高考英语语法填空题讲座课件

例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts…
John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the
headlines to research into the r3e9ason why people
didn’t act. They found that a person has to go
through two steps b4e0fore he can help. First he has to notice that it is 4a1n emergency（紧急情况）.
Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese
ki3l6led (kill) right below their windows. She was th3e7ir neighbor. Yet no3n8e of the 32 helped her.
Not one even called the police.
解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动 语态，用be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般过去 式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是 were allowed。
点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三 条语法规则。
例 2 The ______ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定 是reason。
点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实 际上是考查定语从句。
二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法， 其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题， 否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考 生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或 各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句 子，甚至整个段落或篇章。
广东高考英语语法填 空题专题讲座
Rational Cloze
一、练习与思考
广东省2007年英语高考样题
阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格
处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空并将答案填
写在答题卡上标号为31-40的相应位置。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，
满分15分） Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.
John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（紧急情况）. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs.
例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产 生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。
5.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]___a_____ shy , nervous perfectionist. (08深圳二模)
6.The little boy pulled [33]___h_is____ right hand out of the pocket … (07深圳一模)
6. But nothing changed until midterm, [39]____w_h_e_n__ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. (08深圳二模)
考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法
讨论归纳
解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填 cities。
点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文， 是不可能填出正确答案的。
三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，10个 空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点。
四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语 动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.
二、分析与研究
请找出文章中考到的考点：
• 非谓语动词
1个
• 代词
2个
• 名词
1个
• 连词
2个
• 冠词
1个
• 介词
1个
• 形容词
2个
语法填空题可能考到的还有：副词、习惯用语、特殊 句型等。
语法填空题—能力要求
1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;
2、分析句子结构的能力; 3、熟练运用语法的能力。
从语法填空题空格的设置来ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ，至少应当包括以下4个 特点
考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法
讨论归纳
• 无提示词 连词或从句引导词 •两个主谓结构连接
1. It was not long [39]__b_e_f_o_r_e__ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. (07深圳一模)
例8 It would be ______ (believe) that such an honest
fellow should have betrayed his friends!
解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形 式believale；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友， 真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀 un，答案为unbelievable。
深圳一模)
考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配
• 有提示词 谓语动词 • 与主语构成主谓结构
讨论归纳
1. I was certain she would like it because I [39] w__a_s__t_o_ld (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (07广
讨论归纳
冠词或(物主)代词
• 无提示词 • 可数名词单数之前
2. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]____th__e____ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. (07惠州一模)
• 无提示词 介词 •等与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语
• 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
3. In short, I believe that it is [39]___o_f______ great use to keep a dairy in English… (07深二模)
5. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]___a__t____the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. (08
州一模)
6. His fear of failure [36]____k_e_p__t__ (keep) him from
classroom games that other children played with
joyous abandon. (08深圳二模)
考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致
讨论归纳
非谓语动词 • 有提示词 • 除谓语动词以外的动词形式
2. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]_r_e__c_e_iv_i_n_g_ (receive) the gift. (07广州一模)
3. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left t_o__c_o_m__p_le_t_e__ (complete) the rest! (07广二模)
一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一 条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词 组的用法。
例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.
6. My pupils, Donnie [40]___in_c_l_u_d_e_d_ (include), adored her. (08深圳二模)
考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用
讨论归纳
词性转换
• 有提示词 •饰介名词词,,冠副词词,修所饰有形格容后词接动名词词或,形整容个词句修子
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]___ru__d_e_ly___ (rude).
Is the smoke coming into the room fr4o2m a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and m4o3st important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally resp4o4nsible (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 4o5r the person won’t get the help he needs.