parts. They are: administrative rules, regulations and procedures for government agencies and bodies; the scope of agency authority, in particular individual privacy; and enforcement powers of agencies.
Inspection 监督
Formal adjudication
Resemble a civil trial Conduct before an administrative law judge or agency A strict separation of functions within an agency The results of formal adjudication are generally reviewed by courts Hearing ——听证会
Generating and announcing agency interpretations of applicable norms Generated internally or in response to a request No procedure is required Do not formally bind persons outside the agency Be regarded as persuasive by the courts
Model State Administrative Procedure Act
行政行为包括自由地履行或不履行职责、职能和行为
例外
传统的刑事诉讼、传统的民事诉讼、严格意义上的政 治行为
Criminal law proceedings
Civil litigation Political acts
Neither a court nor a legislature nor an elected chief executive can be an “agency”.
法院、立法机构和行政长官都不构成“行政机关”。
“Agency” includes every administrative unit exercising public authority