北师大 古代文学 2015 考博真题回忆版
文学史
1.先秦两汉文献阐释对文体发展的影响
2.李白《古风十九首》之“大雅久不作”、韩愈《送孟冬野序》、柳宗元《答
韦中立论师道书》、白居易《与元九书》的主要内容，谈谈唐代作家对前呆文学发展的批判继承。
3.宋金元明清朝代变更对文学发展的影响
文献
1、1）史通《模拟》节选
2）结合古代文学复古思想对本文进行评析并谈谈你的看法
2、屠隆《与友人论诗文》概括思想
复试
洪迈《四六名对》，断句解释典故。
四六骈俪，于文章家为至浅，然上自朝廷命令、诏册，下而缙绅之间笺书、祝疏，无所不用。则属辞比事，固宜警策精切，使人读之激卬，讽味不厌，乃为得体。姑摭前辈及近时缀缉工致者十数联，以诒同志。
王元之《拟李靖平突厥露布》，其叙颉利求降且复谋窜曰：“穽中饿虎，暂为掉尾之求；韝上饥鹰，终有背人之意。”《蕲州谢上表》曰：“宣室鬼神之问，敢望生还；茂陵封禅之书，已期身后。”
范文正公微时，尝冒姓朱，及后归本宗，作启曰：“志在逃秦，入境遂称于张禄；名非霸越，乘舟偶效于陶朱。”用范雎、范蠡，皆当家故事。邓润甫行《贵妃制》曰：“《关雎》之得淑女、无险诐私谒之心；《鸡鸣》之思贤妃，有警戒相成之道。”
绍圣中，《百僚请御正殿表》曰：“皇矣上帝，必临下而观四方；大哉乾元，当统天而始万物。”
东坡《坤成节疏》曰：“至哉坤元，德既超于载籍；养以天下，福宜冠于古今。”《慰国哀表》曰：“大哉孔子之仁，该然流涕；至矣显宗之孝，梦若平生。”《谢赐带马表》曰：“枯赢之质，匪伊垂之而带有余；敛退之心，非敢后也而马不进。”
王履道《大燕乐语》曰：“五百里采，五百里卫，外包有截之区；八千岁春，八千岁秋，上祝无疆之寿。”《除少宰余深制》曰：“盖四方其训，以无竞维人；必三后协心，而同底于道。”时并蔡京为三相也。《执政以边功转官词》曰：“惟皇天付予，庶其在此；率宁人有指，敢弗于从。”
翟公巽行《外国王加恩制》曰：“宗祀明堂，所以教诸侯之孝；大责四海，不敢遗小国之臣。”知越州日，以擅发常平仓米救荒降官，谢表曰：“敢效秦人，坐视越人之瘠；既安刘氏，理知晁氏之危。”
孙仲益试词科日，《代高丽国王谢赐燕乐表》曰：“玉帛万国，干舞已格于七旬；箫韶九成，肉味遽忘于三月。”又曰：“荡荡乎无能名，虽莫见宫墙之美；欣欣然有喜色，咸豫闻管龠之音。”自中书舍人知和州，既压境，见任者拒不纳，以启答郡僚曰：“虽文书衔袖，大人不以为疑；然君命在门，将军为之不受。”邻郡不发上供钱米，受旨推究，为平亭其事，邻守驰启来谢，答之曰：“包茅不入，敢加问楚之师；辅车相依，自作全虞之计。”
汪彦章作《靖康册康王文》曰：“汉家之厄十世，宜光武之中兴；献公之子九人，惟重耳之尚在。”为中书舍人试潭州，进士何烈卷子内称臣及圣，问不举觉，坐罢职，谢表曰：“谓子路使门人为臣，虽诚誖理；而徐邈云酒中有圣，初亦何心？”又曰：“书马者与尾而五，常负谴忧；网禽而去面之三，永衔生赐。”宋齐愈坐于金虏立诸臣状中，辄书“张邦昌”字，送御史台，责词曰：“义重于生，虽匹夫不可夺志；士失其守，或一言几于丧邦。”又曰：“眭孟五行之说，岂所宜言？袁宏九锡之文，兹焉安忍？”责张邦昌词曰：“虽天夺其衷，坐愚至此；然君异于器，代匮可乎？”知徽州，其乡郡也，谢启曰：“城郭重来，疑千载去家之鹤；交游半在，或一时同队之鱼。”
阅笔何抡除秘书少监，未几，以口语出守邓，谢启曰：“云外三山，风引舟而莫近；海滨八月，槎犯斗以空还。”
阅笔杨政除太尉，汤歧公草制曰：“远览汉京，传杨氏者四世；近稽唐室，书系表者七人。”谓杨震子秉、秉子赐、赐子彪，四世为太尉。李德裕辞太尉云：“国朝重惜此官，二百年间才七人。”其用事精确如此。
阅笔蒋子礼拜右相，王诇贺启曰：“早登黄阁，独见明公之妙年；今得旧儒，何忧左辖之虚位？”皆用杜诗语“扈圣登黄阁，明公独妙年”，“左辖频虚位，今年得旧儒”，亦可称
1、穽中饿虎，暂为掉尾之求；韝上饥鹰，终有背人之意
2、宣室鬼神之问，敢望生还；茂陵封禅之书，已期身后。
3、志在逃秦，入境遂称于张禄；名非霸越，乘舟偶效于陶朱。
4、《关雎》之得淑女、无险诐私谒之心；《鸡鸣》之思贤妃，有警戒相成之道。
5、枯赢之质，匪伊垂之而带有余；敛退之心，非敢后也而马不进。
6、皇矣上帝，必临下而观四方；大哉乾元，当统天而始万物。
7、至哉坤元，德既超于载籍；养以天下，福宜冠于古今
8、敢效秦人，坐视越人之瘠；既安刘氏，理知晁氏之危
9、玉帛万国，干舞已格于七旬；箫韶九成，肉味遽忘于三月。
10、包茅不入，敢加问楚之师；辅车相依，自作全虞之计。
11、汉家之厄十世，宜光武之中兴；献公之子九人，惟重耳之尚在。
12、谓子路使门人为臣，虽诚誖理；而徐邈云酒中有圣，初亦何心？
13、义重于生，虽匹夫不可夺志；士失其守，或一言几于丧邦。
14、城郭重来，疑千载去家之鹤；交游半在，或一时同队之鱼。
中科院应化所考博真题2014高等物理化学及答案
中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题 高等物理化学 一、填空题(每空1分，共计7分) 1、在定温、定压的电池反应中，当反应达到平衡时，电池的电动势= 0（填 >、<、=、≠）。 2、液体在毛细管中上升的高度与毛细管体积基本无关。与毛细管半径、接触角、两相密度差有关。 3、三组分体系平衡共存的最大相数为5。，最大自由度为4 f=C+2-Q,三组分，所以C=3，Q为相数，f为自由度 4、范德华气体绝热向真空膨胀后，气体的温度将下降。 5、对弯曲液面所产生的附加压力一定≠ 0（填 >、<、=、≠）。 6、A及B二组分组成的凝聚体系能生成三种稳定的化合物，则于常压下在液相开 始冷却的过程中，最多有2种固相同时析出。 7、NH4HS(s)放入真空容器中，并与其分解产物NH3(g)和H2S(g)达到平衡，则该系统中组分数C= 2 ，相数P=2,自由度F=2 二、判断题(每题1分，共计7分, 对的“√”，错的“×”) 1、温度一定的时候，气体的体积与压力的乘积等于常数。(×) 2、系统的混乱度增加，则其熵值减小。(×) 3、处于标准状态的CO (g)，其标准燃烧热为零。(×) 4、四个热力学基本方程适用于所有封闭体系的可逆过程。(√) 5、在纯溶剂中加入少量不挥发的溶质后形成的稀溶液沸点将升高。(√) 6、惰性组分的加入将使反应的平衡转化率降低。（×） 7、只受温度影响的平衡系统自由度F=C-P+1。(√) 三、选择题(每题2分，共计30分) 1、关于物质临界状态的下列描述中,不正确的是 A (A)在临界状态, 液体和蒸气的密度相同, 液体与气体无区别 (B)每种气体物质都有一组特定的临界参数 (C)在以ｐ、Ｖ为坐标的等温线上, 临界点对应的压力就是临界压力 (D)临界温度越低的物质, 其气体越易液化 2、热力学第一定律ΔU=Q+W 只适用于 D
浙大考博英语真题部分考试
浙大考博英语真题部分考试
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2016年浙江大学博士生英语 听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at T aylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent. Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.----- 文章来源托福听力 听力是托福内容，完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~
北京师范大学考博英语真题常见的一些介词及其用法
北京师范大学考博英语真题常见的一些介词及其用法介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词，它不能单独作句子成分，后接名词、代词等作其宾语。 一、介词搭配 介词常与名词、动词、形容词等搭配。 (一)与名词搭配 如： in deficit(赤字，逆差) approach to(……的方法) in the wake of(紧紧跟随，随着……而来) from scratch(从零开始)需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 例句：China also signed a long term trade agreement with the EEC in1978while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of1979. 分析：该句是并列句。 译文：1978年中国还与欧洲经济共同体签署了长期贸易协议;随着1979年初与美国外交关系正常化的到来，中国与美国的贸易也迅速增长。 (二)与动词搭配 如： move along(沿着) bustle about(匆忙) buoy up(上升)
rein in(抑制) pass down(使流传) 例句：The decline was partly caused by India s reining in of its budget deficit and the short term effects of the implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures. 分析：该句是简单句。 译文：衰退的部分原因是印度抑制其预算赤字及推行强有力的紧急稳定措施的短期效果。 例句：Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage，either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father s line or mitochondrial DNA,which is passed down only from mothers.(选自2009年Text2) 分析：该句是复合句，句子主干是most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either...or...引导的并列短语作a single lineage的同位语，which is passed down only from mothers是一个修饰mitochondrial DNA的非限制性定语从句。 译文：然而，许多血统检测仅仅考虑一个单一的血统，要么是遗传来自父亲家庭里的Y染色体，要么是仅从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。 (三)与形容词搭配 如： amenable to(对……负责) conducive to(对……有益) awkward for(对……不便，对……不合适) 例句：Korea traditionally has made things awkward for foreigners
2020年北京理工大学813考研真题回忆版
北京理工大学 2020 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（真题回忆） 科目代码： 813 科目名称：计算机专业基础满分： 150 分 注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效； ③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ 第一部分：数据结构（120分） 1. 填空题 1）一颗二叉树使用二叉链表存储，使用____遍历可以求出树的深度。 2）m 阶 B-树的非根非叶节点的孩子节点至少有___个 3）一个循环队列（size 为 100），rear 和 front 分别是 6 和 13，这个队列的长度是___. 4）一个关于链表操作的时间复杂度的问题，比较简单，我忘了… 剩下的题就记不清了。 2.判断题 1)静态链表的插入和删除操作比动态链表的要快。 2）从平均时间复杂度来看，折半查找要比二叉排序树查找快。 其他简单的我都忘了。 3.选择题 好像有两道题是考适合的数据结构的。（比如用下面哪一种数据结构表示队列最合适）其他的记不清了。 下面都是大题。 4.给了两个堆的操作函数：（20 分） PercolateUp(T,N,I):对长度为 N 的堆的 I 位置进行向上筛选使得以 I 为根的堆成为一个小顶堆。
PercolateDown(T,N,I):对长度为 N 的堆的 I 位置进行向下筛选使得以 I 为根的堆成为一个小顶堆。 1）使用上面的函数说明如何根据一个序列建立一个小顶堆。然后给了一个序列，让 写出最终建立的小顶堆。 2）使用上面的函数说明如何在一个小顶堆中插入一个元素。然后给了一个序列，让 写出插入一个元素后建立的小顶堆。 3）使用上面的函数说明如何在一个小顶堆中删除一个非堆顶元素。然后给了一个序列，让写出删除一个非堆顶元素后建立的小顶堆。 4）使用上面的函数说明如何在一个小顶堆中修改一个元素。然后给了一个序列，让 写出修改一个元素后建立的小顶堆。 5.这道题 28 分还是 38 分。。。错不起。 给了一个平衡二叉树的结点定义，然后又给了平衡二叉树的几个操作函数(LR,LL,RR,RL 旋转操作函数)。 1) 请写出 LLRotation(L)的代码。 2) 程序填空题： 平衡二叉树的 Insert 操作。 3）给了一个序列，写出最后建立的平衡二叉树。 6. 1）给了这些符号：+ - * / ( ) 在栈外的运算符优先级，让写出这些符号在栈内的运算符优先级。 2）给了一个中缀表达式，让把其转换为后缀表达式的过程写出来（每一步中栈中运算符和当前输入符号还有后缀表达式都要写）。 3）还是写运算符优先级。 7.给了一个链表算法，让写出其时间复杂度并改进。这道题很简单。
15中科院考博英语部真题
词汇（无） 完型（网络上找到的原文，试题没有这么长，压缩了。划线部分为虫友考后忆起的待选空及答案） In the last post, we discussed why fabrication and falsification are harmful to scientific knowledge-building. The short version is that if you’re trying to build a body of reliable knowledge about the world, making stuff up (rather than, say, making careful observations of that world and reporting those observations accurately) tends not to get you closer to that goal. Along with fabrication and falsification, plagiarism is widely recognized as a high crime against the project of science, but the explanations for why it’s harmful generally make it look like a different kind of crime than fabrication and falsification. For example, Donald E. Buzzelli (1999) writes: [P]lagiarism is an instance of robbing a scientific worker of the credit for his or her work, not a matter of corrupting the record. (p. 278) Kenneth D, Pimple (2002) writes: One ideal of science, identified by Robert Merton as ―disinterestedness,‖ holds that what matters is the finding, not who makes the finding. Under this norm, scientists do not judge each other’s work by reference to the race, religion, gender, prestige, or any other incidental characteristic of the researcher; the work is judged by the work, not the worker. No harm would be done to the Theory of Relativity if we discovered Einstein had plagiarized it… [P]lagiarism … is an offense against the community of scientists, rather than against science itself. Who makes a particular finding will not matter to science in one hundred years, but today it matters deeply to the community of scientists. Plagiarism is a way of stealing credit, of gaining credit where credit is not due, and credit, typically in the form of authorship, is the coin of the realm in science. An offense against scientists qua scientists is an offense against science, and in its way plagiarism is as deep an offense against scientists as falsification and fabrication are offenses against science. (p. 196) Pimple is claiming that plagiarism is not an offense that undermines(zqc2849) the knowledge-building project of science per se. Rather, the crime is in depriving other scientists of the reward they are due for participating in this knowledge-building project. In other words, Pimple says that plagiarism is problematic not because it is dishonest, but rather because it is unfair. While I think Pimple is right to identify an additional component of responsible conduct of science besides honesty, namely, a certain kind of fairness to one’s fellow scientists, I also think this analysis of plagiarism misses an important way(whj19890715) in which misrepresenting the source of words, ideas, methods, or results can undermine the knowledge-building project of science. On the surface, plagiarism, while potentially nasty to the person whose report is being stolen, might seem not to undermine the scientific community’s evaluation(zqc2849) of the phenomena. We are still, after all, bringing together and comparing a number of different observation reports to determine the stable features of our experience of the phenomenon. But this comparison often involves a dialogue as well. As part of the
2019年浙江大学硕士生英语机考及考博英语-听力部分模拟题(难度相当)
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