选修六unit5grammar
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此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语， 表明该动作发生在realized之前。
4. _______ such heavy pollution already, A it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered 由already提示，分词动作发生在谓 语之前，故须用分词的完成式。
5. The secretary worked all night long, B _____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
非谓语动词充当伴随状语，与主语 the secretary是主动关系，因此用 v.-ing形式。
使用- ing形式需注意的4个问题.
1、分词 (短语) 作状语时, 前后两个动作
的主语是同一个人。
2 、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介 词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如 but，and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。
3、用V+ing一般式 还是Having+done完成式， 要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在 可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词 表示先发生的动作。 4、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。
•I was feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
•I worked hard all day. I went to bed early.
Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
• [5] 作伴随状语
1. I stood there, waiting for her.
(=…, and waited for her.) 2. Following Mike, they started to climb.
3. The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说 着。 The children ran out of the laughing room,_________and _________ merrily. talking
If you work hard, you'll succeed. =Working hard, you'll succeed.
•[4] 作让步状语 1. Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. =Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.
-ing分词的构成
主动形式 被动形式
一般式
doing haБайду номын сангаасing done
being done having been done
完成式
现在分词作状语 -ing分词作状语可以表 示时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、方式或伴 随情况等。
• [1] 作时间状语 Walking along the street, I met Mary.
注:(1) 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句 的主语一致。V--ing表主动或进行,--ed 表完 成或被动. •Looking _______(look)out of the window ,we can see a big tree. • ________ (see)from the window, a big Seen tree can be seen.
Consolidation 1. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making C. made B. makes D. to make
The Present Participle as Adverbial （现在分词做状语）
-ing分词的一般式和完成式：
Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
(2) 否定式not的位置 (在分词的最前面加 not)
Not knowing her address,we could not get in touch with her. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造 成的巨大损害。
3. ________ in the queue for half an C hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waited
7.__________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match. A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning 8. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________"Sorry to miss you; will call later.“ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 9.________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge
5．The missing singer was last seen ____ the voice close to the bridge． A．exercising B．to be exercising C．exercise D．to exercise 6.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see ____ the next year． A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
(=While I was walking along the street, …) 听到这个消息时， 他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Hearing the news ________________, they all jumped with joy.
•[2] 作原因状语 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (=Because I was tired, …) 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。
(3)“with/without+n.+-ing” 结 构 在 句 中 作 状 语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. With final-exams coming, he feels very nervous.
3.”Can’t you read?” Mary said ______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing C. angrily pointed B. and point angrily D. and angrily pointing
4. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C.Not having received D. Having not received
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away. B A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
running away在此作shouted的伴随 状语，由Janet发出这一动作。
D 2. The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
Not knowing her address _______________________, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
• [3] 作条件状语 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, …)
独立成分：
有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受 句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有： generally(frankly,honestly…) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of （谈到）等。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do? Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
[6] 作结果状语。如：
His father left, leaving him a lot of money. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成 了碎片。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look. = Hearing a strange sound, he went out of ….
As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately. be - being Being seriously ill, the girl was taken to …. As she didn’t know any French, she couldn’t get any one to help her. Not knowing any French, she couldn’t get any one to help her.
-ing分词的被动式
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
-ing分词的否定形式是由not /never加ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
4. _______ such heavy pollution already, A it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered 由already提示，分词动作发生在谓 语之前，故须用分词的完成式。
5. The secretary worked all night long, B _____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
非谓语动词充当伴随状语，与主语 the secretary是主动关系，因此用 v.-ing形式。
使用- ing形式需注意的4个问题.
1、分词 (短语) 作状语时, 前后两个动作
的主语是同一个人。
2 、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介 词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如 but，and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。
3、用V+ing一般式 还是Having+done完成式， 要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在 可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词 表示先发生的动作。 4、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。
•I was feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
•I worked hard all day. I went to bed early.
Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
• [5] 作伴随状语
1. I stood there, waiting for her.
(=…, and waited for her.) 2. Following Mike, they started to climb.
3. The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说 着。 The children ran out of the laughing room,_________and _________ merrily. talking
If you work hard, you'll succeed. =Working hard, you'll succeed.
•[4] 作让步状语 1. Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. =Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.
-ing分词的构成
主动形式 被动形式
一般式
doing haБайду номын сангаасing done
being done having been done
完成式
现在分词作状语 -ing分词作状语可以表 示时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、方式或伴 随情况等。
• [1] 作时间状语 Walking along the street, I met Mary.
注:(1) 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句 的主语一致。V--ing表主动或进行,--ed 表完 成或被动. •Looking _______(look)out of the window ,we can see a big tree. • ________ (see)from the window, a big Seen tree can be seen.
Consolidation 1. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making C. made B. makes D. to make
The Present Participle as Adverbial （现在分词做状语）
-ing分词的一般式和完成式：
Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
(2) 否定式not的位置 (在分词的最前面加 not)
Not knowing her address,we could not get in touch with her. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造 成的巨大损害。
3. ________ in the queue for half an C hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waited
7.__________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match. A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning 8. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________"Sorry to miss you; will call later.“ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 9.________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge
5．The missing singer was last seen ____ the voice close to the bridge． A．exercising B．to be exercising C．exercise D．to exercise 6.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see ____ the next year． A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
(=While I was walking along the street, …) 听到这个消息时， 他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Hearing the news ________________, they all jumped with joy.
•[2] 作原因状语 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (=Because I was tired, …) 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。
(3)“with/without+n.+-ing” 结 构 在 句 中 作 状 语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. With final-exams coming, he feels very nervous.
3.”Can’t you read?” Mary said ______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing C. angrily pointed B. and point angrily D. and angrily pointing
4. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C.Not having received D. Having not received
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away. B A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
running away在此作shouted的伴随 状语，由Janet发出这一动作。
D 2. The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
Not knowing her address _______________________, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
• [3] 作条件状语 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, …)
独立成分：
有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受 句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有： generally(frankly,honestly…) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of （谈到）等。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do? Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
[6] 作结果状语。如：
His father left, leaving him a lot of money. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成 了碎片。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look. = Hearing a strange sound, he went out of ….
As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately. be - being Being seriously ill, the girl was taken to …. As she didn’t know any French, she couldn’t get any one to help her. Not knowing any French, she couldn’t get any one to help her.
-ing分词的被动式
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
-ing分词的否定形式是由not /never加ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。